Chicago Outfit

The Chicago Outfit (also known as the Outfit, the Chicago Mafia, the Chicago Mob, the South Side Gang, or The Organization) is an Italian-American organized crime syndicate based in Chicago, Illinois, which dates from the 1910s. It is part of the American Mafia originating in South Side, Chicago.

Chicago Outfit
Former Chicago Outfit leader Al Capone
Founded1910 (1910)
Founded byBig Jim Colosimo
Founding locationChicago, Illinois, United States
Years active1910–present
TerritoryChicago metropolitan area, surrounding midwest. Other territories in Las Vegas, Phoenix,[1] Florida, Burbank, Hollywood, and areas of the San Fernando Valley[2]
Ethnicity"Made men" are of Italian descent, with 28 made members,[3] 100+ associates of various ethnicities
Criminal activitiesRacketeering, bribery, conspiracy, burglary, coercion, labor racketeering, police corruption, hijacking, loansharking, drug trafficking, fencing, rum bootlegging, fraud, money laundering, murder, torture, illegal gambling, extortion[4]
AlliesFive Families
Detroit Partnership
Cleveland crime family
St. Louis crime family
Kansas City crime family
Patriarca crime family
Denver crime family
Los Angeles crime family[5][6]
C-Notes[7]
RivalsVarious Chicago gangs

The Outfit rose to power in the 1920s under the control of Johnny Torrio and Al Capone, and the period was marked by bloody gang wars for control of the distribution of illegal alcohol during Prohibition. Since then, the Outfit has been involved in a wide range of criminal activities, including loansharking, gambling, prostitution, extortion, political corruption, and murder. Capone was convicted of income tax evasion in 1931, and the Outfit was next run by Paul Ricca. He shared power with Tony Accardo from 1943 until his death in 1972; Accardo became the sole power in the Outfit upon Ricca's death and was one of the longest-sitting bosses of all time upon his death in the early 1990s.

The Outfit did not have a monopoly on organized crime in Chicago, but it was the most powerful, violent, and largest criminal organization in the Midwest. Its influence at its peak stretched as far as California and Florida. Higher law enforcement attention and general attrition has led to its gradual decline since the late 20th century. From 1997 to 2018, the Chicago Outfit was believed to be led by John DiFronzo.[8]

History

Origins

The early years of organized crime in Chicago, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, were marked by the division of various street gangs controlling the South Side and North Side, as well as the Black Hand organizations of Little Italy.

Big Jim Colosimo centralized control in the early 20th century. Colosimo was born in Calabria, Italy, in 1878, immigrated to Chicago in 1895, where he established himself as a criminal. By 1909, with the help of bringing Johnny Torrio from New York to Chicago, he was successful enough that he was encroaching on the criminal activity of the Black Hand organization.[9][10]

Prohibition and Capone

In 1919, Capone also left New York for Chicago at the invitation of Torrio. Capone began in Chicago as a bouncer in a brothel, where he contracted syphilis. Timely use of Salvarsan probably could have cured the infection, but he apparently never sought treatment.[11]

When Prohibition went into effect in 1920, Torrio pushed for the gang to enter into bootlegging, but Colosimo stubbornly refused. In March 1920, Colosimo secured an uncontested divorce from his wife Victoria Moresco.[12] A month later, he and singer Dale Winter eloped to West Baden Springs, Indiana. Upon their return, he bought a home on the South Side.[12] On May 11, 1920, Torrio called and told Colosimo that a shipment was about to arrive at his restaurant. Colosimo drove there to await it, but instead he was ambushed and shot to death.[13]

With the start of Prohibition in the United States, Al Capone saw an opportunity for himself and the Outfit in Chicago to make money and to further expand their criminal empire by racketeering small businesses. With Capone taking the role of an actual businessman and partner of the owner, the Outfit had a legitimate way to source their money, which prevented incrimination and unnecessary attention from law enforcement.[14]

Torrio headed an essentially Italian organized crime group that was the biggest in the city, with Capone as his right-hand man. He was wary of being drawn into gang wars and tried to negotiate agreements over territory between rival crime groups. The smaller North Side Gang led by Dean O'Banion (also known as Dion O'Banion) was of mixed ethnicity, and it came under pressure from the Genna brothers who were allied with Torrio. O'Banion found that Torrio was unhelpful with the encroachment of the Gennas into the North Side, despite his pretensions to be a settler of disputes.[15] In a fateful step, Torrio either arranged for or acquiesced to the murder of O'Banion at his flower shop on November 10, 1924. This placed Hymie Weiss at the head of the gang, backed by Vincent Drucci and Bugs Moran. Weiss had been a close friend of O'Banion, and the North Siders made it a priority to get revenge on his killers.[16][17][18]

