Dominique Strauss-Kahn

Dominique Gaston André Strauss-Kahn (French pronunciation: ​[dɔminik stʁos kan]; born 25 April 1949) is a French politician, former managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and a controversial figure in the French Socialist Party due to his involvement in several financial and sexual scandals.[1] He is often referred to in the media,[2][3] and by himself,[4] by his initials DSK. Strauss-Kahn was appointed managing director of the IMF on 28 September 2007, with the backing of his country's conservative president, Nicolas Sarkozy. He served in that capacity until his resignation on 18 May 2011 in the wake of allegations that he had sexually assaulted a hotel maid.[5] Other allegations followed.

Dominique Strauss-Kahn
Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund
In office 1 November 2007 – 18 May 2011
Deputy	John Lipsky
Preceded by	Rodrigo Rato
Succeeded by	Christine Lagarde
Minister of Finance
In office 4 June 1998 – 2 November 1999
Prime Minister	Lionel Jospin
Preceded by	Jean Arthuis
Succeeded by	Christian Sautter
Member of the National Assembly for Val d'Oise's 8th constituency
In office 2 April 2001 – 19 October 2007
Preceded by	Raymonde Le Texier
Succeeded by	François Pupponi
In office 12 June 1997 – 4 July 1997
Preceded by	Pierre Lellouche
Succeeded by	Raymonde Le Texier
In office 23 June 1988 – 16 June 1991
Succeeded by	Bernard Angels
Personal details
Born	Dominique Gaston André Strauss-Kahn (1949-04-25) 25 April 1949 Neuilly-sur-Seine, Seine, France
Political party	Socialist Party
Spouse(s)	Hélène Dumas (1967–1984) Brigitte Guillemette (1984–1989) Anne Sinclair (1991–2013) Myriam L'Aouffir (2017–present)
Education	HEC Paris Sciences Po Paris Institute of Statistics Paris Nanterre University
Signature

He was a professor of economics at Paris West University Nanterre La Défense and Sciences Po, and was Minister of Economy and Finance from 1997 to 1999 as part of Lionel Jospin's "Plural Left" government. He sought the nomination in the Socialist Party presidential primary of 2006, but was defeated by Ségolène Royal in November.

Early life

Dominique Strauss-Kahn was born on 25 April 1949 in the wealthy Paris suburb of Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine. He is the son of lawyer Gilbert Strauss-Kahn. Strauss-Kahn's father was born to an Alsatian Jewish father and a Catholic mother from Lorraine; Strauss-Kahn's mother is from a Sephardic Jewish family in Tunisia.[6]

He and his parents settled in Agadir, Morocco, in 1951, but after the 1960 earthquake moved to Monaco,[7] where his father practiced law. While the family was living in Monaco, Strauss-Kahn went to school at the Lycee Albert 1er. The family later returned to Paris, where he attended classes préparatoires at the Lycée Carnot. He graduated from HEC Paris in 1971 and from Sciences Po and the Paris Institute of Statistics in 1972. He sat and failed the entrance examination for École nationale d'administration, but obtained a bachelor degree in public law, as well as a PhD and an agrégation (1977) in economics at the Université Paris X (Nanterre).[8]

Career outside politics

From 1977 to 1981, Strauss-Kahn lectured at the University of Nancy-II, first as an assistant, and later as assistant professor, before taking a position at the University of Nanterre. In 1982, he was appointed to the Plan Commission as head of the finance department, and later as Deputy Commissioner, a position he held until his election to the National Assembly in 1986. After his ousting in the 1993 parliamentary elections, Strauss-Kahn founded DSK Consultants, a corporate law consulting firm. Upon resigning from the Jospin government, he resumed his academic duties, teaching economics at Sciences Po from 2000 until his appointment to the IMF in 2007.[9]

Political career

Strauss-Kahn was first an activist member of the Union of Communist Students,[10] before joining in the 1970s the Centre d'études, de recherches et d'éducation socialiste (Center on Socialist Education Studies and Research, CERES) led by Jean-Pierre Chevènement, future presidential candidate for the 2002 election.[10] There, he befriended the future Prime Minister of France Lionel Jospin (PS).

