Patriarca crime family

The Patriarca crime family (pronounced [paˈtrjarka]), also known as the New England Mafia, the Boston Mafia, the Providence Mafia, or The Office, is an Italian-American Mafia crime family in New England. It has two distinct factions, one based in Providence, Rhode Island and the other in Boston, Massachusetts. The family is currently led by Carmen Dinunzio who is part of the Boston faction. They are active primarily in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and eastern parts of Connecticut.

Patriarca crime family
The family is named after Raymond Patriarca who was boss from 1954 to 1984
Founded1916
Founded byGaspare Messina
Named afterRaymond Patriarca
Founding locationBoston, Massachusetts, Providence, Rhode Island
Years activec. 1916–present
TerritoryNew England: Rhode Island, Eastern Massachusetts, Eastern Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Maine
Ethnicity"Made members" are Italian and other ethnicities are "associates"
Membership (est.)30–35 made members, 100+ associates
Criminal activitiesRacketeering, gambling, murder, narcotics, waste management, robbery, fencing, loan sharking, extortion, bookmaking, money laundering, smuggling, and fraud
AlliesFive Families
Chicago Outfit
DeCavalcante
Philadelphia
Bufalino crime family
RivalsWinter Hill Gang
Charlestown Mob

History

Early years

Two separate Mafia families emerged in New England before prohibition began, one based in Boston, Massachusetts and the other based in Providence, Rhode Island.[1] The Boston crime family was founded in 1916 by Gaspare Messina.[2][3] Frank Morelli formed the Providence crime family in 1917,[4] and he eventually controlled bootlegging and gambling operations in Providence, Maine, and Connecticut.[5] In 1924, Gaspare Messina stepped down as Boston's Mafia boss, assuming a businessman's role while working with Frank Cucchiara and Paolo Pagnotta from a grocery store on Prince Street in Boston's North End.[6]

A Mafia power struggle ensued in Boston, as rival gangs fought for loan sharking, illegal gambling, and bootlegging rackets, and East Boston mobster Filippo Buccola emerged as the boss of the Boston crime family.[5] In December 1930 or early 1931, a Mafia meeting was held and Gaspare Messina was elected the temporary capo dei capi of the American Mafia.[7] He retired from Mafia affairs in the early 1930s and died in June 1957 in his Somerville, Massachusetts home.[8]

During the early 1930s, Buccola battled other ethnic gangs for territory, along with his underboss Joseph Lombardo, another mobster from Boston's North End.[5] In December 1931, Lombardo arranged the murder of Frank Wallace, the boss of South Boston's Irish Gustin Gang.[9] Then in 1932, Frank Morelli merged his Providence family with Buccola's Boston family, forming the New England crime family.[5] Buccola ruled as boss of the New England family from East Boston as he continued to have his competition murdered. He then had the boss of Boston's Jewish mob Charles Solomon murdered, leaving himself as the most powerful gangster in Boston.[3] He held a party in Johnston, Rhode Island on April 27, 1952 to celebrate his retirement and Raymond Patriarca's ascension to boss of the New England crime family,[4] and he retired to Sicily in 1954 where he ran a chicken farm. He died in 1987 of natural causes at the age of 101.[5]

Patriarca era
FBI's Patriarca crime family chart from the 1960s

In 1956, Raymond Patriarca made drastic changes in the family, the biggest being to move their base of operations to Providence, Rhode Island. He ran his family from the National Cigarette Service Company and Coin-O-Matic Distributors, a vending machine and pinball business on Atwells Avenue in the Federal Hill neighborhood of Providence.[10] The business was known to family members as "The Office."

Raymond Patriarca Senior's Rhode Island State Police I.D. photo

Patriarca was a strict and ruthless leader; he ran the crime family for decades and made it clear that other crime families were not permitted to operate in New England. He was skilled at warding off police and maintaining a low profile and thus received little hindrance from law enforcement. The family ventured into new rackets such as pornography and narcotics, though mob informer Vincent Teresa insisted that Patriarca forbade the family to deal in drugs.