In January 1925, Capone was ambushed, leaving him shaken but unhurt. Twelve days later, on January 24, Torrio was returning from a shopping trip with his wife Anna, when he was shot several times. After recovering, he effectively resigned and handed control to Capone, age 26, who became the new boss of an organization that took in illegal breweries and a transportation network that reached to Canada, with political and law-enforcement protection.[19] In turn, he was able to use more violence to increase revenue. An establishment that refused to purchase liquor from him often got blown up, and as many as 100 people were killed in such bombings during the 1920s. Rivals saw Capone as responsible for the proliferation of brothels in the city.[18][20][21][22]

Capone was widely assumed to have been responsible for ordering the 1929 Saint Valentine's Day Massacre in an attempt to eliminate Bugs Moran, head of the North Side Gang. Moran was the last survivor of the North Side gunmen; his succession had come about because his similarly aggressive predecessors Vincent Drucci and Hymie Weiss had been killed in the violence that followed the murder of original leader Dean O'Banion.[23][24][25]

Capone was convicted on three counts of income tax evasion on October 17, 1931,[26][27][28] and was sentenced a week later to 11 years in federal prison, fined $50,000 plus $7,692 for court costs, and was held liable for $215,000 plus interest due on his back taxes.[29][30][31][32] Capone would later die of heart failure as a result of apoplexy on January 25, 1947.[33][34]

From Nitti to Accardo

1930s–1950s

In 1931, Nitti was also convicted of tax evasion and sent to prison; however, Nitti received an 18-month sentence.[35] When Nitti was released on March 25, 1932, he took his place as the new boss of the Capone Gang.[35] Some revisionist historians claim that Nitti was a mere "front boss" while Paul "The Waiter" Ricca was the actual boss of the Chicago Outfit.[36]

Over the next decade, The Outfit moved into labor racketeering, gambling, and loan sharking. Geographically, this was the period when Outfit muscle extended to Milwaukee and Madison, Wisconsin, Kansas City, and especially to Hollywood and other California cities, where The Outfit's extortion of labor unions gave it leverage over the motion picture industry.

In the early 1940s, a handful of top Outfit leaders went to prison because they were found to be extorting Hollywood by controlling the unions that compose Hollywood's movie industry, and manipulating and misusing the Teamsters Central States Pension fund.[37] In 1943, the Outfit was caught red-handed shaking down the Hollywood movie industry. Ricca wanted Nitti to take the fall. However, Nitti had found that he was claustrophobic, years earlier while in jail for 18 months (for tax evasion), and he decided to end his life rather than face more imprisonment for extorting Hollywood. Ricca then became the boss in name as well as in fact, with enforcement chief Tony Accardo as underboss—the start of a partnership that lasted for almost 30 years. Around this time, the Outfit began bringing in members of the Forty-Two Gang, a notoriously violent youth gang. Among them were Sam "Momo" Giancana, Sam "Mad Sam" DeStefano, Felix "Milwaukee Phil" Alderisio, and Fiore "Fifi" Buccieri.

Ricca was sent to prison later in 1943 for his part in The Outfit plot to control Hollywood. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison, along with a number of other mobsters. Through the "magic" of political connections, the whole group of Outfit mobsters was released after three years, largely due to the efforts of Outfit "fixer" Murray "The Camel" Humphreys. Ricca could not associate with mobsters as a condition of his parole. Accardo nominally took power as boss, but actually shared power with Ricca, who continued behind the scenes as a senior consultant—one of the few instances of shared power in organized crime.

Accardo joined Ricca in semi-retirement in 1957 due to some "heat" that he was getting from the IRS. From then on, Ricca and Accardo allowed several others to nominally serve as boss, such as Giancana, Alderisio, Joey Aiuppa, William "Willie Potatoes" Daddano, and Jackie "the Lackey" Cerone. Most of the front bosses originated from the Forty-Two Gang. However, no major business transactions took place without Ricca and Accardo's knowledge and approval, and certainly no "hits." By staying behind the scenes, Ricca and Accardo lasted far longer than Capone. Ricca died in 1972, leaving Accardo as the sole power behind the scenes.