After the election of President François Mitterrand (PS) in 1981, he decided to stay out of government. He got involved in the Socialist Party (PS), which was led by Lionel Jospin, and founded Socialisme et judaïsme ("Socialism and Judaism"). The next year, he was appointed to the Commissariat au plan (Planning Commission) as commissaire-adjoint.

In 1986 he was elected Member of Parliament for the first time in the Haute-Savoie department, and in 1988 in the Val-d'Oise department. He became chairman of the National Assembly Committee on Finances, famously exchanging heated words with the Finance Minister Pierre Bérégovoy (PS).

Minister for Industry (1991–93)

In 1991, he was nominated by Mitterrand to be Junior Minister for Industry and Foreign Trade[11] in Édith Cresson's social-democratic government. He kept his position in Pierre Bérégovoy's government[12] until the 1993 general elections.[13]

After the electoral defeat of 1993, Strauss-Kahn was appointed by former Prime Minister Michel Rocard chairman of the groupe des experts du PS ("Group of Experts of the Socialist Party"), created by Claude Allègre. The same year, he founded the law firm "DSK Consultants" and worked as a business lawyer.

In 1994, Raymond Lévy, who was director of Renault, invited him to join the Cercle de l'Industrie, a French industry lobby in Brussels, where he met the billionaire businessman Vincent Bolloré and top manager Louis Schweitzer; Strauss-Kahn served as secretary-general and later as vice-president. This lobbyist activity earned him criticism from the alter-globalization left.

In June 1995, he was elected mayor of Sarcelles and married Anne Sinclair, a famous television journalist working for the private channel TF1 and in charge of a political show, Sept sur Sept. She ceased presenting this show after Strauss-Kahn's nomination as Minister of Economics and Finance in 1997 to avoid conflict of interest, while Strauss-Kahn himself would cede his place as mayor to François Pupponi in order to avoid double responsibilities.

Minister for Economics, Finances and Industry (1997–99)

In 1997, Prime Minister Lionel Jospin (PS) appointed Strauss-Kahn as Minister for Economics, Finance and Industry, making him one of the most influential ministers in his Plural Left government.

Although it was in theory contrary to the Socialist Party's electoral program, he implemented a wide privatization program, which included among others the IPO of France Télécom; he also implemented some deregulation policies in the research and development sector. The French economy achieved an excellent performance during his term of office: the GDP increased, whereas unemployment and public debt decreased (creation of 300,000 jobs in 1998, a level not seen since 1969). This helped to strengthen his popularity and managed to win the support of former supporters of Lionel Jospin and Michel Rocard, making him the leader of the reform-oriented group Socialisme et démocratie. Strauss-Kahn was an early proponent of reducing the working week to 35 hours, a measure implemented by Martine Aubry, Minister for Social Policies.

In 1998 he became one of the leaders of the Socialist Party for the regional elections in the Ile-de-France region (Paris and suburbs), which were won by the PS. But as Strauss-Kahn refused to swap his ministry for the executive leadership of the Ile-de-France, Jean-Paul Huchon became the president of the regional council.

In 1999, he was accused of corruption in two financial scandals related to Elf Aquitaine and the MNEF Affair, a student mutual health insurance, and decided to resign from his ministerial office to fight these charges, in agreement with the "Balladur jurisprudence". He was replaced by Christian Sautter. He was acquitted in November 2001, and was reelected in a by-election in the Val-d'Oise.

As Minister of Economics and Finance, Strauss-Kahn succeeded in decreasing VAT to 5.5% for renovation works in construction, thus supporting this activity. At the same time, he decreased the budget deficit, which was more than 3% of GDP under Alain Juppé's center-right government (1995–97). He thus prepared France's entrance in the euro zone. Strauss-Kahn also repealed the Thomas Act on hedge funds and launched the Conseil d'orientation des retraites (Orientation Council on Pensions).

Strauss-Kahn succeeded in combining followers of Jospin and Rocard in the same political movement, Socialisme et démocratie, but failed to make it more than an informal network.

Speaking at a socialist rally in May 2007

In opposition

After Jacques Chirac's success in the 2002 presidential election and the following Union for a Popular Movement (UMP)'s majority in Parliament, Strauss-Kahn was reelected Member of Parliament on 16 June 2002, in the 8th circonscription of the Val-d'Oise. He first declined in taking part in the new leadership of the PS, then in the opposition, in the 2003 congress of the party. But he joined the party's leadership again at the end of 2004, and was given overall responsibility for drawing up the Socialist programme for the 2007 presidential election, along with Martine Aubry and Jack Lang. During the summer meeting of 2005, he announced that he would be a candidate for the primary elections of the Socialist Party for the presidential election.

