Daniela Silivaș

Daniela Viorica Silivaș-Harper (Romanian pronunciation: [daniˈela siliˈvaʃ]; born 9 May 1972), best known as Daniela Silivaș, is a Romanian former artistic gymnast who is most famous for winning six medals (three gold, two silver, and one bronze) at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. In her five-year tenure as a member of the Romanian senior national team, Silivaș earned six individual World Championships titles as well as the 1987 European Championships all-around title. She was the only gymnast, male or female, to medal in every single event at the 1988 Olympics, where she earned seven perfect 10 scores. She was known for her technical excellence, difficult routines, charming performances, and artistic flair.[2]

Daniela Silivaș
Silivaș in 1987
Personal information
Full name	Viorica Daniela Silivaș-Harper
Nickname(s)	Dana
Country represented	Romania
Born	(1972-05-09) 9 May 1972 Deva, Romania
Residence	Marietta, Georgia, U.S.
Height	1.45 m (4 ft 9 in)
Weight	38 kg (84 lb)
Discipline	Women's artistic gymnastics
Level	Senior International Elite
Years on national team	5 (1985–1989) (senior)
Gym	Deva National Training Center
Head coach(es)	Adrian Goreac, Maria Cosma, Octavian Bellu[1]
Former coach(es)	Béla Károlyi, Márta Károlyi
Music	1985–1986: "Turkey in the Straw"/"Cotton Eye Joe" 1987: "Ochi Chernye"/"Dark Eyes" 1988: "Macho Mozart" by the Latin Rascals 1989: "Ciuleandra"
Eponymous skills	Silivaș mount (balance beam) Silivaș (floor)
Retired	1991
Medal record Olympic Games 1988 Seoul Uneven Bars 1988 Seoul Balance Beam 1988 Seoul Floor Exercise 1988 Seoul Team 1988 Seoul All-Around 1988 Seoul Vault World Championships 1985 Montreal Balance Beam 1987 Rotterdam Team 1987 Rotterdam Uneven Bars 1987 Rotterdam Floor Exercise 1989 Stuttgart Uneven Bars 1989 Stuttgart Balance Beam 1989 Stuttgart Floor Exercise 1985 Montreal Team 1989 Stuttgart Team 1987 Rotterdam All-Around World Cup Final 1986 Beijing All-Around 1986 Beijing Balance Beam 1986 Beijing Uneven Bars European Championships 1987 Moscow All-Around 1987 Moscow Uneven Bars 1987 Moscow Balance Beam 1987 Moscow Floor Exercise 1989 Brussels Floor Exercise 1987 Moscow Vault 1989 Brussels All-Around 1989 Brussels Uneven Bars 1985 Helsinki Floor Exercise 1989 Brussels Balance Beam

In 1989, Silivaș's training was hampered by a knee injury and by the closure of the Deva National Training Center during the Romanian Revolution. She retired in 1991 and moved to the United States, where she is now a gymnastics coach. In 2002, she was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame.[3]

Early life and career

Silivaș was born in Deva, Romania, on 9 May 1972. She began gymnastics at age 6 and was coached by Béla Károlyi for six months before his defection in 1981. Silivaș won her school's championships in 1980, and was the Romanian junior national champion in 1981 and 1982. She continued to compete in various junior meets through 1984, with a particularly strong showing at the 1984 Junior European Championships, where she won the balance beam title, earned silver medals on the uneven bars and floor exercise, and placed fourth in the all-around. At the 1984 Junior Friendship Tournament (Druzhba), she won gold medals in the all-around and uneven bars over a strong field that included future Olympic and World medalists Svetlana Boguinskaya, Aurelia Dobre, and Dagmar Kersten.[4][5]

Senior career

Age falsification

In 1985, the Romanian Gymnastics Federation changed Silivaș's birth year from 1972 to 1970 to make her age eligible for the World Championships in Montreal. The falsification was suspected by some, but was never proven until Silivaș herself revealed it in 2002. She stated that she was never consulted about the matter: officials simply gave her a new passport, called her attention to the birth date, and informed her that she was now 15.[6][7][8][9]

