Berea College

Berea College is a private liberal arts work college in Berea, Kentucky. Founded in 1855, Berea College is distinctive among post-secondary institutions for providing free education to students and for having been the first college in the Southern United States to be coeducational and racially integrated.[3] Berea College charges no tuition; every admitted student is provided the equivalent of a four-year scholarship.[3]

Berea College
Official logo of Berea College
MottoGod has made of one blood all peoples of the earth.[1]
TypePrivate undergraduate liberal arts college
Established1855
Religious affiliation
Christian (unaffiliated)
Endowment$1.219 billion (2019)[2]
PresidentLyle Roelofs
Academic staff
131
Undergraduates1,613[3]
Postgraduates0
Location
Berea
,
Kentucky
,
United States

37.573°N 84.292°W / 37.573; -84.292
CampusExurban (140 acres)
ColorsBlue and White
NicknameMountaineers
AffiliationsNCAA Division III — USA South
Websiteberea.edu

Berea offers bachelor's degrees in 32 majors.[3] It has a full-participation work-study program in which students are required to work at least 10 hours per week in campus and service jobs in any of over 130 departments. Berea's primary service region is Southern Appalachia, but students come from 46 states in the United States and 58 other countries, with approximately one in three students an ethnic minority or from outside the U.S.[3]

History

Founded in 1855 by the abolitionist John Gregg Fee (1816–1901), Berea College admitted both black and white students in a fully integrated curriculum, making it the first non-segregated, coeducational college in the South and one of a handful of institutions of higher learning to admit both male and female students in the mid-19th century. The college began as a one-room schoolhouse that also served as a church on Sundays on land that was granted to Fee by politician and abolitionist Cassius Marcellus Clay. Fee named the new community after the biblical Berea. Although the school's first articles of incorporation were adopted in 1859, founder John Gregg Fee and the teachers were forced out of the area by pro-slavery supporters in that same year.

Fee spent the Civil War years raising funds for the school, trying to provide for his family in Cincinnati, Ohio, and working at Camp Nelson. He returned afterward to continue his work at Berea. He spent nearly 18 months working mostly at Camp Nelson, where he helped provide facilities for the freedmen and their families, as well as teaching and preaching. He helped get funds for barracks, a hospital, school and church.

An ad for Berea College from 1900, placed in a black newspaper in Minnesota.

In 1866, Berea's first full year after the war, it had 187 students, 96 African American and 91 white. It began with preparatory classes to ready students for advanced study at the college level. In 1869, the first college students were admitted, and the first bachelor's degrees were awarded in 1873. Almost all the private and state colleges in the South were racially segregated. Berea was the main exception until a new state law in 1904 forced its segregation.[4] The college challenged the law in state court and further appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court in Berea College v. Kentucky. When the challenge failed, the college had to become a segregated school, but it set aside funds to help establish the Lincoln Institute near Louisville to educate black students.[5] In 1950, when the law was amended to allow integration of schools at the college level, Berea promptly resumed its integrated policies.

In 1925 famed advertiser Bruce Barton, a future congressman, sent a letter to 24 wealthy men in America to raise funds for the college. Every single letter was returned with a minimum of $1,000 in donation. During World War II, Berea was one of 131 colleges nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a navy commission.[6]

Up until the 1960s, Berea provided pre-college education in addition to college level curriculum. In 1968, the elementary and secondary schools (Foundation School) were discontinued in favor of focusing on undergraduate college education.[7]

Presidents
NameYears as president
1Edward Henry Fairchild(1869–89)
2William Boyd Stewart(1890–92)
3William Goodell Frost(1892–1920)
4William J. Hutchins(1920–39)
5Francis S. Hutchins(1939–67)
6Willis D. Weatherford(1967–84)
7John B. Stephenson(1984–94)
8Larry Shinn(1994–2012)
9Lyle D. Roelofs(2012–present)

(as of 2020)[5]

Academics
Draper Building

The college provides significant funding to assist students in studying abroad.[8] Berea students are also eligible to win the Thomas J. Watson Fellowship, which provides funding for a year of study abroad following graduation.[9] Like many private colleges, Berea does not enroll students based upon semester hours. Berea College uses a course credit system, which has the following equivalencies:

  • A 0.25 credit course is the equivalent of 1 semester hour.
  • A 0.50 credit course is the equivalent of 2 semester hours.
  • A 0.75 credit course is equivalent to 3 semester hours.
  • A 1.00 credit course is the equivalent to 4 semester hours.[10]

All students are required to attend the college on a full-time basis, which is 3.00 course credits of enrollment, or 12 semester hours. Students must be enrolled in at least 4.00 course credits to be considered for the Dean's list. Enrollment in 4.75 or more course credits requires the approval of the Academic Adviser, and a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.30. There are also optional Summer opportunities to engage in study. Students may take between 1 and 2.25 credits during Summer. One Berea course credit is equivalent to four semester hours (6 quarter hours). Part-time enrollment is not permitted except during Summer term. A cumulative GPA of 2.0 is required in all majors in order to graduate with a bachelor's degree.