At the same time, Strauss-Kahn co-founded the think tank À gauche en Europe (To the Left in Europe) along with Michel Rocard.[14] He presided jointly with Jean-Christophe Cambadélis over the Socialisme et démocratie current in the PS.

Strauss-Kahn was one of the first French politicians to enter the blogosphere;[15] his blog became one of the most visited, along with Juppé's, during his stay in Quebec.[16]

Strauss-Kahn then campaigned for the "Yes" at the 2005 French European Constitution referendum. More than 54% of the French citizens refused it, damaging Strauss-Kahn's position inside the PS, while left-wing Laurent Fabius, who had campaigned for a "No" vote, was reinforced.

Strauss-Kahn sought the nomination for the Socialist candidacy in the 2007 presidential election. His challengers were former prime minister Laurent Fabius and Ségolène Royal, the president of the Poitou-Charentes region. Strauss-Kahn finished second, behind Royal. On 13 April 2007, Strauss-Kahn called for an "anti-Sarkozy front" between the two rounds of the forthcoming presidential election.[17][18] Following Ségolène Royal's defeat, Strauss-Kahn criticized the PS's strategy and its chairman, François Hollande.[19][20] Along with Fabius, he then resigned from the party's national directorate in June 2007.[21] Strauss-Kahn had been widely expected to seek the Socialist nomination for President of France in 2012,[22] and was considered an early favorite.[23]

IMF Managing Director (2007–11)

On 10 July 2007, Strauss-Kahn became the consensus European nominee to be the head of the IMF, with the personal support of President Nicolas Sarkozy (member of the right UMP party). Former Polish Prime Minister Marek Belka withdrew his candidacy as it was opposed by the majority of European countries.[24] Some critics alleged that Sarkozy proposed Strauss-Kahn as managing director of the IMF to deprive the Socialist Party of one of its more popular figures.[25]

Strauss-Kahn became the front runner in the race to become Managing Director of the IMF, with the support of the 27-nation European Union, the United States, China and most of Africa. On 28 September 2007, the International Monetary Fund's 24 executive directors selected him as the new managing director. Strauss-Kahn replaced Spain's Rodrigo Rato.[26] On 30 September 2007, Dominique Strauss-Kahn was formally named as the new head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The only other nominee was the Czech Josef Tošovský, a late candidate proposed by Russia. Strauss-Kahn said: "I am determined to pursue without delay the reforms needed for the IMF to make financial stability serve the international community, while fostering growth and employment".[27] Under Strauss-Kahn the IMF's pursuit of financial stability has included calls for a possible replacement of the dollar as the world's reserve currency. An IMF report from January 2011[28] called for a stronger role for special drawing rights (SDR) in order to stabilize the global financial system. According to the report, an expanded role for SDRs could help to stabilize the international monetary system. Furthermore, for most countries (except for those using the US dollar as their currency) there would be several advantages in switching the pricing of certain assets, such as oil and gold, from dollars to SDRs. For some commentators that amounts to a call for a "new world currency that would challenge the dominance of the dollar".[29]

In 2008, the IMF Board appointed an independent investigator following allegations that Strauss-Kahn had had an affair with a subordinate, Piroska Nagy, who was married at the time to economist Mario Blejer. Nagy alleged that Strauss-Kahn had used his position to coerce her into the affair.[30] She was later made redundant and Strauss-Kahn assisted her in getting a new job.[31] The IMF board issued the findings of the investigation; while noting that the affair was "regrettable and reflected a serious error of judgment on the part of the managing director", the board cleared Strauss-Kahn of harassment, favoritism or abuse of power, and indicated that he would remain in his post.[32][33] Strauss-Kahn issued a public apology for the affair. Le Journal du Dimanche dubbed him "le grand séducteur" (the Great Seducer).[34]

