Eliza McCardle Johnson

Eliza Johnson (née McCardle; October 4, 1810 – January 15, 1876)[1] was the First Lady of the United States, the Second Lady of the United States, and the wife of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States.

Eliza McCardle Johnson
First Lady of the United States
In role April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869
President	Andrew Johnson
Preceded by	Mary Todd Lincoln
Succeeded by	Julia Grant
Second Lady of the United States
In role March 4, 1865 – April 15, 1865
Vice President	Andrew Johnson
Preceded by	Ellen Hamlin
Succeeded by	Ellen Colfax (1869)
First Lady of Tennessee
In role October 17, 1853 – November 3, 1857
Governor	Andrew Johnson
Preceded by	Frances Owen
Succeeded by	Martha Mariah Travis
In office March 12, 1862 – March 4, 1865
Governor	Andrew Johnson
Preceded by	Martha Mariah Travis
Succeeded by	Eliza O'Brien
Personal details
Born	Eliza McCardle (1810-10-04)October 4, 1810 Telford, Tennessee
Died	January 15, 1876(1876-01-15) (aged 65) Greeneville, Tennessee
Resting place	Andrew Johnson National Cemetery Greeneville, Tennessee
Spouse(s)	Andrew Johnson ​ ( m. 1827; died 1875)
Children	Martha Charles Mary Robert Andrew Jr.
Mother	Sarah Phillips
Father	John McCardle
Signature

Early life and marriage

Eliza was born in Telford, Tennessee, the only child of John McCardle, a shoemaker, and Sarah Phillips.[2][3] Her father died when Eliza was still in her teens.[4] She was raised by her widowed mother in Greeneville, Tennessee. One day in September 1826, Eliza was chatting with classmates from Rhea Academy when she spotted Andrew Johnson and his family pull into town with all their belongings. They instantly took a liking to each other. Andrew Johnson, 18, married Eliza McCardle, 16, on May 17, 1827, at the home of the bride's mother in Greeneville. Mordecai Lincoln, a distant relative of Abraham Lincoln, presided over the nuptials.

At 16, Eliza Johnson married at a younger age than any other First Lady. She was rather tall and had hazel eyes, brown hair and a good figure. She was better educated than Johnson, who by this time had barely taught himself to read and spell a little. Johnson credited his wife for teaching him to do arithmetic and to write, as he had never attended school. She tutored him patiently, while he labored in his tailor shop. She often read aloud to him.

Children

The Johnsons had three sons and two daughters, all born in Greeneville:

• Martha Johnson (1828–1901). She married David T. Patterson, who after the Civil War served as U.S. Senator from Tennessee. She served as official White House hostess in place of her mother. The Pattersons maintained a farm outside Greeneville. She died at age 72.
• Charles Johnson (1830–1863) – doctor, pharmacist. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he remained loyal to the Union. While recruiting Tennessee boys for the Union Army, he became the object of an intense Confederate manhunt. He joined the Middle Tennessee Union Infantry as an assistant surgeon; he was thrown from his horse and killed at age 33.
• Mary Johnson (1832–1883). She married Dan Stover, who served as colonel of the Fourth Tennessee Union Infantry during the Civil War. The Stovers lived on a farm in Carter County, Tennessee. Following the death of her husband in 1864, she married W.R. Brown. She died at age 50.
• Robert Johnson (1834–1869) – lawyer and politician. He served for a time in the Tennessee state legislature. During the Civil War, he was commissioned colonel of the First Tennessee Union Cavalry. He was private secretary to his father during his tenure as president. He became alcoholic and committed suicide at age 35.
• Andrew Johnson, Jr. (1852–1879) – journalist. He founded the weekly Greeneville Intelligencer, but it failed after three years. He died soon thereafter at age 26.

First Lady of the United States

2011 U.S Gold Coin

She supported her husband in his political career but had tried to avoid public appearances. During the American Civil War, Confederate authorities ordered her to evacuate her home in Greeneville; she took refuge in Nashville, Tennessee.

A few months later after her husband became president, she joined him in the White House, but she was not able to serve as First Lady due to her poor health from tuberculosis. She remained confined to her bedroom there, leaving the social chores to her daughter Martha Johnson Patterson.[1] Mrs. Johnson appeared publicly as First Lady on only two occasions—at a reception for Queen Emma of the Kingdom of Hawaii on January 2, 1866, and at the President's 59th birthday party on December 29, 1867.

Death

Eliza had tuberculosis. Due to her poor health, she was not able to serve as the First Lady for long. She remained in her bedroom most of the time in the White House, but due to that fatal condition she had, she died on January 15, 1876, at the age of 65. Her death occurred less than six months after that of her husband, who died on 31 July 1875.

References

1. "Andrew Johnson: Impact and Legacy". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
2. Ann Bausum (2007). Our Country's First Ladies. National Geographic. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-4263-0006-6.
3. National First Ladies' Library. "First Lady Biography: Eliza Johnson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved 2017-09-02.
4. Ford, Lynne E. (2010). Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics. Infobase Publishing. pp. 259–260. Retrieved July 8, 2016.

External links

• Eliza McCardle Johnson at Find a Grave
• Eliza Johnson at 'History of American Women'
• The White House Web Site
• National First Ladies' Library
• Eliza Johnson at C-SPAN's First Ladies: Influence & Image

Honorary titles
Preceded by Ellen Hamlin	Second Lady of the United States 1865	Vacant Title next held by Ellen Colfax
Preceded by Mary Todd Lincoln	First Lady of the United States 1865–1869	Succeeded by Julia Grant