Larisa Latynina

Larisa Semyonovna Latynina (Ukrainian: Лариса Семенівна Латиніна, Russian: Лари́са Семёновна Латы́нина; née Diriy; born 27 December 1934) is a former Soviet artistic gymnast from southern Ukraine, a Russian citizen. Between 1956 and 1964 she won 14 individual Olympic medals and four team medals. She holds the record for the most Olympic gold medals by a gymnast, male or female, with 9. Her total of 18 Olympic medals was a record for 48 years. She held the record for individual event medals with 14 for 52 years. She is credited with helping to establish the Soviet Union as a dominant force in gymnastics.[2]

Larisa Latynina
Latynina in the Kremlin in 2010
Personal information
Full name	Larisa Semyonovna Latynina
Country represented	Soviet Union
Born	(1934-12-27) 27 December 1934 Kherson, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union[1]
Height	161 cm (5 ft 3 in)[1]
Weight	52 kg (115 lb)[1]
Discipline	Artistic gymnastics
Level	Senior international
Gym	Round Lake national training center Burevestnik Kyiv[1]
Retired	1966
Medal record Representing  Soviet Union International gymnastics championships and games Event 1st 2nd 3rd Olympic Games 9 5 4 World Championships 9 4 1 European Championships 7 6 1 Total 25 15 6 Olympic Games 1956 Melbourne Team 1956 Melbourne All-Around 1956 Melbourne Vault 1956 Melbourne Floor exercise 1960 Rome Team 1960 Rome All-around 1960 Rome Floor exercise 1964 Tokyo Team 1964 Tokyo Floor exercise 1956 Melbourne Uneven bars 1960 Rome Uneven bars 1960 Rome Balance beam 1964 Tokyo All-around 1964 Tokyo Vault 1956 Melbourne Team, apparatus 1960 Rome Vault 1964 Tokyo Uneven bars 1964 Tokyo Balance beam World Championships 1954 Rome Team 1958 Moscow Team 1958 Moscow All-around 1958 Moscow Vault 1958 Moscow Uneven bars 1958 Moscow Balance beam 1962 Prague Team 1962 Prague All-around 1962 Prague Floor exercise 1958 Moscow Floor exercise 1962 Prague Vault 1962 Prague Balance beam 1966 Dortmund Team 1962 Prague Uneven bars European Championships 1957 Bucharest All-around 1957 Bucharest Vault 1957 Bucharest Uneven bars 1957 Bucharest Balance beam 1957 Bucharest Floor exercise 1961 Leipzig All-around 1961 Leipzig Floor exercise 1961 Leipzig Uneven bars 1961 Leipzig Balance beam 1965 Sofia All-around 1965 Sofia Uneven bars 1965 Sofia Balance beam 1965 Sofia Floor exercise 1965 Sofia Vault

Early life

She was born as Larisa Semyonovna Diriy in Soviet Ukraine.[1] Her father, Semyon Andreyevich Diriy, left the family when she was 11 months old, and she was raised by her illiterate mother, who worked as a cleaner during the day, and as a watchman during the night. Her father was killed at the Battle of Stalingrad, where he served as a machine gun operator.[3] She first practiced ballet, but turned to gymnastics after her choreographer moved out of Kherson. She graduated from high school in 1953, and moved to Kiev. She attended the Lenin Polytechnic Institute, and continued her training at the Burevestnik Voluntary Sports Society. At the age of 19, she debuted internationally at the 1954 Rome World Championships, winning the gold medal in the team competition.

Gymnastics career

Latynina during the vault award ceremony at the 1964 Olympics

Latynina, aged only 21, made her Olympic debut at Melbourne Games in 1956. In the all-around event, she fought off stiff competition to win gold. She finished first in the vault, second in the uneven bars and in the exercise on the floor, and fourth in the balancing beam. She also led the Soviet Union in Team Event to victory.

After a very successful World Championships in 1958 (winning five out of six titles despite competing whilst four months pregnant and medaling in every event), Latynina was the favorite for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.[4] In the all-around event she led the Soviet Union to take the first four places, thereby also securing a win in the team competition by a margin of nine points. Latynina defended her floor title, took silver medals in the balance beam and uneven bars events, and bronze in the vault competition.