Strauss-Kahn made comments that could be perceived as critical of global financial actors, in an interview for a documentary about the late-2000s financial crisis, Inside Job (2010). He said he had attended a dinner organised by former Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson in which several CEOs of 'the biggest banks in the U.S.' had admitted they (or perhaps bankers in general) were 'too greedy' and bore part of the responsibility for the crisis. They said the government "'should regulate more, because we are too greedy, we can't avoid it.'" Strauss-Kahn said he warned the officials of a number of departments of the U.S. government of an impending crisis. He also said: "At the end of the day, the poorest – as always – pay the most."[35]

Referring to his diplomatic efforts to secure IMF aid for Europe following the 2010 sovereign debt crisis, economist Simon Johnson described Strauss-Kahn as "Metternich with a BlackBerry".[36][37] In May 2011, referring to the IMF's change of heart in favour of progressive rather than neoliberal values, Joseph Stiglitz wrote that Strauss-Kahn had proved himself to be a "sagacious leader" of the institution.[38] Following Strauss-Kahn's arrest for sexual assault in New York, economist Eswar Prasad said that should he be forced to step down, the IMF "will find it hard to find as effective and skilful an advocate for keeping the institution central to the global monetary system".[36]

John Lipsky, the IMF's second-in-command, was named acting Managing Director on 15 May 2011.[39]

Strauss-Kahn resigned from the IMF on 18 May 2011, after being arrested by New York police on 15 May over allegations of sexual assault. He was on a plane about to take off, when airport police asked that the plane be stopped; he was escorted off the plane and interviewed by police. The case was later settled for an undisclosed amount.[40][41]

Timeline

Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, 2007–2011 (resignation – sexual assault case)

Governmental functions

• Minister of Industry and Foreign trade, 1991–1993.
• Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry, 1997–1999 (resignation).

Electoral mandates

• Member of the National Assembly of France for Val d'Oise (8th constituency) : 1988–1991 (he became minister in 1991) / Reelected in 1997, but he became minister / 2001–2007 (resigned on becoming Managing Director of the IMF in 2007). Elected in 1988, reelected in 1997, 2001, 2002, 2007.
• Member of the National Assembly of France for Savoie : 1986-1988.

Regional Council

• Regional councillor of Ile-de-France, 1998–2001 (resignation).

Municipal Council

• Mayor of Sarcelles, 1995–1997 (resignation).
• Deputy-mayor of Sarcelles, 1997–2007 (resigned on becoming Managing Director of the IMF in 2007). Reelected in 2001.
• Municipal councillor of Sarcelles, 1989–2007 (resigned on becoming Managing Director of the IMF in 2007). Reelected in 1995, 2001.

Agglomeration community Council

• President of the Agglomeration community of Val de France, 2002–2007 (resigned on becoming Managing Director of the IMF in 2007).
• Member of the Agglomeration community of Val de France, 2002–2007 (resigned on becoming Managing Director of the IMF in 2007).

Board of Russian Regional Development Bank (2013–)

In July 2013, Strauss-Kahn accepted a position as a board member of the Russian Regional Development Bank: a banking subsidiary of the Russian state oil company Rosneft.[42] Shortly after that he also accepted a similar position at the Russian Direct Investment Fund.[43]

Activities in the Ukraine

He was a member of the Supervisory board of the bank Kredit Dnipro and involved himself in the bank Arjil, for which he raised advisory assignments to the Serbian Government in 2013 and to the Tunisian Government in 2016.[7]

Adviser to the Serbian Government

On 13 September 2013, it was announced by Serbian Deputy Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić that Strauss-Kahn would become economic adviser to the Serbian government and that he was expected in Belgrade the following week.[44][45]

Adviser to South Sudan government

Strauss-Kahn has helped the government of South Sudan to set up the National Credit Bank in May 2013. The bank was owned by the now bankrupt joint venture Leyne, Strauss-Kahn and Partners. But shortly after the bank was established, fighting in South Sudan began and in October 2014 he left the bank.[7]

Lectures

In 2014, Strauss-Kahn was reported to "work... the lecture circuit in Asia".[46]

Investment banking and hedge fund

On 25 September 2013, it was announced that Strauss-Kahn was to join Anatevka, a small investment banking firm based in Luxembourg. The firm was also to change its name to Leyne, Strauss-Kahn and Partners or LSK.[47] His lead partner in the venture is Thierry Leyne.[46] In 2014, LSK announced an effort to launch a $2 billion hedge fund.[48]