During his reign as boss, Patriarca formed strong relationships with the New York-based Genovese crime family and Colombo crime family.[11] He worked with the Genovese family and decided that the Connecticut River would be the dividing line between the New York families and his family.[11] The New England family controlled organized crime in Boston and Worcester, Massachusetts where Genovese capo Carlo Mastrototaro reigned as local boss for half a century,[12] as well as the state of Maine; while the Genovese family controlled organized crime in Hartford, Connecticut, Springfield, Massachusetts, and Albany, New York.[11]

Patriarca's long-time underboss Enrico Tameleo was also a member of New York's Bonanno crime family. In addition to having close ties to the powerful New York Mafia, Patriarca was also on the Mafia's ruling commission and had investments in two Las Vegas casinos. Another of his underbosses was Gennaro "Jerry" Angiulo who was involved in the numbers racket in Boston, and was being shaken down by rival mobsters because he was not a "made" member. He solved this problem by paying Patriarca $50,000 and agreeing to pay him $100,000 a year to become a made member of the family. Angiulo was based in Boston and gained complete control of gambling in the city.

The Apalachin Meeting and aftermath
FBI's 1963 La Cosa Nostra Commission Chart

In 1957, more than 60 of the country's most powerful crime bosses met in Apalachin, a hamlet in upstate New York. The Apalachin meeting was attended by well-known organized crime figures, such as Joe Bonanno, Carlo Gambino, and Vito Genovese. Raymond Patriarca was also in attendance and was subsequently arrested, drawing much attention to him from the press, the public, and law enforcement.

The situation became worse for Patriarca and his family in 1961, when Robert F. Kennedy became Attorney General and began an assault on organized crime.[13] Law enforcement agencies worked to develop informers within the mob and finally succeeded in 1966 when Joe Barboza was arrested on a concealed weapons charge. He was a hit man for the Patriarca family who claimed to have killed 26 people, but he became concerned when Patriarca did not raise his bail and two of his friends were killed for trying to do so.

He became an informant not long after, and Patriarca and Enrico Tameleo were indicted in 1967 for the murder of Providence bookmaker Willie Marfeo. Patriarca was convicted and began serving time in 1969, and Gennaro Angiulo served as acting boss. Patriarca was released in 1974 and resumed control of the family.

For his testimony, Barboza was given a one-year prison term, including time served. He was paroled in March 1969 and told to leave Massachusetts forever. In 1971, he pleaded guilty to a second-degree murder charge in California and sentenced to five years at Folsom Prison; he was murdered in San Francisco by Joseph "J. R." Russo on February 11, 1976, less than three months after his release.[14]

Patriarca was plagued by law enforcement for the rest of his life, and he was charged numerous times for a variety of crimes until his death in 1984. In 1978, Vincent Teresa testified that Patriarca had participated in a 1960 attempt by the Central Intelligence Agency to kill Fidel Castro that was never carried out.[15] In 1983, Patriarca was charged with the murder of Raymond Curcio, and he was arrested in 1984 for the murder of Robert Candos, whom Patriarca believed was an informant. Patriarca died of a heart attack on July 11, 1984, aged 76.

Decline

After Patriarca's death, the New England Mafia began a long period of decline, resulting from both legal prosecution and internal violence. Jerry Angiulo attempted to take over as boss, despite being in jail, while Larry Zannino, the family's top lieutenant, backed Patriarca's son Raymond Patriarca, Jr. for the position. The National Commission approved Patriarca, Jr.'s ascendancy to leadership and his position was confirmed. Zannino was made consigliere, but he was sentenced to 30 years in prison in 1987. Gennaro Angiulo was sentenced to 45 years in prison on racketeering charges, along with Charles Tashjian.

Other senior members died or were imprisoned, such as Henry Tameleo and Francesco Intiso. William "The Wild Man" Grasso, an East Hartford, Connecticut-based gangster, became underboss because of the younger Patriarca's weak leadership. Some law enforcers believed that Grasso was actually in charge, but these rumors ended when Grasso was found dead in June 1989, slain by a gangster from Springfield as factions of the family began fighting each other for dominance.