1960s–1990s

Along with the voting allegations, the Outfit was involved in a Central Intelligence Agency–Mafia collusion during Castro's overthrow of the Cuban government. In exchange for its help, the Outfit was to be given access to its former casinos if it helped overthrow Fidel Castro in Operation Mongoose or Operation Family Jewels.[38] The Outfit failed in that endeavor and faced increasing indictments under the administration of President John F. Kennedy (JFK). The Outfit is the subject of some theories regarding the JFK assassination and that of JFK's brother Robert Kennedy.

The Outfit reached the height of its power in the early 1960s. Accardo used the Teamsters pension fund, with the aid of Meyer Lansky, Sidney Korshak, and Jimmy Hoffa, to engage in massive money laundering through the Outfit's casinos. The 1970s and 1980s were a hard time for the Outfit, as law enforcement continued to penetrate the organization, spurred by poll-watching politicians. Off-track betting reduced bookmaking profits, and illicit casinos withered under competition from legitimate casinos. Activities such as auto theft and professional sports betting did not replace the lost profits.

The Outfit controlled casinos in Las Vegas and "skimmed" millions of dollars over the course of several decades. Most recently, top mob figures have been found guilty of crimes dating back to as early as the mid-1960s. It has been rumored that the $2 million skimmed from the casinos in the Court case of 1986 was used to build the Old Neighborhood Italian American Club, the founder of which was Angelo J. "The Hook" LaPietra.

Allen Dorfman, a key figure in the Outfit's money embezzlement operations, was investigated by the Department of Justice. In 1982, the FBI wire-tapped Dorfman's personal and company phone lines and was able to gather the evidence needed to convict Dorfman and several of his associates on attempts to bribe a state senator to get rid of the trucking industry rates. If Dorfman succeeded, the Outfit would have seen a huge gain of profit. This was known as Operation Pendorf and was a huge blow to the Chicago crime syndicate.[39]

Operation GAMBAT (GAMBling ATtorney) proved to be a crippling blow to the Outfit's tight grip on the Chicago political machine. Pat Marcy, a made man in the Outfit, ran the city's First Ward, which represented most of downtown Chicago. Marcy and company controlled the circuit courts from the 1950s until the late 1980s with the help of Alderman Fred Roti and Democratic Committeeman John D'Arco Sr. Together, the First Ward fixed cases involving everything from minor traffic violations to murder.

Attorney and First Ward associate Robert Cooley was one of the lawyers who represented many mafiosi and associates in which cases were fixed. As a trusted man within the First Ward, Cooley was asked to "take out" a city police officer. Cooley was also an addicted gambler and in debt, so he approached the U.S. Justice Department's Organized Crime Strike Force, declaring that he wanted to "destroy Marcy and the First Ward".

Cooley was soon in touch with the FBI and began cooperating as a federal informant. Through the years, he maintained close ties to Marcy and the big shots of the First Ward. He wore an electronic surveillance device, recording valuable conversations at the notorious "First Ward Table", located at "Counselor's Row" across the street from Chicago City Hall. The results in Operation Gambat (Gambling Attorney) were convictions of 24 corrupt judges, lawyers, and cops.

Accardo died in 1992.[40] In a measure of how successfully he had managed to stay out of the limelight, he never spent a day in jail (or only spent one day, depending on the source) despite an arrest record dating to 1922. Chicago's transition from Accardo to the next generation of Outfit bosses has been more of an administrative change than a power struggle, distinct from the way that organized crime leadership transitions take place in New York City.

21st century

Higher law enforcement investigations and general attrition led to the Outfit's gradual decline since the late 20th century. The Old Neighborhood Italian American Club is considered to be the hangout of Old Timers as they live out their golden years. The Club's founder was Angelo J. LaPietra "The Hook", who was the main Council at the time of his death in 1999.

On April 25, 2005, the U.S. Department of Justice launched Operation Family Secrets,[41] which indicted 14 Outfit members and associates under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), including Joseph Lombardo, Nicholas Calabrese, Frank Calabrese Sr. and James Marcello. U.S. District Court Judge James Zagel presided over the Family Secrets trial. The federal prosecutors were Mitchell A. Mars, T. Markus Funk, and John Scully.

