Trichlorofluoromethane

Trichlorofluoromethane, also called freon-11, CFC-11, or R-11, is a chlorofluorocarbon. It is a colorless, faintly ethereal, and sweetish-smelling liquid that boils around room temperature.[3]

Trichlorofluoromethane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Trichloro(fluoro)methane
Other names
Trichlorofluoromethane
Fluorotrichloromethane
Fluorochloroform
Freon 11
CFC 11
R 11
Arcton 9
Freon 11A
Freon 11B
Freon HE
Freon MF
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.812
EC Number
  • 200-892-3
RTECS number
  • PB6125000
UNII
Properties
CCl3F
Molar mass 137.36 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid/gas
Odor nearly odorless[1]
Density 1.494 g/cm3
Melting point −110.48 °C (−166.86 °F; 162.67 K)
Boiling point 23.77 °C (74.79 °F; 296.92 K)
1.1 g/L (at 20 °C)
log P 2.53
Vapor pressure 89 kPa at 20 °C
131 kPa at 30 °C
Hazards
Safety data sheet See: data page
ICSC 0047
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
26,200 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
100,000 ppm (rat, 20 min)
100,000 ppm (rat, 2 hr)[2]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1000 ppm (5600 mg/m3)[1]
REL (Recommended)
 C 1000 ppm (5600 mg/m3)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 2000 ppm[1]
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
 Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Uses

It was the first widely used refrigerant. Because of its high boiling point (compared to most refrigerants), it can be used in systems with a low operating pressure, making the mechanical design of such systems less demanding than that of higher-pressure refrigerants R-12 or R-22.

Trichlorofluoromethane is used as a reference compound for fluorine-19 NMR studies.

Moratorium

R-11 is assigned an ozone depletion potential of 1.0, and U.S. production was ended on January 1, 1996.

Prior to the knowledge of the ozone depletion potential of chlorine in refrigerants and other possible harmful effects on the environment, trichlorofluoromethane was sometimes used as a cleaning/rinsing agent for low-pressure systems.[4]

Trichlorofluoromethane was formerly used in the drinking bird novelty, largely because it has a boiling point of 23.77℃ (74.79℉). The replacement, dichloromethane, boiling point 39.6℃ (103.3℉), requires a higher ambient temperature to work.

The substance was included in the production moratorium agreed in the Montreal Protocol of 1987. However, in 2018, its atmospheric concentration was noted to be declining more slowly than expected,[5] and it subsequently emerged that it remains in widespread use as a blowing agent for polyurethane foam insulation in the construction industry of China.[6]

  • Hemispheric and Global mean concentrations of CFC-11 (NOAA/ESRL)
  • Time-series of atmospheric concentrations of CFC-11 (Walker et al., 2000)
  • "Present day" (1990s) sea surface CFC-11 concentration
  • "Present day" (1990s) CFC-11 oceanic vertical inventory
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References
  1. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0290". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. "Fluorotrichloromethane". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. Siegemund, Günter; Schwertfeger, Werner; Feiring, Andrew; Smart, Bruce; Behr, Fred; Vogel, Herward; McKusick, Blaine (2002). "Fluorine Compounds, Organic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_349.
  4. "R-10 ,R-11 ,R-12 GASES - ملتقى التبريد والتكييف HVACafe". ملتقى التبريد والتكييف HVACafe (in Arabic). 2017-05-25. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
  5. Johnson, Scott (5 May 2018). "It seems someone is producing a banned ozone-depleting chemical again". Ars Technica. Retrieved 18 October 2018. Decline of CFC-11 has slowed in recent years, pointing to a renewed source
  6. McGrath, Matt (9 July 2018). "China 'home foam' gas key to ozone mystery". BBC News. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
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