Three days after Strauss-Kahn left the National Credit Bank in October 2014, Thierry Leyne committed suicide in Tel Aviv. On 7 November 2014, the company filed for bankruptcy with depths of 100 Mio.€.[7]

Appearance on French public television's The Euro Story

In a documentary called The Euro Story, shown on 15 May 2014, Strauss-Kahn was included for five minutes making comments on the euro crisis. The documentary was narrated by economist Daniel Cohen.[46][49]

Personal life

Strauss-Kahn has four daughters,[50] one by his second wife, Brigitte Guillemette, whom he married in 1984.[51] He married his third wife, French journalist Anne Sinclair, in 1991. Sinclair is the heiress to part of the fortune of her maternal grandfather, art dealer Paul Rosenberg. The couple had a house in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C.,[52] two apartments in Paris,[53][54] and a riad in Marrakesh, Morocco.[55] He is an accomplished chess player who enjoys playing chess for up to two or three hours a day on his iPad.[56][57]

On 31 August 2012, Anne Sinclair said in a newspaper interview that she and Strauss-Kahn had separated. The couple divorced in March 2013. On 25 May 2013, Strauss-Kahn appeared at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival with his new partner, Myriam L'Aouffir, a communications manager for France Télévisions.[58][59] In December 2015, it was revealed that Strauss-Kahn, while he was the managing director of the IMF, had a secret love child born in 2010.[60]

New York v. Strauss-Kahn and later allegations

Main article: New York v. Strauss-Kahn

On 14 May 2011, Nafissatou Diallo, a 32-year-old maid at the Sofitel New York Hotel,[61][62] alleged that Strauss-Kahn had sexually assaulted her after she entered his suite.[63]

Strauss-Kahn was indicted on 18 May and granted US$1 million bail, plus a US$5 million bond, the following day. He was ordered to remain confined to a New York apartment under guard.[64] A semen sample was found on the maid's shirt, and on 24 May it was reported that DNA tests showed a match to a DNA sample submitted by Strauss-Kahn.[65] He was arraigned on 6 June 2011, and pleaded not guilty.[66] On 30 June 2011, The New York Times reported that the case was on the verge of collapse because of problems with the credibility of the alleged victim, who had, according to sources within the NYPD, repeatedly lied since making her first statement.[67] According to prosecutors, the accuser admitted that she lied to a grand jury about the events surrounding the alleged attack.[68] Diallo said that the translator misunderstood her words.[69][70] Strauss-Kahn was released from house arrest on 1 July.[71]

After completing a lengthy investigation, prosecutors filed a motion to drop all charges against Strauss-Kahn, stating that they were not convinced of his culpability beyond a reasonable doubt due to serious issues in the complainant's credibility and inconclusive physical evidence, and therefore could not ask a jury to believe in it.[72][73] The motion was granted by Judge Obus in a hearing on 23 August 2011.[74][75] In a TV interview in September, Strauss-Kahn admitted that his liaison with Diallo was a moral fault and described it as "inappropriate" but that it did not involve violence, constraint or aggression. He said that Diallo had lied about the encounter and that he had no intention of negotiating with her over a civil suit she had filed against him.[76] Strauss-Kahn later reached a settlement with Diallo for an undisclosed amount over the civil suit.[77]

In the aftermath of the New York arrest, numerous other allegations of sexual misconduct were made. During the case, the journalist Tristane Banon came forward with a claim that Strauss-Kahn had attempted to rape her. In September, Banon stated that if there is no criminal prosecution, she would bring a civil case against Strauss-Kahn.[78] According to a report in L'Express Strauss-Kahn admitted to attempting to kiss Banon.[79] In October the French public prosecutors dropped the investigation. They stated that there was a lack of evidence regarding the allegation of attempted rape.[80][81] In March 2012, Strauss-Kahn came under investigation in France over his alleged involvement in a prostitution ring. The allegations relate to his supposed involvement in hiring prostitutes for sex parties at hotels in Lille, Paris and Washington.[82] On 2 October 2012, a French prosecutor announced that they will not continue the investigation of Strauss-Kahn's connection to a possible gang rape in Washington, D.C.[83]