As of 2007, the Outfit's size is estimated to be 28 official members (composing its core group) and more than 100 associates.[3]

Jim Distler (aka Jimmy Gambino) was released from federal prison in July 2015 after serving a sentence for money laundering, racketeering and bank fraud. Distler (Gambino) is an associate of the Chicago outfit crime syndicate and also has ties to the Russian mafia.[42]

Historical leadership

Bosses
Name and nickname(s) Image Tenure Notes
Vincenzo Colosimo
Big Jim, Diamond Joe		 1910 1920 Murdered on May 11, 1920.
John D. Torrio
Papa Johnny, The Fox		 1920 1925 Retired in 1925 after an assassination attempt.
Alphonse "Al" Capone
Al Brown, Scarface		 1925 1931 Sentenced for tax evasion in 1931.
Frank Nitti
(Born Francesco Nitto)
The Enforcer		 1931 1943 Committed suicide in 1943.
Paul Ricca
(Born Felice DeLucia)
The Waiter		 1943 1947 Sentenced for extortion in 1943; stepped down in 1947.
Anthony "Tony" Accardo[43]
(Born Antonino Accardo)
Joe Batters, Big Tuna		 1947 1957 Stepped down in 1957, becoming a "shadow executive" of the mob.
Salvatore "Sam" Giancana
Mooney, Mo, Momo		 1957 1966 Fled to Mexico to avoid imprisonment in 1966; deposed by Ricca and Accardo.
Samuel Battaglia
(Born Salvatore Battaglia)
Teets		 1966 1967 Sentenced for violating the Hobbs Act in 1967.
Felix Alderisio
Milwaukee Phil		 1967 1971 Sentenced for extortion in 1967–1969, deceased in 1971.
Joseph Aiuppa
Joey Doves, Joey O'Brien		 1971 1986 Sentenced for skimming in 1986.
Joseph Ferriola
Joe Nagall, Mr. Clean		 1986 1989 Deceased from heart troubles in 1989.
Samuel Carlisi
Sam Wings, Black Sam		 1989 1996 Sentenced from racketeering in 1993–1994 and 1996, deceased in 1997.
John DiFronzo
No Nose		 1996 2014 Semi-retired in 2014, deceased from Alzheimer's disease in 2018.
Salvatore DeLaurentis
Solly D		 2014 Present

Street boss

The street boss was a high-ranking member appointed to run the daily activities for the boss. The position was created to protect the boss from federal investigations.

Underboss

Consigliere

Current family members

Administration
  • Boss: Salvatore DeLaurentis[46]
  • Street Boss: Albert "Albie the Falcon" Vena[47] – born in 1949. Part of the new administration following the retirement of John DiFronzo.[48] Vena was once a powerful capo of the Grand Avenue crew and replaced Joseph Lombardo after his 2007 conviction of a 1974 murder.[49] FBI investigators from the August 2006 disappearance case of Anthony Zizzo considered him a suspect.[50] In 1993, Vena was acquitted of the November 4, 1992 murder of Samuel Taglia who was shot twice in the head and had his throat cut with a knife, his body was dumped in the trunk of his 1983 Buick car. His most trusted confidantes were reported to be Joseph Andriacchi and James Inendino.

Capos
  • James Inendino – Cicero
  • Peter DiFronzo – Elmwood Park; born in 1933. He is the younger brother of Chicago Outfit boss John DiFronzo.[51] In 1965, he was sentenced to 10 years at Leavenworth Prison after he and two Outfit affiliates robbed a warehouse in Forest View, Illinois, of cigarettes, razor blades, and ladies hosiery.[52] According to a report from an Illinois Gaming Board officer in 2005, DiFronzo and his brother John had obtained contracts for a waste-hauling business in Chicago through illegal payoffs and intimidation.[53]
  • Frank "Toots" Caruso – 26th Street

