Buddhism in Singapore

Buddhism in Singapore is the largest religion in Singapore, practiced by approximately 33.2% of the population. In 2015, out of 3,276,190 Singaporeans polled, 1,087,995 (33.21%) of them identified themselves as Buddhists.[1]

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Buddhism

Buddhism was introduced in Singapore primarily by migrants from across the world over past centuries. The first recorded histories of Buddhism in Singapore can be observed in the early days' monasteries and temples such as Thian Hock Keng and Jin Long Si Temple that were built by settlers that came from various parts of the world, in particularly Asia.

There are a variety of Buddhist organizations in Singapore, with the more predominant authorities being established ones such as the Singapore Buddhist Federation.

History
Main articles: Irreligion in Singapore and Religion in Singapore

Buddhism first appeared around the Singapore Straits during the 2nd century. Given the historic status of Singapore as a British trade port and colonial state, as well as a brief period of Japanese colonial rule during World War II, over the centuries a variety of Buddhist lineages from across the globe has appeared gradually on the island. They include Japanese and Western interpretations of the tripitaka, although a substantial local presence have their origins dating back into historic South East and East Asian kingdoms.

Modern day
See also: Freedom of religion in Singapore

With the advent of religious freedom in modern-day Singapore, most Singaporeans that adhere to the Buddhist doctrine are a participant of at least one Buddhist organisation, while also being actively involved in other beliefs that are presented across the diverse cosmopolitan culture. There is also an active female involvement in Singaporean Buddhism, which includes lay female followers as well as monastic nuns. Buddhists generally classify themselves as either from Theravāda Tradition or Mahāyāna Tradition.

Institutions

The first Sunday Dhamma School was organised by late Mahaweera Maha Nayaka Thero in 1940, the syllabus was set according to the standard of Young Men's Buddhist Association (YMBA) of Colombo in Sri Lanka. In 1982, a 3-storey annex was built in Mangala Vihara to cater for the rapidly expanding Sunday Dhamma School.[2]The Buddhist and Pali College of Singapore was set up in 1993 at Mangala Vihara, it is to caters the religious and educational needs of Singaporeans who seek to widen and deepen their knowledge of Buddhism.[3] Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery has also established another institution known as The Buddhist College of Singapore in 2006.

Youth Groups

Buddhism in Singapore has been experiencing a revival after the implementation of Religious Knowledge as compulsory programme in all secondary schools from 1984 to 1989,[4][5] There are youth groups set up in various Buddhist Temples and Centres like Wat Ananda Youth, Young Buddhist Chapter (YBC), Mangala Vihara Youth Circle, Singapore Buddhist Mission Youth and Buddhist Fellowship Youth etc. Buddhist societies are established in various tertiary institutions like NUS Buddhist Society (NUSBS), NTU Buddhist Society (NTUBS), SMU Dhamma Circle, SIM Buddhist Bhavana Club (SIMBBC), Ngee Ann Polytechnic Buddhist Society (NPBS), Singapore Polytechnic Buddhist Society (SPBS) and Nanyang Polytechnic Buddhist Society (NYPBS). There are also many foreign students in tertiary institutions joining and involving in these Buddhist societies.

Buddhist Events

In the early eighties, Late Ven K. Sri Dhammananda and several other Buddhist monastic members have been frequently invited to Singapore to conduct English public talks and forums. There are also some famous Chinese Mahayana monks from Taiwan that are invited to conduct Mandarin or Hokkien public talks at the same period too. Singapore Buddhist Youth Mission had once organised a large Mandarin public talk in 1999 by Ven Hui Lui from Taiwan at Singapore Indoor Stadium. Since Ajahn Brahm was invited to be the Spiritual Patron of the Buddhist Fellowship in Singapore, he has frequently conduct English public talks in various locations of Singapore like Chui Huay Lim Club, Singapore Conference Hall and Ren Ci Hospital auditorium. His talks are very popular and well-received.[6] In recent years, several distinguished monks from Thai Forest Tradition have been invited to conduct public talks in Singapore, like Ajahn Jayasaro was invited to conduct a teaching tour in Singapore in 2017[7] and Ajahn Sumedho was invited to conduct a public talk at the auditorium of Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery in 2019.[8]. More recently, there have been Buddhist Film Festivals in Singapore in the past few years. [9]

Inter-Faith

Singapore is a society of diverse religious traditions. The Buddhist community in Singapore has contributed much to the Singapore society. One example is the Buddhist Free Clinic. The Buddhist Free Clinic has multiple outlets across Singapore, providing free healthcare services to the public, regardless of the patients' ethnicity or beliefs. This demonstrates how Buddhism is part of the religious fabric in Singapore and how multiple faiths in Singapore get along with one another.