1985–1987

Although she was only 13 at the 1985 Worlds, Silivaș scored a perfect 10 en route to capturing the balance beam title, defeating the reigning Olympic champion, her teammate Ecaterina Szabo, in the process. She finished behind reigning co-world champion Yelena Shushunova in the individual all-around at the 1986 World Cup and quickly established herself as the leader of the Romanian gymnastics team.[8][10]

Silivaș's greatest triumph took place at the 1987 European Gymnastics Championships in Moscow, where she won the individual all-around, uneven bars, balance beam and floor exercise titles in addition to taking a silver medal on the vault. At the time, every dominant nation in women's gymnastics was located in Europe, and winning the European title over a deep field of Soviet, East German, and Bulgarian gymnasts was a major victory.[4]

Silivaș at the 1987 World Championships

At the 1987 World Championships in Rotterdam, Silivaș helped the Romanian squad win the team title, defeating the Soviet team for the first time since 1979. She was a favorite for the all-around title, but—hampered by low scores carried over from the team optionals, where she had fallen off the balance beam, as well as a shaky uneven bars routine in the all-around—she only managed to win the bronze medal behind teammate Aurelia Dobre and Shushunova. In the event finals, she won gold medals on the uneven bars and floor exercise.[10]

1988 Olympics

At the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, the Romanian team finished second to the Soviets. Individually, Silivaș was one of the favorites, along with Dobre and Shushunova, for the all-around title.[11]

The all-around was a hotly anticipated battle between Silivaș, the technician and dancer, and Shushunova, the powerhouse and tumbler. Both received scores of 10.0 on floor. Shushunova received her second 10.0 on vault; Silivaș received hers on the uneven bars. Silivaș was in the lead entering the final rotation, but a score of 9.950 on the vault dropped her to second place, 0.025 behind Shushunova.[12]

Silivaș's score on vault came under particular scrutiny. Of the six judges on the panel, three gave her first vault a 10.0; two others gave her 9.9s. However, the Soviet judge on the panel, Nellie Kim, gave her a 9.8. On her second vault, Silivaș took a hop on her landing; all six judges gave her 9.9s. Silivaș was visibly upset after Shushunova's scores were posted and at the medal ceremony; according to a report in International Gymnast, she said, "After my last vault, I thought maybe I should be the champion."[12] However, she did not argue the results publicly. Her former coach, Bela Károlyi, noted, "This kid had the honesty and decency to shut up. She didn’t want to say 'I’m better' because she knows Shushunova is the Olympic champion, but she couldn’t praise a rival. So she just didn’t say a word. These kids have more decency than all the judges and coaches in the world."[13]

In spite of the controversy, no score protests were ever filed by Silivaș, her coaches, or her federation, and no disciplinary measures were taken against any of the judges. In addition, even though Kim's first mark was considered questionable by many fans, it did not figure into Silivaș's final score: in 1988, the highest and lowest marks of the panel were dropped, and the final score was the average of the remaining four marks. Also, in spite of her vault score, Silivaș's all-around total was higher than that of Shushunova: if the competition had been held under the New Life rule, she would have won. In the third rotation, Shushunova was awarded 10s for her floor exercise by every judge except the Romanian judge, who gave her a 9.9, which did not count towards her final score.[14]

Silivaș returned in the event finals to win gold medals on the uneven bars, floor, and beam, as well as bronze on vault behind Soviet Svetlana Boguinskaya (gold) and teammate Gabriela Potorac (silver). In doing this, she became the only gymnast in Seoul to win medals in every event (team, all-around, and the four apparatus finals). She also equaled Nadia Comăneci's record of seven perfect 10 scores in a single Olympic Games.[15]

Post-Olympics

Despite a serious knee injury in 1989, Silivaș successfully defended her floor exercise title at the European Championships and won three additional medals. In the all-around, she placed second to Svetlana Boguinskaya. Still injured, she went to the 1989 World Championships, where she placed 12th in the all-around after falling from the balance beam. In event finals, however, she captured three more gold medals on the bars, beam, and floor.[10]

After several more competitions in 1989, Silivaș underwent surgery on her knee. She intended to start training again afterwards, but the National Training Center at Deva was closed during the Romanian Revolution of 1989, putting an early end to her career.

