Eight Legions

The Eight Legions (Sanskrit: अष्टसेना, Aṣṭasenā; 八部衆) are a group of Buddhist deities whose function is to protect the Dharma. These beings are common among the audience addressed by the Buddha in Mahāyāna sūtras, making appearances in such scriptures as the Lotus Sutra and the Golden Light Sutra.

Translations of
Eight Legions
EnglishEight Legions
Sanskritअष्टसेना
Aṣṭasenā
Chinese八部眾;
天龍八部
(Pinyin: Bābùzhòng;
Tiānlóngbābù)
Japanese八部衆;
天龍八部衆
(rōmaji: Hachibushū;
Tenryūhachibu)
Korean팔부신장;
천룡팔부
(RR: Palbusinjang;
Cheonryongpalbu)
Tibetan ལྷ་འདྲེ་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་
Wylie: lha srin sde brgyad
VietnameseBát Bộ Chúng
Glossary of Buddhism

They are also referred to as the "Eight Legions of Devas and Nāgas" (天龍八部).[1]

Etymology

The name aṣṭasenā (अष्टसेना) is composed of two Sanskrit terms.

Aṣṭa (अष्ट) means eight, with connections to the Latin octo and the Persian hašt (هشت‎). Senā (सेना) means legion, but can be rendered army, general, warrior and the like.

Summary

The Eight Legions have their origins in ancient India as gods who belong to several domains. Many of these gods are among those spirits who are found in the lower heavens of Cāturmahārājakāyika and the Asura realm, and as such largely consist of nature spirits. While the list of figures within this category vary, the most common are as follows:

SanskritChineseJapaneseKoreanVietnameseTibetan (Wly.Brazil
Deva天眾
(pinyin: Tiānzhòng)		天部
(tenbu)		천중
(RR: cheon)		Thiên, Thiên chúngལྷ lhaDeva
Nāga龍眾
(pinyin: Lóngzhòng)		竜
(ryū)		용
(RR: yong)		Long, Long chúngkluNaga
Yakṣa夜叉
(pinyin: Yèchā)		夜叉
(yasha)		야차
(RR: yacha)		Dạ Xoagnod sbyinYaksha
Gandharva乾闥婆
(pinyin: Gāntàpó)		乾闥婆
(kendatsuba)		간다르바
(RR: gandareuba)		Càn Thát Bàdri za
Asura阿修羅
(pinyin: Āxiūluó)		阿修羅
(ashura)		아수라
(RR: asura)		A Tu Laལྷ་མ་ཡིན་ lha ma yinAsura
Garuḍa迦樓羅
(pinyin: Jiālóuluó)		迦楼羅
(karura)		가루다
(RR: garuda)		Ca Lâu Lakhyung
Kiṁnara緊那羅
(pinyin: Jǐnnàluó)		緊那羅
(kinnara)		긴나라
(RR: ginnara)		Khẩn Na Lami'am ciNara
Mahoraga摩睺羅伽
(pinyin: Móhóuluójiā) 		摩睺羅伽
(magoraga)		마후라가
(RR: mahuraga)		Ma Hầu La Giàལྟོ་འཕྱེ་ཆེན་པོ་ lto 'phye chen po

Variations

At Kōfuku-ji in Nara, Japan, there is a famous group of statues that represent the Eight Legions. Some of these figures differ from the common list. Their names in Japanese are as follows:

  • Gobujō (五部浄, Śuddhāvāsa , a deva and personification of the heaven of the fourth dhyāna. There are five gods who reside here, all anāgāmins: Īśvara, Samantakusuma, Raśmimālin, Manojava, and Svaraviśruti.)[2]
  • Sagara (沙羯羅, Sāgara, the Nāga King)
  • Kubanda (鳩槃荼, Kumbhāṇḍa）
  • Kendatsuba (乾闥婆, Gandharva)
  • Ashura (阿修羅, Asura)
  • Karura (迦楼羅, Garuḍa)
  • Kinnara (緊那羅, Kiṁnara)
  • Hibakara (畢婆迦羅)

There is another list of eight beings, the Hachibukikishū (Japanese; 八部鬼衆), who belong to an overlapping, but distinct category.

The Chinese title of Jin Yong's novel, Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils, is a reference to the Eight Legions. His original plan was to map each major character to one race, but this proved impossible as the novel progressed.

gollark: Most? Please enumerate at least 23 forms you are not vulnerable to.
gollark: The initial plan was for them to, but due to bureaucratic errors the machines were accidentally inverted and control the weather as well as governmental knowledge of it.
gollark: There's some interesting history there actually.
gollark: The new Minoteaur.
gollark: ++search xml funny exploit free

See also

References
  1. "hachibushuu 八部衆". JAANUS. 2001. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  2. Giebel, Rolf W. (2005). "The Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sūtra" (PDF). Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai. Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
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