Controversies

Venerable Ming Yi of Foo Hai Ch'an Monastery as of 2015[10] was imprisoned in a high-profile corruption scandal a few years ago. Ming Yi had been sentenced to 10 months in jail in November 2009 after being convicted on four charges of fraud, falsifying documents, misappropriating funds and giving false information to the Commissioner of Charities in 2008.[11][12] Resulting from criminal charges and investigation, the Commissioner of Charities then suspended him from decision-making positions in Foo Hai Ch'an Monastery; Foo Hai Ch'an Buddhist Cultural and Welfare Association; Singapore Buddhist Free Clinic; the Singapore Regional Centre of the World Fellowship of Buddhists; and the Katho Temple.[13]

Venerable Guo Jun, former abbot of the Mahabodhi Monastery in Bukit Timah, has drawn criticism for owning a property in Sydney worth more than A$500,000 (S$514,000) and for not wearing his monk's robe on at least one occasion in public and staying in Marina Bay Sands (MBS) integrated resort. Guo Jun also faces a lawsuit from a trustee Lee Boon Teow of the monastery, who has filed a Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau report against him. [14]

gollark: overmoderating online communities bad too!
gollark: I mean, "free speech" in the general sense roughly just means "less censorship".
gollark: And yet that's something like half our traffic?
gollark: > anyway, free speech as i understand is just your right to speak out against the government, not to just spout random bullshitNo, not really. I mean, as a legal principle yes.
gollark: > free speech is saying "proof ?" to "hitler did nothing wrong" and not "no u", free speech has pros and consNo, free speech is just not silencing people who disagree with you, or who you disagree with.

See also
Buddhist Mission Schools
Buddhist Centres

References
  1. "General Household Survey 2015 - Content Page". Archived from the original on 2018-02-12. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  2. "Founder-Mangala Vihara". Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  3. "Buddhist and Pali College". Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  4. P, Liviniyah. "Religious Knowledge | Infopedia". eresources.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
  5. Cornbleth, Catherine (2000-01-01). Curriculum Politics, Policy, Practice: Cases in Comparative Context. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-9264-2.
  6. http://www.buddhistfellowship.org/cms/index.php?/component/option,com_morfeoshow/gallery,11/task,view/
  7. https://buddhlib.org.sg/stillness-flowing/
  8. https://www.buddhadhammafoundation.com/upcoming-events/2019/5/4/dhamma-talk-by-ajahn-sumedho
  9. "THUS HAVE I SEEN – Buddhist Film Festival".
  10. Aw, Cheng Wei (11 May 2015). "Buddhist monk glad kidney recipient has second shot". Archived from the original on 2016-03-09. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  11. "Ming Yi's monk status questioned over $1,000-a-table dinner". AsiaOne. 2 Dec 2010. Archived from the original on 2016-03-09. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  12. Chong, Elena. "Ren Ci head Venerable Ming Yi charged with 10 counts". Archived from the original on 2016-03-09. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  13. "Ming Yi suspended from office in 5 other bodies". Archived from the original on 2017-02-16. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  14. Zaccheus, Melody. "Bid to suspend monastery's abbot fails". ST. Archived from the original on 2016-03-09. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

Bibliography
  • Chia, Jack Meng Tat (2009). "Buddhism in Singapore: A State of the Field Review." Asian Culture 33, 81-93.
  • Kuah, Khun Eng. State, Society and Religious Engineering: Towards a Reformist Buddhism in Singapore. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press, 2003.
  • Ong, Y.D. Buddhism in Singapore: A Short Narrative History. Singapore: Skylark Publications, 2005.
  • Shi Chuanfa 释传发. Xinjiapo Fojiao Fazhan Shi 新加坡佛教发展史 [A History of the Development of Buddhism in Singapore]. Singapore: Xinjiapo fojiao jushilin, 1997.
  • Wee, Vivienne. “Buddhism in Singapore.” In Understanding Singapore Society, eds. Ong Jin Hui, Tong Chee Kiong and Tan Ern Ser, pp. 130–162. Singapore: Times Academic Press, 1997.
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