On 26 July 2013, French prosecutors announced that Strauss-Kahn was to stand trial concerning allegations of "aggravated pimping" at the Carlton hotel in Lille.[84] Strauss-Kahn was acquitted of these charges on 12 June 2015.[85]

A feature film Welcome to New York directed by Abel Ferrara (2014) was based on the Strauss-Kahn story. The film featured "Gérard Depardieu as Devereaux, a character modeled on Strauss-Kahn, and Jacqueline Bisset as Simone, likewise based on Anne Sinclair, ... [was] built around the Sofitel scandal and portray[ed] both characters in an unforgiving light". Sinclair said the film was "disgusting" and Strauss-Kahn's lawyer said "his client would sue the film's producers for libel".[46]

Works

• Inflation et partage des surplus; le cas des ménages. Cujas, 1975. (with André Babeau and André Masson).
• Économie de la famille et accumulation patrimoniale. Cujas. 1977.
• La Richesse des Français- Epargne, Plus-value/Héritage. (with André Babeau). Paris: PUF, 1977. Collection « L'économiste » ed. Pierre Tabatoni. Enquête sur la fortune des Français.
• Pierre Bérégovoy: une volonté de réforme au service de l'économie 1984–1993. Cheff, 2000. (with Christian Sautter)
• La Flamme et la Cendre, Grasset, 2002, (ISBN 2-01-279122-0)
• Lettre ouverte aux enfants d'Europe, Grasset, 2004, (ISBN 2-246-68251-7)
• Pour l'égalité réelle: Eléments pour un réformisme radical, Note de la Fondation Jean Jaurès, 2004
• DVD pour le Oui à la constitution, 2005
• 365 jours, journal contre le renoncement, Grasset, 2006