The death of Grasso weakened Patriarca, Jr.'s position. Nicholas Bianco was eventually indicted for Grasso's murder, but he became acting underboss before taking over the family's Providence operations.

On March 26, 1990, Raymond Patriarca, Jr. and 20 other family members and associates were indicted on charges of racketeering, extortion, narcotics, gambling, and murder. The indictments included underboss Bianco, consigliere Joseph Russo, and lieutenants Biagio DiGiacomo, Vincent Ferrara, Matthew Guglielmetti, Joseph A. Tiberi Sr, Dennis Lepore, Gaetano J. Milano, Jack Johns, John "Sonny" Castagna, Louis Fallia, Frank and Louis Pugliono, Frank Colontoni and Robert Carrozza.

The arrests were described as "the most sweeping attack ever launched on a single organized crime family." One of the most damaging pieces of evidence was a tape recording of a Mafia induction ceremony, at which 13 Mafiosi were present.

Because of this embarrassment, Patriarca was replaced as boss by Bianco, who maintained a very low profile. However, Bianco was sentenced to 11 years in prison in 1991, while eight other family members were convicted on Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) charges. Bianco died in prison in 1994.

On August 16, 1991, associate of Vincent Ferrara and Massachusetts bookmaker Howard Ferrini, is beaten and stomped to death at his home in Berkley, Massachusetts, his body is later recovered on August 21 inside of the trunk of his blue 1988 Cadillac car at Logan International Airport.

Bobby Donati, the driver of Vincent Ferrara, is beaten and stabbed to death at his home in Revere, Massachusetts on September 24, 1991.[16][17]

On January 6, 1992, all of the defendants in the RICO trial pleaded guilty and received lengthy sentences and large fines. Patriarca was sentenced to 8 years in prison in June 1992 after pleading guilty to racketeering charges. On October 2, 1992, Rocco Scali, the owner of a North End restaurant and an associate of Vincent Ferrara, is shot in the back of the head in the parking lot of IHOP in Dedham, Massachusetts. On December 8, 1992, Vincent Arcieri is gunned down in the driveway of his Orient Heights, East Boston residence.[18] It is believed he was murdered after an argument occurred at his restaurant in November 1992 between himself and capo-turned informant Mark Rossetti.

In 1993, 26 others were indicted and convicted for running a bookmaking operation.

Internal warfare
FBI mugshot of Frank Salemme

Frank Salemme took over the family after the trials and moved their base back to Boston. His ascension to the position of boss, however, sparked tensions among family factions.

On March 31, 1994, Patriarca crime family members Ronald Coppola and Pete Scarpellini are shot and killed inside of Hockey Fans Social Club in Cranston, Rhode Island by Patriarca soldier Nino Cucinotta during a card game.[19]

Joe Souza is shot inside of an East Boston phone booth on October 20, 1994.[20] He succumbs to his injuries and dies in hospital on October 31. It is alleged the Boston faction blamed Souza for the death of Mike Romano Jr. on September 2, 1994.

On December 11, 1994, 25-year old drug dealer and Salemme loyalist Paul Strazzulla is shot and killed. His body is recovered inside of his fire-torched car outside the VFW club parking lot in Revere, Massachusetts.[21]

In January 1995, Salemme was indicted along with Stephen Flemmi and James "Whitey" Bulger on extortion and racketeering charges,[22] and Salemme discovered through court documents that his close allies Flemmi and Bulger were long-time FBI informants.[22] Bulger's friend FBI agent John Connolly let him run his criminal operations with impunity for informing on the Patriarca family.

After Frank Salemme was imprisoned, a renegade faction led by Robert F. Carrozza, Anthony Ciampi, Stephen Foye, and Michael P. Romano, Sr. waged war on the Salemme loyalists. On April 3, 1996, 63-year old Richard "Vinnie the Pig" DeVincent is shot and killed in Medford, Massachusetts after refusing to pay street tax from Salemme loyalists. In April 1997, the FBI indicted 15 members of the renegade faction, including Carrozza, Ciampi, Romano, and others.[23] The grand jury testimony that resulted in the indictments was dominated by Sean Thomas Cote, who was the first of four indicted members to turn government witness. The jury ultimately acquitted the defendants of most charges but was deadlocked on murder and racketeering charges.