Soldiers
  • Michael Carioscia: born 1933. In December 1950, he was arrested on charges of armed robbery and was sentenced to 2 years' imprisonment, he was released in 1954. He was sentenced to 5 years' imprisonment in October 1961 on narcotics charges after he and Armando Pennacchio made three sales of large quantity of heroin to an undercover FBN officer.[54][55] He has a brother named Frank.
  • Robert "Bobby the Boxer" Salerno: Salerno was a former boxing trainer who knew Ernie Terrell. In 1995, he was sentenced to life in prison for murder.[56]
  • Robert Bellavia: former member of the Ferriola crew.[57] He was involved in the February 7, 1985 murder of bookmaker Hal C. Smith, the body was recovered 3 days later in the trunk of his car.[58][59][60] In 1990, he was indicted and later convicted in the Good Ship Lollipop case, a large-scale racketeering and murder indictment alongside Ernest Infelice, Solly DeLaurentis, Harry Aleman, James Nicholas and William DiDomenico.[61] He was released in 2016 after serving 25 years in prison.
  • Paul Carparelli: born 1969. Current Outfit soldier and member of the Cicero crew. In 2016, judge Sharon Johnson Coleman sentenced him to 3½ years in prison on extortion charges meanwhile prosecutors sought after at least 11 years' imprisonment. The extortion conspiracies were allegedly based around Chicago, Las Vegas, Wisconsin and the East Coast. He was a former firefighter in Bloomingdale, Illinois.
  • Michael "Jaws" Giorango: former associate of the Chicago Heights crew.[62] He pleaded guilty to operating a bookmaking ring in the suburbs of South Chicago in 1989 and used threats of violence to collect unpaid debts including threats of beatings, bombings and robbery. In 1990, he was sentenced to prison and served 4 years. In 2010, reports linked him and Alexi Giannoulias, the 72nd Democratic Illinois treasurer, to a $11–20 million loan.[63][64][65] In 2004, he was sentenced to six months of intermittent confinement and three years of probation for prostitution charges in Miami. He was granted early release from probation in 2008. In 2010, he filed for bankruptcy protection and listed assets and liabilities between $500,000 and $1 million.[66] His case was dismissed in 2013.
  • Frank Orlando: born in 1968. It was alleged he made threatening demands towards an unpaid debt of $200-500,000.[67] At his trial, the FBI alleged Orlando introduced printing firm owner Mark Dziuban to Paul Carparelli to discuss extortion attempts.[68] In 2014, he was sentenced to almost 4 years in prison on extortion charges.[69][70]
  • Nicholas "Nick" Ferriola: born in 1977. He is the son of Joseph Ferriola. He was sentenced by U.S. District Judge James Zagel in 2008 to 3 years in federal prison for his role in the Family Secrets case, he was accused of extortion and illegal sports gambling charges over an 8-year period, Ferriola admitted to earning over $150,000 per month.[71] He served as a trusted confidante to Frank Calabrese Sr. during the operation including after Calabrese's life imprisonment sentence in 2009.
  • Michael "Handsome Mike" Talerico: Talerico is related to Anglo LaPietra and was a small-time bookie. He was also once married to former Chicago Outfit hitman Frank Schweihs's daughter.[72]
  • Tony Saviano: Saviano was involved in an Outfit gambling operation during the 1980s. Pete Rose placed bets with his organization when in Chicago.[73] Authorities speculate that his nephew Tony Saviano out of West Chicago had great influence in the operation.
  • Sam Sei: Sei and his nephew Keith had great influence in Melrose Park, Illinois and controlled the town after Rocky Infelice was convicted during the 1990s.[74]
  • Robert Panozzo: Panozzo is a former member of the C-Notes street gang and soldier of the Grand Avenue crew. He was sentenced to 18 years on state racketeering charges on January 8, 2019.

