Cunninghame

Cunninghame (Scottish Gaelic: Coineagan) is a former comital district of Scotland and also a district of the Strathclyde Region from 1975–1996.

Map of Scotland showing the historic district of Cunninghame

Historic Cunninghame

The origin of the name is uncertain. However a possible derivation (along with the surname Cunningham) is from coineanach which means 'rabbit' in Gaelic and the Saxon ham which means 'village'. The rabbits, "coneys", in the coat of arms are a pun for "koenig", meaning "king." Irvine, a former capital of Scotland, was the capital of Cunninghame, indicating its status as a royal burgh. The family crest includes the unicorn, which is restricted to the Crown, and Clans Cunningham, Oliphant, and Ramsay.

Coat of arms of the chief of Clan Cunningham

Around 500 A.D. a group of Teutonic (German) peoples had spelled the name as Konigheim; Koening (king) with Heim (home); properly signifying "Cunningham" or Konigheim as the "King's Home."[1]

The historic district of Cunninghame was bordered by the districts of Renfrew and Clydesdale to the north and east respectively, by the district of Kyle to the south over the River Irvine and by the Firth of Clyde to the west.

Cunninghame as the northernmost district of Ayrshire

Cunninghame became one of the three districts or bailieries of Ayrshire, the shire or sheriffdom of Ayr. Cunninghame was in the north, along the River Irvine; Kyle was in the centre, along the River Ayr; and Carrick was in the south, along the River Doon. By the eighteenth century Ayrshire had become one of the counties of Scotland, with the three bailieries being described as "districts" or "divisions" of the county, although they had no formal administrative existence.

In the late nineteenth century the "territorial division" was described as comprising the civil parishes of Ardrossan, Beith, Dalry, Dreghorn, Fenwick, Irvine, North Ayrshire, Kilbirnie, West Kilbride, Kilmarnock, Kilmaurs, Kilwinning, Largs, Loudoun, Stevenston, Stewarton and part of Dunlop.[2]

The Cunninghame poor law combination was formed in the 1850s with a poorhouse at Irvine but had a different area from the ancient district.[3]

Local government district
Cunninghame 1975 to 1996
The arms of Cunninghame District Council

The name was revived for one of nineteen districts of the Strathclyde region of Scotland, formed by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 in 1975.[4] The district was formed from parts of the counties of Ayr and Bute, namely:

The Cunninghame District Council was granted a coat of arms by Lord Lyon King of Arms in 1979. The main feature of the arms was a black "shakefork" from the arms of Clan Cunningham. To the left was the arms of the former royal burgh of Irvine, based on the crest of the royal arms of Scotland, and said to have been granted to the town by King David I. To the right was an ancient ship which had appeared in the arms of both Bute County Council and Arran District Council. Above the shakefork was a leopard's head holding in its mouth a weaver's shuttle. this represented the weaving industry of the inland parts of the district. Such an emblem appeared in Scottish arms grants to weaving societies and associations, and in the armorial bearings of the Worshipful Company of Weavers of the City of London. The motto was Sense and Worth, and the arms were completed by a gold coronet of a design reserved by Lord Lyon to district councils, topped by thistle-heads.

The district was abolished in 1996 by the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, when the system of regions and districts was replaced by unitary council areas. The area of the Cunninghame district (including Arran) became North Ayrshire council area. The name Cunninghame still exists though as two constituencies in the Scottish Parliament, namely Cunninghame North and Cunninghame South.

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See also

References
  1. "Clan Cunningham Society of America".
  2. Frances Groome, Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland, 1882-4, (Vision of Britain)
  3. "Cunninghame Combination, Ayrshire (www.workhouses.org.uk)". Archived from the original on 2007-03-22. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
  4. Cunninghame, Undiscovered Scotland
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