China–Netherlands relations
China – Netherlands relations officially began in November 1954.[1] In May 1972, diplomatic mission was increased to ambassadorial level.[1]
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History
![](../I/m/President_Xi_Jinping.jpg)
Sino-Dutch relations began prior to the founding of the People's Republic of China in the 17th and 18th century when Dutch traders of the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) setup trading post in Guangzhou and also in the western coast of Taiwan.[2] In the Sino–Dutch conflicts Ming dynasty China defeated the Dutch East India Company in a war over the Penghu islands from 1622–1624. The Ming dynasty forces under Zheng Zhilong defeated the Dutch again at the Battle of Liaoluo Bay in 1633, and Ming loyalists under Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) defeated the Dutch and expelled them from Taiwan in the 1662 Siege of Fort Zeelandia.
People's Republic of China–Netherlands began in 1954.[3] Due to the Netherlands government assistance with two submarines to Taiwan, the bilateral relationship was downgraded in May 1981 to the level of Chargé d'affaires.[1] It was until 1 February 1984, China and the Netherlands restored full diplomatic relations when the Netherlands agreed not to conduct trade in relation to defence hardware with Taiwan.[1]
Netherlands export to China includes petrochemicals, machinery, transport equipment, food, high technology and fossil fuels.[4] China's export to the Netherlands includes computer and consumer electronics, toys and clothes.[4][5][6]
In March 2014, Chinese President Xi Jinping made the first state visit of China to the Netherlands in history.[7]
Bilateral relations
Bilateral trade between the two countries have increased over the years. The Netherlands are China's third largest trade partner in the EU. The trade volume jumped last year has increased by 44.3 percent.[8] This is 4.6 billion euro in 2009.[4] China exported $36.7 billion to the Netherlands in 2009.[9]
Dutch enterprises have invested US$7.48 billion into 824 projects in China.[8]
Human rights criticisms
Persecution of Uyghurs in Xinjiang
In October 2019, British UN Ambassador Karen Pierce delivered a joint international statement on Xinjiang at the UN General Assembly’s Third Committee on Tuesday on behalf of 23 countries, including the Netherlands. The countries said they shared concerns raised by the United Nations International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination regarding “credible reports of mass detention; efforts to restrict cultural and religious practices; mass surveillance disproportionately targeting ethnic Uyghurs; and other human rights violations and abuses.” They called on China to comply with its national and international obligations to respect human rights, including freedom of religion, and allow UN human rights monitors access to detention centers.[10]
Hong Kong national security law
In June 2020, the Netherlands openly opposed the Hong Kong national security law[11]
See also
- Chinese people in the Netherlands
- Chinese people in Europe
- Dutchs people in China
- China–European Union relations
- Marc van der Chijs, Dutch co-founder of popular Chinese video-sharing website Tudou
References
- "China and the Netherlands". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- Author Yong Liu, (2007), The Dutch East India Company's tea trade with China, 1757–1781, Volume 6 of TANAP monographs on the history of the Asian-European interaction, BRILL, ISBN 90-04-15599-6, ISBN 978-90-04-15599-2, 277 pages, 17–89, 91–117
- "China Relations with Europe". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- "More goods exported to China, imports from China down". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2010.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Imports from China rising more slowly". Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- "Historisch bezoek Xi aan Nederland". NOS (in Dutch). 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- 1 Jul 2009, Background Information about the People's Republic of China Archived 18 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-12.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- Charbonneau, Louis (30 October 2019). %5b%5bHuman Rights Watch%5d%5d "Countries Blast China at UN Over Xinjiang Abuses" Check
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value (help). Retrieved 3 July 2020. - Lawler, Dave (2 July 2020). "The 53 countries supporting China's crackdown on Hong Kong". Axios. Retrieved 3 July 2020.