Several of the defendants changed their pleas to guilty during a second trial, including Ciampi and Eugene Rida. Salemme pleaded guilty to racketeering charges on December 9, 1999,[24] and was sentenced to 11 years in prison on February 23, 2000.[22] In early 2001, he agreed to testify against Flemmi and Bulger.[25]

Turn of the century

The New England crime family is estimated to have about 60 made members controlling influence in the New England area, especially in the cities of Boston and Providence.[26] In recent years, the family has been hit with several FBI RICO indictments, and two captains (Mark Rossetti and Robert DeLuca[27]) have become government informants.[26][28] The power structure was said to have moved back to Boston entering the 2010s.

Peter "Chief Crazy Horse" Limone took over as boss of the family in 2009. Limone was arrested in 2009 and charged with racketeering. He was given a suspended sentence on July 1, 2010.[29][30]

Retired boss Luigi "Baby Shacks" Manocchio was arrested in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on January 19, 2011, and was charged with extortion and conspiracy.[31][32][33] Manocchio had stepped down as boss in 2009, after the FBI began investigating two strip clubs (the "Cadillac Lounge" and the "Satin Doll") in late 2008.[34][35] In February 2012, Manocchio agreed to plead guilty and was sentenced to 5½ years in prison for extortion on May 11, 2012.[36]

In late 2009, Anthony DiNunzio became the acting boss, after boss Peter Limone was arrested.[26] DiNunzio operates from Boston's North End and is the younger brother to Carmen DiNunzio.[37] In 2010, DiNunzio extorted Rhode Island strip clubs with members of the Gambino crime family.[37] On April 25, 2012, DiNunzio was arrested and charged with racketeering and extortion.[37][38][39] On September 13, 2012, DiNunzio pleaded guilty to shaking down Rhode Island strip clubs,[40] and was sentenced to six years on November 14, 2012.[41]

On October 2, 2014 acting boss Antonio L. "Spucky" Spagnolo, 72, and reputed made man Pryce "Stretch" Quintina, 74, were arrested for allegedly extorting thousands of dollars in protection payments from a video poker machine company which installed machines for illegal gambling in bars and social clubs.[42] Spagnolo took over as acting boss after Anthony DiNunzio was arrested back in 2012.[42] Both Spagnolo and Quintina are reputedly old members of the Patriarca crime family's Boston faction.[42]

In April 2016, family consigliere Anthony "Ponytail Tony" Parillo was sentenced to five-year prison term for felony assault.[43]

Current family members

Administration
  • Boss – Carmen S. "The Cheese Man" DiNunzio. DiNunzio is said to have taken the reins as acting boss when "Spucky" Spagnolo was indicted but has allegedly been named official boss following the death of Pete Limone. DiNunzio is an East Boston mobster indicted in 2008 on corruption charges stemming from an undercover operation.[44] He pled guilty to bribery charges[45][46] and was sentenced to six years in prison on September 24, 2009.[47] He was released on parole in February 2015.
  • Underboss – Matthew L. "Goodlooking Matty" Guglielmetti Jr. He was sentenced to 11 years in prison in 2005 for "protecting" a shipment of cocaine passing through Rhode Island. He was also arrested that year for infiltrating labor unions in greater-Providence. He was released on June 10, 2014.
  • Consigliere – Unknown, following death of Providence-based consigliere Joseph "Joe the Bishop" Achille.