See also

• Weinstein effect
• MeToo movement

References

1. "strauss kahn takes the-stand in french pimping trial". The Times of Israel. 9 February 2015.
2. Willsher, Kim (15 May 2011). "Dominique Strauss-Kahn's sex arrest could end presidential hopes". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
3. "Dominique Strauss-Kahn". Les Stars: Bios de Stars (in French). Gala.fr. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
4. Dominique Strauss Kahn founded a law firm called "DSK Consultants" and wrote a book in 2006 called "365 jours", where the DSK acronyms takes half the cover
5. BOSCHAT, Nathalie; GAUTHIER-VILLARS, David; EL-GHOBASHY, Tamer (19 May 2011). "Strauss-Kahn Resigns From IMF". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
6. Michel Taubmann (5 May 2011). "Qui est vraiment Dominique Strauss-Kahn". Le Point (in French). Retrieved 15 November 2018.
7. David Signer, Dakar. "Strauss-Kahn: Comeback in Afrika". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 8 June 2020.
8. "Dominique Strauss-Kahn". Republique-des-lettres.fr. 20 May 2010. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
9. "IMF Executive Board Selects Dominique Strauss-Kahn as IMF Managing Director", Press Release No. 07/211, 28 September 2007.
10. David Revault d'Allones, "Le PS donne au monde un grand argentier" in Libération, 29 September 2007 (in French) read on-line
11. « Gouvernement Edith Cresson », Feb 2012, Assemblee Nationale, 17 May 1991 (in French)
12. "Gouvernement Pierre Bérégovoy", Feb 2012, Assemblee Nationale, 5 April 1992 (in French)
13. "Gouvernement Édouard Balladur", Feb 2012, Assemblee Nationale, 31 March 1993 (in French)
14. "gauche-en-europe.org - gauche-en-europe Resources and Information". ww1.gauche-en-europe.org. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007.
15. "Le blog de Dominique Strauss-Kahn". Blogdsk.net. Archived from the original on 11 March 2004. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
16. Le Figaro, 10 August 2006 (in French) Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
17. "A Look behind the Operation for an Alliance of the Center". L'Humanité. 17 April 2007.
18. Archived 10 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine
19. "The Hardline Right Moves into the Élysee Palace – Sarkozy Wins the French Presidential Election". L'Humanité. 7 May 2007.
20. Archived 27 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine
21. L'Humanité, 29 June 2007 (in French) Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
22. Willard, Anna (4 February 2010), IMF chief says may quit early; eyes French politics?, Reuters
23. "Sondages Ifop-JDD: L'étau se resserre entre Hollande et DSK". Lejdd.fr. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
24. FMI : Strauss-Kahn candidat officiel de l'Union européenne, Le Figaro, 10 July 2007 (in French)
25. "France's Sarkozy wants Strauss-Kahn as IMF head". Reuters. 7 July 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
26. "IMF Managing Directors". img.org. Archived from the original on 8 September 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
27. "Frenchman is named new IMF chief". BBC News. 28 September 2007. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
28. "Enhancing International Monetary Stability-A Role for the SDR?". Imf.org. 7 January 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
29. Heather Stewart (10 February 2011). "IMF boss calls for global currency". Guardian. UK. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
30. "Woman in 2008 Affair Is Said to Have Accused I.M.F. Director of Coercing Her". The New York Times. 16 May 2011.
31. Bremner, Charles (20 October 2008). "Nicolas Sarkozy dismay as Dominique Strauss-Kahn in sex scandal". The Times. London. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
32. "IMF director cleared over affair". BBC News. 26 October 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
33. "IMF director retains job despite affair — CNN.com". CNN. 26 October 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
34. "Dominique Strauss-Kahn: The Great Seducer". IBTimes. 15 May 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
35. Charles Ferguson; et al. "Inside Job screenplay" (PDF). Sony Pictures Classics. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
36. Alan Beattie (15 May 2011). "Crisis threatens European role at IMF". The Financial Times. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
37. Simon Johnson (economist) (10 March 2010). "Metternich With A Blackberry". the baselinescenario. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
38. Joseph Stiglitz (7 May 2011). "The IMF's change of heart". Aljazeera. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
39. Pylas, Pan (17 May 2011). "Arrest may cloud Europe's debt talks". Boston Globe.
40. Sudeep Reddy; Bob Davis (19 May 2011). "IMF Director Resigns, Denying Allegations". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
41. Gerry Mullany (19 May 2011). "Dominique Strauss-Kahn Resigns From I.M.F." The New York Times. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
42. Kramer, Andrew E. (15 July 2013). "Strauss-Kahn Re-emerges in Finance, in Russia". The New York Times.
43. Sputnik (20 July 2013). "Ex-IMF Head Joins Russiano Investment Fund Supervisory Board". ria.ru.
44. "Europe - Strauss-Kahn hired to advise Serbia". France 24. 13 September 2013.
45. "Dominique Strauss-Kahn to advise Serbian government, official says - CNN.com". CNN. 13 September 2013.
46. Kauffmann, Sylvie, "Why D.S.K. Won't Go Away", New York Times op-ed, 24 May 2014. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
47. "Dominique Strauss-Kahn embarks on new career as investment banker". Financial Times.
48. Patel, Sisal S. "Former J.P. Morgan banker challenges regulators, and other banking reads", MarketWatch, 20 March 2014. Retrieved 2014-03-20.
49. "FRANCE 2 - Programmes, vidéos et replay - Pluzz FRANCE 2". www.france.tv.
