Letitia Christian Tyler
Letitia Tyler (née Christian; November 12, 1790 – September 10, 1842), first wife of John Tyler, was the First Lady of the United States from 1841 until her death in 1842.[1]
Letitia Christian Tyler | |
|---|---|
 Tyler's White House Portrait (1842) | |
| First Lady of the United States | |
| In role April 4, 1841 – September 10, 1842 | |
| President | John Tyler |
| Preceded by | Anna Harrison Jane Harrison (Acting) |
| Succeeded by | Priscilla Tyler (Acting) |
| Second Lady of the United States | |
| In role March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841 | |
| Vice President | John Tyler |
| Preceded by | Floride Calhoun (1832) |
| Succeeded by | Sophia Dallas (1845) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Letitia Christian November 12, 1790 Cedar Grove, Virginia, US |
| Died | September 10, 1842 (aged 51) Washington, D.C., US |
| Cause of death | Stroke |
| Resting place | Cedar Grove Plantation Cemetery, New Kent County, Virginia, USA |
| Spouse(s) | |
| Children | 7, including Robert and Letitia |
Early life
Born at the Cedar Grove plantation in New Kent County, Virginia, Letitia Christian was the daughter of Mary (née Brown) and the Colonel Robert Christian. Christian was a prosperous planter.[2] Letitia was shy, quiet, pious, and by all accounts, selfless and devoted to her family.[3]
Personal life
She met John Tyler, then a law student, in 1808. Their five-year courtship was restrained and it was three weeks before the wedding that Tyler first kissed her — on the hand. In his only surviving love letter to her, written a few months before their wedding, Tyler promised, "Whether I float or sink in the stream of fortune, you may be assured of this, that I shall never cease to love you."[4][5]
Marriage
They married on Tyler's 23rd birthday at Cedar Grove, her family's home. Their 29-year marriage appears to have been a happy one. Letitia Tyler avoided the limelight during her husband's political rise, preferring domestic responsibilities to those of a public wife. During his congressional service, she remained in Virginia except for one visit to Washington during the winter of 1828–1829. In 1839, she suffered a paralytic stroke that left her an invalid. As first lady, she remained in the upstairs living quarters of the White House; she came down once, to attend the wedding of her daughter (Elizabeth) in January 1842.[6]
Children
Together, John and Letitia Tyler had four daughters and three sons live to maturity:[7]
- Mary Tyler-Jones (1815–1848), who married Henry Lightfoot Jones, a prosperous Tidewater planter, in 1835.
- Robert Tyler (1816–1877), who was a lawyer, public official who served as his father's private secretary in the White House. He settled in Philadelphia, where he practiced law and served as sheriff's solicitor. He also was chief clerk of the state supreme court. He married Priscilla Cooper Tyler, an actress, who at the age of 24 assumed the position of White House hostess, and she served as official hostess at the White House during the first three years of the Tyler administration. As a leader of the Democratic Party in Pennsylvania, Robert Tyler promoted the career of James Buchanan. At the outbreak of the American Civil War, he fled Philadelphia when an anti-southern mob attacked his home. He returned to Virginia, where he served as register of the Treasury of the Confederacy. Penniless after the war, he settled in Montgomery, Alabama, and there regained his fortunes as a lawyer, editor of the Montgomery Advertiser, and leader of the state Democratic Party.
- John Tyler III (1819–1896), who was a lawyer, public official. Like his older brother, he also became a lawyer and served as private secretary to his father, campaigning for James Buchanan. During the Civil War, he served as assistant secretary of war of the Confederacy. After the war, he settled in Baltimore, where he practiced law. Under the Grant administration, he was appointed to a minor position in the IRS in Tallahassee, FL.
- Letitia Tyler-Semple (1821–1907), an educator married James Semple, whom her father appointed a purser in the U.S. Navy, in 1839. The marriage was an unhappy one. At the close of the American Civil War, she left her husband to open a school, the Eclectic Institute, in Baltimore. After her mother's death in 1842, and after her sister-in-law Priscilla moved away, Letitia served her father as the White House social hostess, the title later known as First Lady. Her father remarried in 1844.
- Elizabeth Tyler-Waller (1823–1850), who married William N. Waller at a White House wedding in 1842. She died from the effects of childbirth at the age of 27.
- Alice Tyler-Denison (1827–1854), who married the Reverend Henry M. Denison, an Episcopal rector in Williamsburg, in 1850. She died suddenly of colic, also at the age of 27.
- Tazewell Tyler (1830–1874), who was a doctor who served as a surgeon in the Confederate Army during the Civil War.
Death and legacy
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The first first lady to die in the White House, Letitia Tyler died peacefully, aged 51, in the evening of September 10, 1842 from a stroke.[9] She was taken to Virginia for burial at the plantation of her birth. Tyler, Caroline Harrison (1892) and Ellen Wilson (1914) are the only first ladies to have died in the White House.
Her daughter-in-law Priscilla Cooper Tyler remembered her as "the most entirely unselfish person you can imagine. Notwithstanding her very delicate health, mother attends to and regulates all the household affairs and all so quietly that you can't tell when she does it."
Tyler appears on a 28p (£0.28) commemorative postage stamp from the Isle of Man Post Office, issued May 23, 2006, as part of a series honoring Manx-Americans.[10] She also appears on a one-half ounce gold coin and a bronze medal issued by the United States Mint on July 2, 2009.[11]
References
- Sources
- "Letitia Tyler | American first lady". britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- "Letitia Tyler Biography :: National First Ladies' Library". www.firstladies.org. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- Barden, Cindy (1996). Meet the First Ladies. Carthage, IL: Teaching & Learning Company. p. 29. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- Waldrup, Carole Chandler (2006). Wives of the American Presidents, 2d ed. McFarland. p. 63. ISBN 9780786424153. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- May, Gary (2008). John Tyler: The American Presidents Series: The 10th President, 1841-1845. Macmillan. p. 16. ISBN 9781429939218. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- Lindsay, Rae (2001). The Presidents' First Ladies. R & R Writers / Agents, Inc. ISBN 9780965375337. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- Crapol, Edward P. (2012). John Tyler, the Accidental President: Paperback Edition. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807872239. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- "America's First Ladies, Anna Harrison, Letitia Tyler & Julia Tyler". C-SPAN. 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- Jeffrey M. Jones, Joni L. Jones. "Presidential Stroke: United States Presidents and Cerebrovascular Disease". CNS Spectrums. Retrieved August 31, 2014. Cite journal requires
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- Notes
- Original text based on White House biography
External links
| Honorary titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Vacant Title last held by Floride Calhoun |
Second Lady of the United States 1841 |
Vacant Title next held by Sophia Dallas |
| Preceded by Anna Harrison (de jure) Jane Harrison (de facto) |
First Lady of the United States 1841–1842 |
Succeeded by Priscilla Tyler De facto |