Government informants and witnesses
  • Frank Cullotta – born in December 1938. He was a former associate and friend of Tony Spilotro, and was involved in his Hole in the Wall gang based in Las Vegas. In 1982, Cullotta was imprisoned, and was approached by the FBI with a wiretap of Spilotro talking with someone about "having to clean our dirty laundry", which Cullotta took as an insinuated contract on his life.[75] Due to this, in July 1982, Cullotta finalized an agreement with the prosecutors.[76]
  • Leonard Patrick – born in October 1913. Former associate heavily involved in illegal gambling rackets active in the North Side of Chicago. In June 1933, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison for robbing a bank in Culver, Indiana. He came to the attention of the U.S. Attorney in 1958 as a Chicago Outfit affiliate. In 1975, Patrick was convicted for contempt after he refused to testify under immunity against Chicago police lieutenant Ronald O'Hara and admitted to payoffs of $500 per month to O'Hara.[77] Patrick was released in July 1978.[78] He pleaded guilty to criminal charges in April 1992. It is alleged the Outfit ordered the bombing of Sharon Patrick's car outside her home in Rogers Park, Chicago in May 1992, as a result of his guilty plea. In September 1992, he testified against the Chicago Outfit. He died in 2006.
  • Ken Eto – born in 1919. He was a former Japanese-American Chicago Outfit associate.[79] He arrived in Chicago from Washington in 1949. Eto's criminal record dates back to 1942 for violating a wartime curfew. In February 1983, Eto survived an assassination attempt on his life by Outfit hitmen Jasper Campise and John Gattuso after 3 bullets ricocheted off of his skull, he immediately joined protective custody and turned informant against the Outfit, Outfit captain Vincent Solano ordered the attempt. The assassination attempt is believed to be revolved around paranoia towards Eto following his guilty plea on illegal gambling charges, which provoked the Chicago Outfit to believe the possibility of Eto being easily persuaded to cooperate with the government against the Outfit. The hitmen, 68-year-old Jasper Campise and 47-year-old John Gattuso were offered government protection and declined, they were both found strangled and stabbed in July 1983 inside of the trunk of a 1981 Volvo registered to Campise.[80] The FBI estimated his criminal earnings of between "$150,000 to $200,000" per week and bribe payoffs of $12,000 per month to Chicago policemen. He died in January 2004 at the age of 84 from natural causes.[81]
  • Louis Bombacino – born in 1923. He was a former bookmaker.[82] Between 1965 and 1967, Bombacino contacted the FBI while in prison awaiting trial on a robbery charge.[83] He admitted to involvement in a large-scale bookmaking operation under the control of Jackie Cerone and Fiore Buccieri.[84] He was murdered in Tempe, Arizona on the morning of October 6/7, 1975 by the Chicago Outfit while hiding under the alias "Joe Nardi", Paul Schiro and Tony Amadio were suspected in the car bombing.[85][86][87] His testimony against Cerone resulted in 5 years' imprisonment in May 1970 and he relocated to Arizona and secured a warehouse job before his murder.[88]
  • Richard Cain – born in October 1931. He served as Chief Investigator for the Cook County Police Department. Cain joined the Chicago Police Department (Vice Squad) in 1956 until 1960.[89] In June 1961, Cain was allegedly met by a CIA staffer in Mexico City, he was deported from Mexico in 1962 for carrying a loaded gun and brass knuckles, violating his tourist permit by working and impersonating a Mexican government official.[90] He was released from prison in October 1971. On December 20, 1971, he was shot and killed on orders of the Chicago Outfit. Harry Aleman, Joey Lombardo and Frank Schweihs were suspected of killing him.
  • Gerald Scarpelli soldier (1988)
  • William "B.J." Jahoda – former associate. He operated a sports bookmaking ring with Sam Sammarco between 1976 and 1979. Jahoda later began a partnership with Rocco Infelise in 1979 through to 1988, the operation allegedly earned over $8 million in profits. He operated an illegal parlay card business with Michael Sarno, James Damopoulos, Salvatore DeLaurentis and Infelise from 1979 to 1983 in Lake County, Illinois and other parts of Chicago. He also operated the Rouse House casino in suburban Libertyville, Illinois in 1982 which generated approximately $500,000 in profits, during this time he paid Infelise $1500 monthly payments to bribe the Lake County Sheriff to get advance notice of law enforcement raids.[91][92] By the fall of 1988, Infelise told Jahoda that he was paying $10,000 to the Cook County Police Department Sheriff for protection and that he used undersheriff and former Cook County Republican Party chairman James Dvorak as the intermediate, Dvorak was sentenced to 3½ years in prison in April 1994 for accepting bribes.[93][94] In September 1989, Infelise confirmed that he was paying $35,000 altogether to incarcerated Outfit members and Chicago police officers.[95][96] In early 1990, the government alleged Infelise and Jahoda gave out a $50,000 loan to an undercover IRS agent under the identity of "Larry Weeks" who Infelise instructed to bribe a Wisconsin zoning official to gain favourable selection in their efforts to get commercial/industrial property near Lake Geneva, Wisconsin as residential property.[97] He died in 2004.
  • Frank Calabrese Jr. associate (2005)

The Outfit is notable for having had other ethnic groups besides Italians as high-ranking associates since the family's earliest days. A prime example of this was Jake "Greasy Thumb" Guzik, who was the top "bagman" and "accountant" for decades until his death. He was a Polish Jew. Others were Murray Humphreys, who was of Welsh descent, and Ken Eto (aka Tokyo Joe), who was Japanese-American.

Another well-known associate of the Outfit is Jewish New York City mobster Benjamin Siegel. Siegel was a childhood friend of Capone.[98] Siegel's organization in Las Vegas and Los Angeles was an ally of the Outfit from 1933 to 1961, when the family boss, Mickey Cohen, was imprisoned and the family was decimated.

