Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon

The Collegiate Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon is a Grade I listed[3] parish church of the Church of England in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. It is often known simply as Holy Trinity Church or as Shakespeare's Church, due to its fame as the place of baptism, marriage and burial of William Shakespeare. More than 200,000 tourists visit the church each year.[4]

Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon
The church from the South West
CountryUnited Kingdom
DenominationChurch of England
ChurchmanshipBroad Church
Websitewww.stratford-upon-avon.org/index.html
History
DedicationHoly Trinity
Administration
ParishStratford-upon-Avon
DioceseCoventry
ProvinceCanterbury
Clergy
Vicar(s)Patrick Taylor[1]
Curate(s)Kay Dyer[1]
Laity
Director of musicDouglas Keilitz[2]
Organist(s)Stephen Dodsworth[2]
The church from the east
Holy Trinity's east window from the exterior, depicting St Andrew

History
Holy Trinity's window from inside

The past building dates from 1210 and is built on the site of a Saxon monastery. It is Stratford's oldest building, is situated on the banks of the River Avon, and is one of England's most visited churches.[5] In the fourteenth century, John de Stratford founded a chantry, which was rebuilt between 1465 and 1491 by Dean Thomas Balshall, who is buried at the Church.[6][7] The building is believed to have originally had a wooden spire, which was replaced by William Hiorne in 1763.[6]

Holy Trinity contains many interesting features, including:

  • A 14th-century sanctuary knocker in the church's porch (built c. 1500)
  • Twenty-six 15th-century misericord seats in the chancel, with religious, secular and mythical carvings
  • Several large stained glass windows featuring major English and Biblical saints at the church's east and west ends
  • The American window in St Peter's Chapel, unveiled in 1896 and inscribed "The Gift of America to Shakespeare's Church"
  • Copies of the baptismal and burial records of William Shakespeare

The carved scenes of the life of Jesus around Balshall's tomb were mutilated during the Reformation, as were most images of Christ. Notable 'survivors' include a remarkable face of Christ or possibly God the Father within a sedilia canopy, and some beautiful medieval stained glass depicting the Resurrection and Ascension of Christ and the Day of Pentecost. The pre-Reformation stone altar slab or mensa was found hidden beneath the floor in Victorian times and has now been re-instated as the High Altar.

Organ

The church has a large three manual pipe organ which dates from 1841 by the organ builder William Hill. It has undergone several restorations by Hill, Norman and Beard, and Nicholson and now has two separate sections. The Great and Swell 1 and Pedal 1 divisions are high on the wall above the arch into the tower crossing and face West. The Choir and Swell 2 and Pedal 2 divisions are at ground level between the St Peter Chapel and the south aisle. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.[8] The organ case was designed by George Frederick Bodley and Thomas Garner.

List of organists

List of assistant organists
  • E. A. Sydenham, ca. 1864[14]
  • Henry Bromley Derry, 1903–1908[15] (later organist of All Saints Church, Ealing).
  • Stephen Dodsworth, 1991–2019
  • Darren Oliver, 2009–2013 (jointly with Stephen Dodsworth)
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Current status

The church is open to visitors for much of the year. A small contribution is requested to access the chancel and sanctuary in which Shakespeare is buried. Holy Trinity is a member of the Greater Churches Group. The Royal Shakespeare Company performed Henry VIII in the church in 2006 as part of the Complete Works Festival. It is an active parish church serving a parish of some 17,000 people. Features of interest aside from Shakespeare include a sandstone obelisk erected in 1858 in memory of printer and botanist William Cheshire.[16]

Shakespeare
Shakespeare's funerary monument, Holy Trinity Church

William Shakespeare, poet and playwright, was baptised in Holy Trinity on 26 April 1564 and was buried there on 25 April 1616.[17] The church still possesses the original Elizabethan register giving details of his baptism and burial, though it is kept by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust for safekeeping. He is buried in the beautiful 15th-century chancel built by Thomas Balsall, Dean of the Collegiate Church, who was buried within it in 1491. Shakespeare was eligible to be buried in the chancel owing to his position as a 'lay rector' of the church, as Peter Ackroyd explains, this was due to his leasing of tithes from the church. This entitlement was taken either at his behest or on his behalf.[18] Shakespeare's funerary monument is fixed on a wall alongside his burial place. The funerary monument was renovated in 1746 through proceeds from a production of Othello, the first recorded performance of a Shakespeare play in Stratford-upon-Avon.[19]

Shakespeare would have come to Holy Trinity every week when he was in town, i.e. all through his childhood and on his return to live at New Place. His wife Anne Hathaway is buried next to him along with his eldest daughter Susanna. The day after Shakespeare signed his Last Will and Testament on 25 March 1616 in a 'shaky hand', William's son-in-law, Thomas Quiney was found guilty in the church court of fathering an illegitimate son, who had recently died in childbirth, by a Margaret Wheler. Quiney was ordered to do public penance within the church. Within a month Shakespeare was dead, his funeral and burial being held at Holy Trinity on 25 April 1616.