Capos

Providence faction
  • Edward "Eddie" Lato: Lato is serving a nine-year sentence in federal prison for shaking down Rhode Island strip clubs for protection money. He was arrested with former bosses Anthony Dinunzio and Luigi "Baby Shacks" Manocchio.
  • Joseph Ruggiero: Ruggiero has never been charged with a crime and runs his day-to-day operations out of a series of legitimate businesses that he owns in and around Fall River, Massachusetts. He is also a close friend of former Fall River mayor William Flanagan.
  • Anthony "Ponytail Tony" Parillo: Parillo is now doing a 15-year prison stint for felony assault. He previously served 11 years for a double homicide that he committed in 1977.
    • Acting: Unknown

Boston faction
  • Gregory "Fat Boy" Costa
  • Frederick "Freddie the Neighbor" Simone
  • Antonio "Spucky" Spagnolo

Soldiers
  • Vito Deluca—Providence Faction dead Deported
  • William "Billy Blackjack" DelSanto (former Capo—semi-retired)—Providence Faction
  • Guido Pettinato-Providence faction
  • Pryce "Stretch" Quintina—Boston Faction
  • Vincent "Dee Dee" Gioacchini—Boston Faction
  • Carmen Tortora—Boston Faction
  • Dennis LePore—Boston Faction
  • Cono Rizzi—Boston Faction
  • Anthony "The Little Cheese" DiNunzio—Boston Faction
  • William "Billy The Angel" Angelesco—Boston Faction
  • Robert Carozza—Boston Faction
  • Mike "Mikey English" Bashaw—Boston Faction
  • Keith Orlandella—Boston Faction
  • Vincent Federico—Boston Faction
  • Salvatore "Tea Party Tore" Marino—Boston Faction
  • Louis DiNunzio—Boston Faction
  • Johnny Scarpelli—Boston Faction
  • Pasquale "Patsy" Barone—Boston Faction
  • Vincent Capone—Boston Faction
  • Anthony "Chucky" Carlo—Boston Faction
  • Darin Bufalino—Boston Faction
  • Anthony Ascenzia—New Haven, CT Faction
  • Salvatore "Butch" D'Aquila—New Haven, CT Faction
  • Dominic JR Daniele — New Haven, CT Faction
  • Ritchie Brower — New Haven, CT Faction
  • John Aparicio Jr- Providence Faction
  • John Vitello—New Haven, CT Faction
  • Americo Petrolio—New Haven, CT Faction
  • G.Pettinato- Providence Faction
  • Dominic Marangelli—New Haven, CT Faction
  • Kristofer "Scars" Salvi—Boston Faction
  • Anthony "Wackado" Leono—Boston Faction
  • Michael "Mikey Cigars" Bernard-Hartford, CT Faction
  • James "Jimmy G" Gandolfo—Boston Faction

Inactive members
  • Luigi "Baby Shacks" Manocchio: Former boss from 1996 to 2009. Arrested in 2011 for his involvement in "shaking down" Rhode Island strip clubs. Released in the summer of 2015.
  • Raymond "Junior" Patriarca: Former boss and son of legendary boss Raymond L. S. Patriarca. Retired from mob life and now sells real estate in Rhode Island.
  • Vincent "The Animal" Ferrara: Former capo in the North End section of Boston. Now owns a series of legitimate businesses in and around Boston's North End.

Past members
  • Peter J. "Chief Crazy Horse" Limone a former boss of the family.[10] In 2001, Limone was released from prison after serving 33 years for a murder that he didn't commit.[29] Limone later won a $26 million judgment for his wrongful conviction.[29] Limone operated from Boston and served as the family's consigliere before 2009, after which he was promoted to boss. He was arrested on gambling charges in 2009; in 2010, he was given a suspended sentence.[29] He died on June 19, 2017.[48]

Historical leadership

Boss (official and acting)

(excluding Frank Morelli 1)

