China–Palestine relations

The bilateral relationship between the People's Republic of China and the State of Palestine has a long history, dating back to the time of Mao. Mao's foreign policy was in support of Third World national liberation movements. In the post-Mao era, China continued to support the Palestinian Liberation Organization in international forums. China recognized the State of Palestine in 1988. Since 1992, China also established formal diplomatic relations with Israel and has since maintained a cordial relationship with both entities. Palestinian leaders Yasser Arafat and Mahmoud Abbas have both visited China in an official capacity. China does not consider Hamas a terrorist organization, and officially supports the creation of a "sovereign and independent Palestinian state" based on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital.

PRC-Palestinian relations

Palestine
China

History

After the victory of the Communist Party of China in the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed under Mao Zedong. The PRC recognized the State of Israel, but during the 1950s and 1960s, the PRC began to support the Arabs and Palestinians.

During the 1960s the PRC had strongly supported the destruction of Israel and its replacement with a Palestinian Arab State. The PRC strongly supported Yasser Arafat and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). China had also established close relations with the Fatah party as well. The Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong supported Palestinian armed groups such as the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) as well as the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP). The Palestinian Liberation Organization established a diplomatic office in China in May 1965.[1] After the PRC was admitted to the United Nations as a member in 1971, it continued to support the Palestinian cause. An embassy of the PLO was opened in Beijing during the summer of 1974.

The PRC strongly supported UN General Assembly Resolution 3379 which had equated Zionism with racism in 1975.[2](the resolution, however, was later revoked with Resolution 4686 in 1991, a vote for which China was absent)

After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 a new Chinese Communist Party leadership came to power. Deng Xiaoping reduced support for Palestinian militant groups. The PRC cut off support for Palestinian militant groups and supported the Camp David Accords in 1978.

The PRC still supported the Palestinians and it strongly supported the November 15, 1988, Palestinian Declaration of Independence by Yasser Arafat in Algiers, Algeria despite the objections by both Israel and the United States. The PRC recognised the new State of Palestine on 20 November 1988 and had established full diplomatic relations with it by the end of 1989.

China has assigned formal diplomatic staff to Palestine since 1990. Initially diplomatic affairs were conducted through the Chinese embassy in Tunisia. In December 1995, China has established a foreign office located in the Gaza Strip that acted as a de facto embassy and liaison office to the Palestinian Liberation Organization; however, the Ambassador to Tunisia continued to act as the main diplomatic officer to Palestine until 2008. In May 2004, the office, officially named Office of the People's Republic of China to the State of Palestine, was moved to Ramallah. The director of the office is accorded ambassadorial ranks in the Chinese foreign service.[3]

Contemporary relations

After Mao, the PRC has continued to support the Palestinian cause albeit in a more limited fashion. Under Deng's successors, the PRC has continued its relations with both Israel and the Arab States. Under Presidents Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, China has supported the Middle East peace process and the Oslo Accords in principle. Yasser Arafat visited China on 14 occasions. His successor Mahmoud Abbas has also visited China on multiple occasions.[1]

After the victory of Hamas, a Palestinian militant group that favored the restoration of historical Palestine in the 2006 Palestinian elections, China refused to call the group a terrorist organization and called them elected representatives of the Palestinian People. This statement was clarified by the PRC Foreign Ministry in January 2006. The PRC invited the Hamas Foreign Minister Mahmoud al-Zahar to attend the China-Arab Cooperation Forum in June 2006 ignoring protests by both the United States and Israel but received praise from Mahmoud Abbas.[4] After the 2008-2009 Gaza War, PRC Foreign Ministry Spokesman Qin Gang urged both parties to solve disputes through dialogue and denounces the use of military force in solving conflicts.[5] After the May 31, 2010 Gaza flotilla raid the PRC Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu strongly condemned Israel and urged Israel to seriously implement the UN Security Council resolutions and to improve the situation in the Gaza Strip by lifting the blockade.[6]

During the November 2012 Operation Pillar of Defense in the Gaza Strip, a spokesperson from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China told reporters in a news conference that China expressed "concern" to the clashes and urge all sides, particularly Israel, to display restraint and avoid civilian casualties.[7] On November 29, 2012, China voted in favor of UN General Assembly Resolution 67/19 Palestine to non-member observer state status in the United Nations.[8] During the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, PRC Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hong Lei on 9 July 2014 in response to the violence said: "We believe that to resort to force and to counter violence with violence will not help resolve problems other than pile up more hatred. We urge relevant parties to bear in mind the broader picture of peace and the lives of the people, immediately realize a ceasefire, stick to the strategic choice of peace talks and strive for an early resumption of talks."[9]

China voted in favor of UN Security Council Resolution 2334 condemning Israeli settlement building on the West Bank and typically takes positions sympathetic to the Palestinian cause at the United Nations. In early 2016, President Xi Jinping reasserted China's support for "the establishment of a Palestinian state with its capital being eastern Jerusalem" in a meeting with the Arab League. Xi also announced an aid project of 50 million yuan ($7.6 million) for a solar power stations in the Palestinian territories.[10]

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi called the lack of "an independent [Palestinian] state with full sovereignty" a "terrible injustice" in an April 2017 meeting between Palestinian Foreign Minister Riyad al-Maliki. Wang went on to say that China supports Palestinians' efforts to create an independent state based on the borders set before the 1967 Six-Day War as well as the establishment of its future capital in East Jerusalem.[11] In July 2017, Xi Jinping delivered a further formalization of China's positions in his "Four Points" on the "issue of Israel-Palestine conflict", the first of which was that China supported the establishment of an independent, sovereign Palestine within the framework of the two-state solution based on the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital.[12]

Human Rights

In June 2020, the State of Palestine backed the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.[13]

gollark: ~~also, overcomplicated syntax~~
gollark: ~~python has the same problems as coffeescript - scoping weirdness, mainly~~
gollark: ~~use typescript, which is JS+types~~
gollark: ~~coffeescript has flaws, too~~
gollark: Quick summary:- reliance on compiler magic instead of a decent type system (e.g. generics)- ridiculous tooling (has its own assembly language)- verbosity- disallows basically all FP stuff

See also

References
  1. "中国同巴勒斯坦的关系". Office of the People's Republic of China in Palestine. July 17, 2017.
  2. "United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 (November 10, 1975)". Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  3. "驻巴勒斯坦国办事处". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC.
  4. China's Palestine Policy
  5. UN Security Council calls for immediate halt to Gaza violence
  6. PRC Foreign Ministry Spokesman
  7. "外交部:中方严重关切以色列对加沙发动军事行动". China Daily. China. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  8. UN General Assembly Resolution 67/19
  9. Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hong Lei's Regular Press Conference on July 9, 2014
  10. "China's Xi calls for creation of Palestinian state". Al Jazeera. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  11. "China Says Lack of Palestinian State 'A Terrible Injustice'". Haaretz. 13 April 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  12. "China pushes four-point Israeli-Palestinian peace plan". Times of Israel. 1 August 2017.
  13. Lawler, Dave (2 July 2020). "The 53 countries supporting China's crackdown on Hong Kong". Axios. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
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