Above the grave, a badly eroded stone slab displays his epitaph:

GOOD FRIEND FOR JESUS SAKE FOREBEAR,
TO DIGG THE DVST ENCLOSED HERE.
BLESTE BE YE MAN YT SPARES THESE STONES,
AND CURSED BE HE YT MOVES MY BONES.

Shakespeare's grave

It has been claimed by at least one textbook author that the warning has served to prevent both the removal of Shakespeare's body to Westminster Abbey and the exhumation of his body for examination.[20]

The grave of Shakespeare's wife Anne is next to her husband's. The inscription states, "Here lyeth the body of Anne wife of William Shakespeare who departed this life the 6th day of August 1623 being of the age of 67 years." A Latin inscription followed which translates as "Breasts, O mother, milk and life thou didst give. Woe is me - for how great a boon shall I give stones? How much rather would I pray that the good angel should move the stone so that, like Christ's body, thine image might come forth! But my prayers are unavailing. Come quickly, Christ, that my mother, though shut within this tomb may rise again and reach the stars."[21] The inscription may have been written by John Hall on behalf of his wife, Anne's daughter, Susanna.[22]

Extension

In January 2015, planning permission was granted for an extension next to the South Aisle of the church to provide a new vestry, WCs and storage space.[23] Construction began in 2015 and it was opened on 17 April 2016.[24][25] Designed by architect firm Stephen Oliver Architecture, the extension was built with local limestone.[25] A stained-glass window which was hidden by the organ also features in the extension.[26]

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References
  1. "The Clergy". Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon. n.d. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  2. "Music Staff". Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  3. Historic England. "Grade I (1187824)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
  4. Jordan, Mary (6 February 2007). "As Church Shows Its Age, Bard Is Still the Rage". The Washington Post. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  5. "Holy Trinity Church". Shakespeare's England. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  6. "The borough of Stratford-upon-Avon: Churches and charities". British History Online. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  7. Wivell, Abraham (1827). An Historical account of the Monumental Bust of William Shakspeare in the Chancel of the Church at Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. p. 6. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  8. "The National Pipe Organ Register - NPOR". www.npor.org.uk.
  9. Worcester Journal, 15 July 1847.
  10. Leamington Spa Courier, 13 September 1851.
  11. Leamington Spa Courier, 21 March 1868.
  12. Kelly's Directory (1900), p. 234.
  13. The Boston Composers Project By Linda Solow Blotner, Linda Solow, The Boston Area Libraries.
  14. Robert E. Hunter, Shakespeare and Stratford-upon-Avon, a "Chronicle of the Time" (1864).
  15. Dictionary of Organs and Organists. First Edition. 1912. p. 268.
  16. Nicholson, Jean et al: The Obelisks of Warwickshire, page 37. Brewin Books, 2013
  17. Pogue, Kate (2006). Shakespeare's Friends. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1. ISBN 9780275989569. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  18. Peter Ackroyd (2006). Shakespeare: The Biography. Vintage. pp. 414–. ISBN 978-0-7493-8655-9.
  19. "The borough of Stratford-upon-Avon: Shakespearean festivals and theatres". British History Online. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  20. Dunton, Larkin (1896). The World and Its People. Silver, Burdett. pp. 52–3.
  21. Vbera, tu mater, tu lac, vitamque dedisti. / Vae mihi: pro tanto munere saxa dabo? / Quam mallem, amoueat lapidem, bonus angelus orem / Exeat [vt], christi corpus, imago tua~~ / Sed nil vota valent. venias citò Christe; resurget / Clausa licet tumulo mater et astra petet.
  22. Oxford Companion to Shakespeare, OUP, 2005, p.185
  23. "WebCite query result". www.webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 26 May 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  24. "WebCite query result". www.webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 26 May 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  25. "WebCite query result". www.webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  26. "WebCite query result". www.webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 26 May 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.

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