  • 1916–1924: Gaspare Messina—stepped down, died in 1957[6] Boston
  • 1924–1954: Filippo "Phil" Buccola—united both families in 1932, retired, died in 1987[5] Boston
  • 1954–1984: Raymond L.S. Patriarca, Sr.—imprisoned in 1970, died on July 11, 1984[1] Providence
  • 1984–1991: Raymond "Junior" Patriarca, Jr.—stepped down in 1991[1][3] Providence
  • 1991: Nicholas "Nicky" Bianco—imprisoned on December 28, 1991 and died on December 14, 1994[1] Providence
  • 1991–1996: Frank "Cadillac Frank" Salemme—jailed in 1995,[1] turned government witness[25] Boston
    • Acting 1995–1996: John "Jackie" Salemme—brother to Frank Salemme; jailed Boston
  • 1996–2009: Luigi "Baby Shacks" Manocchio—stepped down, imprisoned[10] Providence
  • 2009–2016: Peter "Chief Crazy Horse" Limone[10]—died June 19, 2017[48] Boston
    • Acting 2009–2012: Anthony L. DiNunzio—arrested on April 25, 2012[37][39] Boston
    • Acting 2012–2015: Antonio L. "Spucky" Spagnolo—arrested on October 2, 2014[42] Boston
    • Acting 2015–2016: Carmen "The Big Cheese" Dinunzio Boston
  • 2016–present: Carmen "The Big Cheese" Dinunzio Boston

Notes 1. Frank Morelli was the first boss of the Providence crime family from 1917 to 1932 when he stepped down, becoming Underboss to Buccola[5]

Underboss (official and acting)
  • c. 1920–1932: Joseph "J.L." Lombardo[5]—became consigliere Boston
  • 1932–1947: Frank "Butsey" Morelli—retired Providence
  • 1947–1954: Raymond L. S. Patriarca, Sr.—promoted to boss Providence
  • 1954–1967: Enrico "Henry the Referee" Tameleo—imprisoned for life in 1968, died 1985 Boston
  • 1967–1984: Gennaro "Jerry" Angiulo[3]—imprisoned in 1983, died 2009 Boston
  • 1984–1985: Francesco "Paul" Intiso—died[3]
  • 1985–1989: William "The Wild Man" Grasso—murdered[3]
  • 1989–1991: Nicholas "Nicky" Bianco—promoted to boss Providence
  • 1991–1991: Frank "Cadillac Frank" Salemme—promoted to boss[10] Boston
  • 1991–1996: Robert Deluca—imprisoned Providence
  • 1996–2004: Alexander Santoro "Sonny Boy" Rizzo—imprisoned in 1995–1998[49] Boston
  • 2004–2015: Carmen S. "The Cheese Man" DiNunzio Boston—promoted to acting boss
    • Acting 2008–2009: Peter "Chief Crazy Horse" Limone—promoted to boss[10] Boston
    • Acting 2009–2011: Robert "Bobby The Cigar" Deluca—turned government witness Providence
  • 2015–present: Matthew "Goodlooking Matty" Guglielmetti Providence

Consigliere
  • 1932–1954: Joseph "J.L." Lombardo—retired, died on July 17, 1969[9] Boston
  • 1954–1976: Frank "the Cheeseman" Cucchiara—committed suicide on January 23, 1976 Boston
  • 1976–1984: Nicolo "Nicky" Angiulo—demoted, died 1987 Boston
  • 1984–1987: Ilario "Larry Baiona" Zannino[3]—imprisoned in 1985, died 1996 Boston
  • 1987–1992: Joseph "J.R." Russo[3]—imprisoned in 1990, died 1998 Boston
  • 1992–1998: Charles "Cue Ball" Quintana—imprisoned in 1998 Boston
  • 1998–2002: Rocco "Shaky" Argenti—died Providence
  • 2003–2009: Peter "Chief Crazy Horse" Limone—promoted to Boss[10][35] Boston
  • 2009–2015: Anthony "Ponytail Tony" Parillo—imprisoned Providence[50]
  • 2016–2018: Joseph "Joe the Bishop" Achille—died Providence

Government informants and witnesses
NameRank and Year
Vincent TeresaHigh ranking Soldier (1971)
Angelo "Sonny" MercurioSoldier (1987/1988)
John "Sonny" CastagnaSoldier (1991)[51]
Gaetano MilanoSoldier (1991)
Antonino "Nino" CucinottaSoldier (1995)[52]
Frank "Cadillac Frank" SalemmeBoss (1999)
Mark RossettiCapo (2010)[53]
Robert "Bobby" DeLucaCapo (2011)[54]

