Elland

Elland is a market town in Calderdale, in the county of West Yorkshire, England. It is situated south of Halifax, by the River Calder and the Calder and Hebble Navigation. Elland was recorded as Elant in the Domesday Book. It had a population in 2001 of 14,554,[2] with the ward being measured at 11,676 in the 2011 Census.[1]

Elland
A view of Elland
Elland Location within West Yorkshire
Population	11,676 (Ward at 2011 census[1]
OS grid reference	SE106208
Metropolitan borough	Calderdale
Metropolitan county	West Yorkshire
Region	Yorkshire and the Humber
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	ELLAND
Postcode district	HX5
Dialling code	01422
Police	West Yorkshire
Fire	West Yorkshire
Ambulance	Yorkshire
UK Parliament	Calder Valley

Etymology

The name of Elland is attested in the 1086 Domesday Book as Elant. The name comes from the Old English words ēa ('river') and land ('land'); the name relates to the settlement's location on the south bank of the Calder.[3][4]^:44

History

Elland retained continuity of tenure from before the Norman Conquest into the Middle Ages, as the Elland family were descended from Anglo-Saxon thegns. The Manor of Elland, with Greetland and Southowram formed an island of the Honour of Pontefract in the surrounding Manor of Wakefield. In 1350 Sir John de Eland was murdered, as were his son and grandson in the following year, which extinguished the male line of the family and the manor passed to the Savile family. From this period, the manor house ceased to be the principal dwelling of a gentry family, as the Saviles had their seat at the moated manor of Thornhill. Elland manor house was never completely reconstructed and, when dismantled and excavated in 1975 by the West Yorkshire Archaeology Unit, it was found to incorporate a 13th-century solar wing – one of the earliest secular buildings in the county. The manor house stood on a knoll aligned with the bridge over the River Calder and was destroyed during the construction of Calderdale Way bypass. The farm buildings survive.

The Fleece Inn

At the request of John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey, Edward II granted a charter, to John de Eland, for a free market on Tuesday at his Manor of Elland, and two fairs.

The town became a centre of wool production. The decline of the woollen industry had a significant effect on the town and many mills were demolished or converted to residences.

Durable flagstones, Elland flags, were quarried near the town and after the canal was constructed, they could be transported economically all over the county.[5][6] Elland housed the main factory of the manufacturer of Gannex products[7] and is the home of the Dobsons sweet factory, which produces traditional boiled sweets. Since 2001, Elland has been home to Suma Wholefoods, the largest workers' co-operative in the United Kingdom.

Governance

Elland was historically a township, with Greetland, in the large ancient parish of Halifax.[8] The township became a civil parish in 1866, but in 1894 Elland was separated from Greetland and became Elland Urban District (and civil parish). In 1937 Greetland and Stainland were added to the Urban District.[9] In 1974 the urban district and civil parish were abolished and merged into Calderdale Metropolitan Borough.

Landmarks

The church of St Mary the Virgin

Buildings of interest include the parish church of St Mary the Virgin, the former Rose and Crown Inn in Northgate, the Old Town Hall, Southgate Methodist Church, the reputedly haunted Fleece Inn at the top of Westgate,[10] the Rex Cinema and Waxman ceramics on Elland Lane. The remains of the medieval stocks can be found at the junction of Southgate and Elizabeth Street. The stocks, which are grade II listed, date from the late 17th, or early 18th century.[11]

Elland Power Station

Elland Power Station in 1991

Elland Power Station was a coal-fired power station by the River Calder. It was decommissioned and closed in 1991, in keeping with the trend of generating power at fewer but larger power stations away from towns, and demolished in 1996.[12]

Transport

The Calder and Hebble Navigation opened in the late-18th century to serve the growing industrialisation of the Calder Valley. Elland railway station closed in 1962 but the line is still in use as a passenger service for the Caldervale Line. The station has been proposed for re-opening with direct services to Leeds, Bradford, Halifax and Huddersfield.[13]

The A643 road begins in Leeds and ended in Elland. It passes Leeds United AFC's football ground, Elland Road. It now ends at junction 23 of the M62 motorway.

Notable people

• Thomas Thornton (born 1922), first-class cricketer[14]

See also

• Ellands, a surname
• Elland (UK Parliament constituency)
• Listed buildings in Elland

References

1. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Elland Ward (as of 2011) (1237321034)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
2. Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Urban Areas : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 8 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 26 August 2009
3. Calderdale.gov.uk
4. Harry Parkin, Your City's Place-Names: Leeds, English Place-Name Society City-Names Series, 3 (Nottingham: English Place-Names Society, 2017).
5. "Coal Measure Sandstones (Westphalian)". English Stone Forum. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
6. "A guide to Elland". Information Britain. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
7. Martin Wainwright (20 March 2002). "Historic Gannex factory may make for a supermarket". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
8. Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, 1870-72, at Vision of Britain website
9. Vision of Britain: Elland UD
10. "History of The Fleece Inn". Greater Elland Historical Society. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
11. Historic England. "Stocks in Garden on Side of Municipal Offices  (Grade II) (1313974)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
12. Historic England. "Elland Power Station (1314424)". PastScape. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
13. Hirst, Ian (8 March 2019). "Overwhelming support for £20m Elland train station as hundreds back plan". Halifax Courier. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
14. "First-Class Matches played by Thomas Thornton". cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 14 May 2020.