Latynina won all-around titles at the 1962 World Championships, beating Věra Čáslavská of Czechoslovakia. Still the defending World Champion at the 1964 Summer Olympics, she was beaten by Čáslavská in the all-around competition. Latynina added two more gold medals to her tally, winning the team event and the floor event both for the third time in a row. A silver medal and two bronzes in the other apparatus events brought her total of Olympic medals to eighteen—nine gold medals, five silver and four bronze. She won a medal in every event in which she competed, except for the 1956 balance beam where she came in fourth.

Latynina's nine gold medals makes her second on the list of most Olympic gold medalists. She held the distinction of having more Olympic medals (either individually or with a team) than anybody, from 1964 until 2012. She is the only woman to have won nine gold medals.[5] She is also the only female athlete who at some point has held the record for most Olympic gold medals. Additionally, within the sport of gymnastics, she is the only woman who has won an all-around medal in more than two Olympiads, the only woman who has won an individual event (floor exercise) in more than two Olympiads, and one of only three women who have won every individual event at either the World Championship or Olympic level. She is the only female gymnast to have twice won team gold, all-around gold and an event final gold at the same Olympics, having done so in 1956 and four years later, in 1960.

Family

She was born to Pelageya Anisimovna Barabamyuk (1902–1975) and Semyon Andreevich Diriy (1906–1943), who died in the Battle of Stalingrad. Larisa was married three times.[6] Her last and current husband is Yuri Izrailovich Feldman (b. 1938), a member of the Russian Academy of Electrotechnical Sciences and a former competitive cyclist. Her daughter from a former marriage, Tatyana Ivanovna Latynina (b. 1958), is a folk dancer. She was born only five months after her mother won a world all-around title, and seven months after her birth Latynina competed at the national championships. Latynina kept her pregnancy a secret, even from her coach. She also had a son.[7][6][8]

Retirement

Latynina retired after the 1966 World Championships and became a coach for the Soviet national gymnastics team, a position she held until 1977.[8] Under her coaching the Soviet women won team gold in the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Olympics.[4] She organized the gymnastics competition at the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow.

She is a citizen of Russia, and lives in an estate near the town of Semenovskoye.

Awards and honors

1989: Olympic Order (silver), International Olympic Committee
1998: Inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame[9]

See also

• List of multiple Olympic gold medalists
• List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games
• List of multiple Olympic medalists at a single Games
• List of multiple Summer Olympic medalists
• List of top Olympic gymnastics medalists
• List of top medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
• List of Olympic female gymnasts for the Soviet Union
• List of women who won medals in every event at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships

References

1. Larisa Latynina. sports-reference.com
2. "Legendary Olympians". CNN. 19 August 2008.
3. Лариса Латынина: «Я ушла от мужа к человеку, о котором не хочу даже вспоминать». 7Days.ru (in Russian). April 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
4. Nick Zaccardi; Gennady Fyodorov (10 July 2012). "With her all-time record set to fall, little-known Latynina looks back". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
5. Wallechinsky, David; Jaime Loucky (2008). The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. Aurum Press. p. 702. ISBN 978-1-84513-330-6.
6. Латынина, Лариса Семёновна. Encyclopedic Dictionary
7. Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Larisa Latynina". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020.
8. Лариса Латынина – биография. bestpeopleofrussia.ru
9. "Larissa Latynina – The International Gymnastics Hall of Fame". International Gymnastics Hall of Fame. Retrieved 1 August 2012.

Bibliography

• Larisa Latynina (1975). The Balance (in Russian). Moscow: Molodaya gvardiya. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.

External links

• Life Magazine images
• International Olympic Committee's profile on Latynina at the Wayback Machine (archived 12 December 2010)
• Larisa Latynina at the International Olympic Committee
• Larissa LATYNINA at the International Gymnastics Federation
• International Gymnast's profile on Latynina
• Gymn Forum: Complete list of Latynina's competitive results
• profile on DatabaseOlympics.com
• Larisa Latynina's profile in the Modern Museum of Sports includes photos of her and some of her decorations (in Russian)

Records
Preceded by Edoardo Mangiarotti	Most career Olympic medals 1964–2012	Succeeded by Michael Phelps
Preceded by Ágnes Keleti	Most career Olympic medals by a woman 1964 – current	Incumbent