Notes
  1. Capeci, pp. 69-71
  2. Puleo p. 157
  3. DeVico pp. 124-127
  4. Mark Silverman "Rogue Mobster" excerpt Archived May 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Crimemagazine.com Retrieved on 05-09-2012
  5. Ford p. 38
  6. Ford, pp. 59-60
  7. Critchley, p. 184
  8. Critchley p. 231
  9. Ford, pp.50-51
  10. White, Tim (November 24, 2008). "The History of New England's Mob Bosses: A Rhode Island legacy of Mafia Dons". Wpri.com. Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
  11. Morelli, pp.74
  12. Whearley, Jay (October 7, 2009). "Mob leader, WWII veteran Carlo Mastrototaro dies". Worcester Telegram & Gazette. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
  13. "When Robert Kennedy became Attorney General, he launched an aggressive program to place listening devices in as many mob-meeting places as possible. Agents also worked at developing informants within the ranks of organized crime". www.americanmafia.com. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
  14. "For his testimony, Barboza was given a one-year prison term, including time served. He was paroled in March 1969 and told to leave Massachusetts forever. In 1971, he pleaded guilty to a second-degree murder charge in California and sentenced to five years at Folsom Prison. Less than three months after his release he was murdered in San Francisco by Joseph "J. R." Russo on February 11, 1976". www.americanmafia.com. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
  15. "In 1978, Vincent Teresa testified that he was present in 1960 when the CIA gave the mob a $4 million dollar contract to murder Cuban leader Fidel Castro. Teresa stated that Patriarca helped select Maurice (Pro) Werner, a Brookline, Massachusetts convict to kill Castro, but the plot was never carried out". www.americanmafia.com. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
  16. Mashberg, Tom. "Meet the suspects: Mobster Bobby Donati". Boston Herald. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  17. Kurkjian, Stephen. Master Thieves: The Boston Gangsters Who Pulled Off the World's Greatest Art Heist. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  18. McCarthy, Chris. "Chris McCarthy: Is Mafia Boss Salemme Innocent?". WBSM. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  19. J. Craig, William (November 13, 2009). Last Rites: The Final Days of the Boston Mob Wars. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  20. "UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Vincent Michael MARINO, a/k/a Gigi Portalla, and John J. Patti III, Defendants, Appellants". Case Law. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  21. "La Cosa Nostra Associate Apprehended on Charges of Conspiracy to Murder, Racketeering". FBI ARCHIVES. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  22. Murphy, Shelley (February 24, 2000). "A contrite Salemme sentenced to 11 years". Boston Globe. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
  23. Fifteen Indicted on April 8, 1997
  24. Murphy, Shelley (December 10, 1999). "Salemme pleads guilty to racketeering: Plea deal would drop murder charges". Boston Globe. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
  25. Ranalli, Ralph (March 13, 2001). "Salemme reportedly to testify against Bulger". Boston Globe. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
  26. Valencia, Milton J. (May 8, 2012). "New England Mafia a shell of former self". Boston.com. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
  27. White, Tim (March 26, 2012). "Mystery mobster cooperated after charge: Court filing: RI mobsters paid Boston boss". Wpri.com. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  28. McPhee, Michele (November 13, 2011). "Mafia Boss Betrays Oath, Will Testify Against Bulger: Robert DeLuca Co-Operating With FBI, Sources Say". Bostonchannel.com. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
  29. "Alleged mob boss Peter Limone pleads no contest, gets no jail time". myfoxboston.com. July 1, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
  30. Valencia, Milton J. (July 1, 2010). "Limone admits running gambling and loan sharking ring, but avoids prison". Boston.com. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  31. Nesi, Ted (February 22, 2011). "'Shacks' is back! Or at least he will be Thursday". Wpri.com. Archived from the original on May 14, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  32. Murphy, Shelley (January 21, 2011). "Reputed ex-N.E. mob boss arrested Luigi Manocchio is held in nation's largest crackdown". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on May 14, 2012. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