50. Julia Amalia Heyer (31 March 2011). "IMF Boss May Challenge Sarkozy for French Presidency". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
51. Samuel, Henry (17 May 2011). "Second wife says New York sex attack 'unthinkable'". Telegraph. London. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
52. "IMF chief and Georgetown resident charged in NYC assault of maid". Georgetown dish. 16 May 2011.
53. Brian Love (15 May 2011). "Strauss-Kahn, France's would-be president". Reuters. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
54. Willsher, Kim; Gallagher, Paul (15 May 2011). "Dominique Strauss-Kahn accused of sex attack on maid". The Guardian. London.
55. Boris Thiolay (5 November 2011). "D'où vient le riad du couple DSK-Sinclair?". L'Express.
56. Strauss-Kahn Bailouts Give IMF Chief Popularity Over Sarkozy By Richard Tomlinson and Sandrine Rastello - 26 January 2011 12:01 AM GMT Bloomberg Markets Magazine
57. Hudson, John (24 May 2011). "Washingtonian's Fawning Strauss-Kahn Profile Gets a Rewrite". The Atlantic Wire. Archived from the original on 12 August 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
58. Dominique Strauss-Kahn zeigt seine Neue - Die Welt
59. Dominique Strauss-Kahn sur tyule tapis rouge de Cannes , Le Figaro, 25 May 2013
60. Samuel, Henry (17 December 2015). "DSK 'has a five-year-old love child born while he was still IMF chief'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
61. Dominique Strauss-Kahn accuser gives first interview BBC News 25 July 2011
62. Rushe, Dominic (25 July 2011). "Strauss-Kahn Accuser Breaks Silence". The Guardian. London.
63. Hossenbal, Mark (19 May 2011). "Exclusive: Sofitel waited hour to report crime: source". Reuters.com.
64. Rosen, Jeff (20 May 2011). "Ex IMF chief Strauss-Kahn gears up for release from jail". NBC News News. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
65. "Dominique Strauss-Kahn DNA 'linked to maid'". BBC. 24 May 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
66. "Ex-IMF chief Strauss-Kahn pleads not guilty at arraignment". CNN. 6 June 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
67. Dwyer, Jim; Rashbaum, William K.; Eligon, John (30 June 2011). "Strauss-Kahn Case Seen as in Jeopardy". nyt. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
68. KPeters_from_UK 1 July 2011 2:17 PM EDT (25 May 2011). "DA: Strauss-Kahn accuser cleaned after encounter". CBS News. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
69. Saletan, William (23 August 2011). "Frame the Victim: Prosecutors oversold the case against Dominique Strauss-Kahn. Now they're overselling the case against his accuser". Slate. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
70. Roberts, Robin (18 August 2011). "DSK Accuser Nafissatou Diallo: Full Interview [33:42]". ABC News. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
71. John Eligon (1 July 2011). "Strauss-Kahn Released as Case Teeters". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
72. Eligon, John (23 August 2011). "Judge Orders Dismissal of Charges Against Strauss-Kahn". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
73. Wall Street Journal (22 August 2011). "DA Moves to Abandon Strauss-Kahn Charges". wsj.com. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
74. "All charges against Dominique Strauss-Kahn dismissed". LA Times. 23 August 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
75. The People of the State of New York (22 August 2011). "Recommendation for Dismissal of Strauss-Kahn Case". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
76. Fraser, Christian (18 September 2011). "Dominique Strauss-Kahn rues New York hotel maid liaison". BBC News. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
77. Vera Chinese; Daniel Beekman (10 December 2012). "Chambermaid Nafissatou Diallo and Dominique Strauss-Kahn settle civil lawsuits stemming from alleged hotel rape". Daily News (New York). Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013. 'I thank everyone who supported me all over the world,' Diallo says leaving courthouse
78. "French author Tristane Banon vows to sue Dominique Strauss-Kahn". The Australian. 21 September 2011.
79. Chung, Jen (16 September 2011). "Dominique Strauss-Kahn Admits He Tried To Kiss French Writer". Gothamist. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
80. "French Strauss-Kahn sex assault probe dropped". Reuters. 13 October 2011. Archived from the original on 12 August 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
81. Cazi, Emeline (13 October 2011). "La plainte de Tristane Banon contre Dominique Strauss-Kahn classée sans suite". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 12 August 2013.
82. "DSK investigated over prostitution allegations". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 27 March 2012.
83. "French prosecutor drops Strauss-Kahn 'gang rape' probe". CNN. 2 October 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
84. Willsher, Kim (26 July 2013). "Dominique Strauss-Kahn to stand trial for pimping, French prosecutors say". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
85. Breeden, Aurelien (13 June 2015). "Dominique Strauss-Kahn Acquitted of Pimping Charges". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 June 2015.

External links

• IMF Official Biography
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Dominique Strauss-Kahn on Charlie Rose
• Dominique Strauss-Kahn collected news and commentary at The Guardian
• "Dominique Strauss-Kahn collected news and commentary". The New York Times.

National Assembly of France
Preceded by Yves Sautier	Deputy of the National Assembly for Haute-Savoie 1986–1988	Succeeded by Michel Meylan
Political offices
Preceded by Raymond Lamontagne	Mayor of Sarcelles 1995–1997	Succeeded by François Pupponi
Preceded by Jean Arthuis	Minister of Finance 1997–1999	Succeeded by Christian Sautter
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Rodrigo Rato	Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund 2007–2011	Succeeded by John Lipsky Acting