The Chicago Outfit has a long history of portrayal in Hollywood as the subject of film and television.

Film

Television
gollark: *MUST... CLICK... FASTER...*
gollark: Madness.
gollark: ??????
gollark: The Water and Fire nations are clashing in the Ap.
gollark: https://dragcave.net/view/iJlRo ← Thanks SunFish!

See also

References

Citations
  1. "Phoenix 101: Underworld". Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  2. "Chicago Outfit Chart 2010". Mobbedup.com. 11 February 2014. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014.
  3. "ABC7 WLS : Chicago and Chicago News". Abclocal.go.com. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
  4. Straw Men: A Former Agent Recounts How the FBI Crushed the Mob in Las Vegas, by Gary Magnesen. Mill City Press Inc. 2010. p. 141. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
  5. Ann Pistone; Chuck Goudie (July 27, 2009). "Aging bombing suspect linked to Outfit; Outlaws won't get out". Abclocal.go.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2009. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
  6. "The Double O Alliance". WLS-TV. August 8, 2008. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
  7. http://gangsterreport.com/chicago-mob-bust-grand-ave-crew-takes-hit/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. "Who's Who in Chicago Outfit for 1997 ISPN-97-10-12". Ipsn.org. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  9. Binder, John (2003). The Chicago Outfit. Arcadia Publishing. p. 9. ISBN 0738523267.
  10. "When the Outfit Ran Chicago, Vol I:The "Big Jim" Colosimo Era". D&R (in Turkish). Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  11. Get Capone: The Secret Plot That Captured America's Most Wanted, by Jonathan Eig. p17
  12. "THE VICE LORD WHO FELL IN LOVE WITH A CHOIR SINGER". chicagotribune.com. July 26, 1987.
  13. "James Colosimo Slain At Restaurant Door. Chicago Underworld Character Is Shot Dead by an Unknown Person". The New York Times. May 12, 1920. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
  14. Hales, Taylor (January 4, 2018). "Organized Crime- How it was changed by Prohibition". University of Michigan. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  15. Bergreen, Laurence (1994). Capone: The Man and the Era. New York: Simon and Schuster Paperbacks. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-0-684-82447-5.
  16. Bergreen, pp 134–135
  17. Bergreen, p. 138
  18. "Hymie Weiss". Myalcaponemuseum.com. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  19. Paul Sann, The Lawless Decade: Bullets, Broads and Bathtub Gin, Courier Corporation, 2012, p.111
  20. Sifakis, Carl, The Mafia Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., Checkmark Books (1999), p.362
  21. Russo, Gus, The Outfit, Bloomsbury (2001), pp.39,40
  22. Disasters and Tragic Events, edited by Mitchell Newton-Matza p.258
  23. The Five Families. MacMillan. p. .
  24. Bugs Moran Online Archived 2015-09-03 at the Wayback Machine
  25. My Al Capone Museum "Vincent 'The Schemer' Drucci", Mario Gomes, accessed 2/7/14
  26. "Al Capone - American criminal". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  27. Kinsley, Philip (October 19, 1931). "U.S. jury convicts Capone". Chicago Sunday Tribune. p. 1.
  28. "Capone convicted of tax evasion". Spokesman-Review. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. October 18, 1931. p. 1.
  29. Hackler, Victor (October 24, 1931). "Capone sentenced 11 years, fined $50,000". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). Associated Press. p. 1.
  30. "Capone in jail; prison next". Chicago Sunday Tribune. October 25, 1931. p. 1.
  31. Brennan, Ray (October 25, 1931). "Capone kept until Monday for appeal". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). Associated Press. p. 1.
  32. "Visitors to the Court-Historic Trials". US District Court-Northern District of Illinois. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
  33. "Al Capone dies in Florida villa". Chicago Sunday Tribune. Associated Press. January 26, 1947. p. 1.
  34. "Capone Dead At 48. Dry Era Gang Chief". The New York Times. Associated Press. April 2, 2009. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2010. Al Capone, ex-Chicago gangster and prohibition era crime leader, died in his home here tonight.
  35. Eghigian, Mars. After Capone: The Life and World of Chicago Mob Boss Frank "The Enforcer" Nitti. Naperville, Ill.: Cumberland House Publishing, 2006. ISBN 1-58182-454-8
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