  33. "Federal indictment against Luigi Manocchio". Boston.com. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  34. Nesi, Ted (February 24, 2011). "Feds: 'Shacks' kept mob ties, co-owns Atwells eatery". Wpri.com. Archived from the original on August 16, 2011. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  35. White, Tim (November 6, 2009). "Shakeup in Patriarca crime family: Target 12 investigates: "Who's the Boss?"". Wpri. Archived from the original on June 3, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  36. Valencia, Milton J. (May 11, 2012). "Former New England mob boss Luigi Manocchio sentenced to 5½ years in prison for strip club extortion". Boston.com. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  37. Bidgood, Jess (April 25, 2012). "Man Said to Be Acting Head of New England Mob Is Held". New York Times. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
  38. White, Tim (April 30, 2012). "Alleged mob boss wants out on bail: Anthony DiNunzio being held in CF prison". Wpri.com. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
  39. "Alleged Acting New England Crime Boss Anthony Dinunzio Charged in Racketeering and Extortion Conspiracy". United States Department of Justice. April 25, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
  40. Krause, Nancy (September 13, 2012). "Mob boss DiNunzio admits to strip club shakedown: Related to a string of similar indictments". Wpri.com. Retrieved May 5, 2013.
  41. Caligiuri, Courtney; Nancy Krause (November 14, 2012). "Mob boss DiNunzio sentenced to 6+ years: Related to a string of similar indictments". Wpri.com. Retrieved May 5, 2013.
  42. Valencia, Milton (October 2, 2014). "Alleged 'acting boss' of New England Mafia arrested". Boston Golobe. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  43. Tomison, Bill. "Mob associate to serve 5 years for 2011 nightclub assault". WPRI 12 Eyewitness News. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  44. Murphy, Shelley (May 2, 2008). "Carmen 'Cheese Man' DiNunzio indicted in Big Dig corruption sting". boston.com. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
  45. Murphy, Shelley (June 30, 2009). "'Cheese Man' to plead guilty to bribery, gaming charges". boston.com. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
  46. Murphy, Shelley (July 1, 2009). "DiNunzio to serve six years in plea deal". The Boston Globe. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
  47. White, Tim (September 24, 2009). "The "Cheeseman" gets 6 years in prison: He pleaded guilty to federal bribery charges". Wpri. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
  48. Murphy, Shelley (June 20, 2017). "Peter Limone, who spent 33 years in prison for murder he didn't commit, dies at 83". Boston Golobe. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
  49. Carr, Howie (July 8, 2007). "Mobster of the Week: Alexander Santoro 'Sonny Boy' Rizzo". Boston Herald. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
  50. Tomison, Bill. "Mob associate to serve 5 years for 2011 nightclub assault". WPRI 12 Eyewitness News. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  51. "Key Mob Trials Witness Is Spared Prison Term". Hartford Courant. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  52. "MOB WITNESS - State of the Mob in Rhode Island". Providence Journal. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
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  54. "Late mobster's son seeks leniency in extortion sentence". The Providence Journal. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
gollark: * decimal time
gollark: They also had metric time for a bit.
gollark: It was made by Frænce.
gollark: Or, well, measured in that.
gollark: Arbitrary but it's based on lightspeed now.

References
  • Capeci, Jerry. The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Mafia. Indianapolis: Alpha Books, 2002. ISBN 0-02-864225-2.
  • Critchley, David. The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891–1931. New York: Routledge Publishing, 2009. ISBN 0415990300.
  • DeVico, Peter J. The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra. Tate Publishing, 2007. ISBN 1602472548.
  • Ford, Beverly and Schorow, Stephanie. The Boston Mob Guide: Hit Men, Hoodlums & Hideouts. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2011. ISBN 978-1-60949-4209.
  • Morelli, Rocco. Forgetta 'Bout It: From Mafia to Ministry. Orlando, FL: Bridge-Logos Foundation, 2007. ISBN 0882703234.
  • Puleo, Stephen. The Boston Italians: A Story of Pride, Perseverance, and Paesani, from the Years of the Great Immigration to the Present Day. Boston: Beacon Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8070-5036-1.
  • Silverman, Mark and Scott Deitche. Rogue Mobster: The Untold Story of Mark Silverman and the New England Mafia. Strategic Media Books, 2012. ISBN 9780984233380.
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