Life after gymnastics

Silivaș retired from gymnastics in 1991 and moved to the United States, settling in Atlanta.[9][16] In 2002, she was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame; she still holds the record as the youngest gymnast to receive this honor.[17]

Silivaș works full-time as a gymnastics coach in Sandy Springs, Georgia. In May 2003, she married Scott Harper, a sports management graduate living in the Atlanta area. The couple have three children: two sons, Jadan Scott (born April 8, 2004) and Rylan Bryce Harper (born October 2009), and a daughter, Ava Luciana (born November 8, 2005). They live in Marietta, Georgia.[4][9][18]

Skills

The hallmarks of Silivaș's gymnastics were her impeccable form and execution, difficulty, and expressive dance. Many of the skills she performed in the 1988 Olympics still carry high difficulty ratings in the Code of Points today including the "Silivas" on floor, which is a double-twisting double back tucked somersault and has the third highest difficulty assignment of "H" in women's gymnastics. Between 1985 and 1988, the highlights of Silivaș's routines included:

Vault

• Tucked Yurchenko full
• Layout Yurchenko full

Uneven bars

• Stalder 1/2 pirouette directly into Endo 1/2 pirouette
• Straddled Deltchev
• Straddled Tkatchev
• Shaposhnikova transition
• Free hip frontaway to front 1/2 dismount

Balance beam

• The "Silivaș" mount: shoulder stand–pirouette to chest stand
• Back handspring, two layout step-outs
• Back handspring, layout on two feet
• Aerial front walkover
• Double back tuck dismount

Floor exercise

• "Back to back" tumbling: Round-off, back handspring, double twist, punch front, round-off, back handspring, double twist, punch front.
• Triple twist
• Double twisting double back tuck ("Silivaș")
• Tucked full-in
• Piked full-in
• Double back tuck
• Double tour–double pirouette
• The "Silivaș" skill, which involved spinning on the ankles

See also

• List of multiple Olympic medalists at a single Games
• List of Olympic female gymnasts for Romania
• List of top Olympic gymnastics medalists
• List of top medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships

References

1. Daniela Viorica Silivas. Romanian Olympic Committee
2. Daniela Silivas, Class of 2002, International Gymnastics Hall of Fame. youtube.com
3. International Gymnastics Hall of Fame Daniela Silivas – Romania Archived May 4, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
4. "Whatever happened to Daniela Silivas?". Gymnastics Greats. 2001–2005. Archived from the original on October 30, 2010. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
5. "Results from 198 Druzhba competition". Gymn-Forum. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
6. "Daniela Silivas discusses her age". ProSport. June 30, 2002. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
7. "Romanian gymnasts lied about age". CNN/Sports Illustrated. April 18, 2002. Archived from the original on October 11, 2002. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
8. "Profile at the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame". International Gymnastics Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on October 30, 2007. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
9. Daniela Silivaș. sports-reference.com
10. "List of competitive results". Gymn-Forum. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
11. "The Games, From Archery to Yachting: Gymnastics". New York Times. September 11, 1988. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
12. "It's History: IG Looks back at the 1988 Olympics". International Gymnast. 1998. Archived from the original on December 6, 2007. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
13. Mifflin, Lawrie (September 26, 1988). "Who's the Best? Mum's the Word". New York Times. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
14. "Scores from 1988 Olympics AA". Gymn-Forum. Archived from the original on January 24, 2009. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
15. "Twenty-five years of perfection". International Gymnast. July 18, 2001. Archived from the original on August 28, 2001. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
16. "Daniela Silivaș, 10 years later". Gazeta Sporturilor. 2001. Archived from the original on August 8, 2009. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
17. "Hall of Fame celebration continues". International Gymnast. June 2002. Archived from the original on July 21, 2002. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
18. "Daniela Silivas". International Gymnast. 2004. Archived from the original on May 8, 2004. Retrieved December 26, 2007.

External links

• Daniela Silivaş at the International Gymnastics Federation
• Daniela Silivas at the International Olympic Committee
• Daniela Silivas at the Comitetul Olimpic și Sportiv Român (in Romanian)
• Daniela Silivaș at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived)
• List of competitive results at Gymn Forum
• Silivaș(Floor Exercise skills)
• Ultima mare reprezentaţie a Danielei Silivaş, 3 noiembrie 2009, Marius Mihalcea, Jurnalul Național