Rankings
University rankings
National
Forbes[11] 464
THE/WSJ[12] 231
Liberal arts colleges
U.S. News & World Report[13] 46
Washington Monthly[14] 4

In 2019, Washington Monthly ranked Berea College 4th in the U.S. among liberal arts colleges based on its contribution to the public good, as measured by social mobility, research, and promoting public service.[15] The 2020 annual ranking of U.S. News & World Report categorizes Berea as 'more selective' and rates it tied for 46th overall, 2nd for "Most Innovative Schools", 4th for "Best Undergraduate Teaching" and tied for 14th in "Top Performers in Social Mobility" among liberal arts colleges in the U.S.[16] Kiplinger's Personal Finance places Berea 35th in its 2019 ranking of 149 best value liberal arts colleges in the United States.[17]

Scholarships and work program

Berea College provides all students with full-tuition scholarships and many receive support for room and board as well. Berea College charges no tuition; every admitted student is provided the equivalent of a four-year, full-tuition scholarship (currently worth over $150,000; $39,400 per year for 2018-2019). Admission to the college is granted only to students who need financial assistance (as determined by the FAFSA); in general, applications are accepted only from those whose family income falls within the bottom 40% of U.S. households. About 75% of the college's incoming class is drawn from the Appalachian region of the South and some adjoining areas, and about 8% are international students. Generally, no more than one student is admitted from a given country in a single year (with the exception of countries in distress such as Liberia). This policy ensures that 70 or more nationalities are usually represented in the student body of Berea College. All international students are admitted on full scholarships with the same regard for financial need as U.S. students.[18]

In order to support its extensive scholarship program, Berea College has one of the largest financial reserves of any American college when measured on a per-student basis. The endowment was $1.192 billion as of June 30, 2018.[19] The base of Berea College's finances is dependent on substantial contributions from individuals, foundations, corporations that support the mission of the college and donations from alumni. A solid investment strategy increased the endowment from $150 million in 1985 to its current amount.[20]

As a work college, Berea has a student work program in which all students work 10 or more hours per week on campus. Berea is one of only eight colleges in the United States and one of two in Kentucky (Alice Lloyd College being the other) to have mandatory work study programs. Employment opportunities range from busing tables at the Boone Tavern Hotel, a historic business owned by the college, to editing, writing, publishing, and managing the College's Independent Students' Newspaper The Pinnacle[21][22] or managing the hanging and focusing of lights for the productions at the Theatre Lab. Other job duties include janitorial labor, building management, resident assistance, teaching assistance, food service, gardening and groundskeeping, information technology, woodworking, weaving, and secretarial work. Some of the work-study has helped to extend and support practice of traditional crafts from the Appalachian region, such as weaving. Berea College has helped make the town a center for quality arts and crafts.[23]

Students were, as of 2019, paid an hourly wage from $5.60 to $8.60 by the college, based on the WLS ("Work, Learning, and Service") level attached to individual labor positions.[24] The college regularly increases student pay on a yearly basis, but it has never been equivalent to the federal minimum wage in the school's history. Because of the scheduling demands of both an academic requirement and a labor requirement, students are not allowed to work at off-campus jobs.

Christian identity

Berea was founded by Protestant Christians. It maintains a Christian identity separate from any particular denomination. The college's motto, "God has made of one blood all peoples of the earth", is taken from Acts 17:26. One General Studies course is focused on Christian faith, as every student is required to take an Understandings of Christianity course. In an effort to be sensitive to the diverse preferences and experiences of students and faculty, these courses are designed to be taught with respect for the unique spiritual journey of each individual, regardless of religious identification.

Library collections

The Hutchins Library maintains an extensive collection of books, archives, and music pertaining to the history and culture of the Southern Appalachian region. The Southern Appalachian Archives contain organizational records, personal papers, oral histories, and photographs. Included are the papers of the Council of the Southern Mountains (1912–1989) and the Appalachian Volunteers (1963–1970).

Student life
Berea College

Technology is an important part of life at Berea College. Since 2002, all students at Berea receive laptops that they take with them when they graduate. Students are not required to pay for the computers, though they do provide a small fee to support the technological infrastructure. Students are also not allowed to have cars on campus without a special permit, and student permits for cars are rarely granted to first- or second-year students. The college provides students with supplemental transport through a shuttle bus system.

Athletics

Berea College teams are nicknamed as the Mountaineers. The college is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, competing in Division III. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field, and volleyball.[25]

On February 20, 2012, the NCAA announced it had granted Berea permission to begin a one-year period exploring membership in its Division III, non-scholarship athletic program.[26]

On May 4, 2016, the USA South Athletic Conference announced that Berea would join the league effective in the 2017–18 school year.[27]

Notable alumni and faculty
gollark: Then, I just gave up and compiled it on my other thing with an older kernel, where it eventually worked.
gollark: I decided to look at the code in more detail. This was a mistake. It contained thousands of lines with minimally useful comments, for some reason its own implementation of hash tables (this is very C, I suppose), and apparently its own implementation of WiFi mesh things even though that should really be handled generically for any device.
gollark: After I was able to work through git's terrible CLI enough to make that work, and "fixed" some merge conflicts, it somehow compiled still, but upon plugging in the thing, hung things again. I had dmesg open, and apparently it was a page fault somehow in the code assigning names or something?
gollark: Then I noticed that they had merged patches a lot from the repo for a similar wireless chip, so I decided to just try and merge the "kernel 5.10 compatibility" thing from that, which had not made it in yet.
gollark: There was a repo on GitHub for doing that with it, but `insmod`ing it after compiling *somehow* hung my kernel so I had to reboot.

See also

References
  1. "Berea College: Our Motto". Archived from the original on 2018-07-19. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  2. As of June 30, 2019. "U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (Revised)". National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  3. "Cost of Attendance, 2018-19". Berea College. Archived from the original on 2019-04-10. Retrieved 2019-04-10.
  4. Richard Allen Heckman and Betty Jean Hall. "Berea College and the Day Law." Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 66.1 (1968): 35-52. in JSTOR Archived 2016-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
  5. "Berea College Early History". Berea College. Retrieved 2020-07-10.
  6. "Navy V-12 List of Deceased". Berea, Kentucky: Berea College. 2011. Archived from the original on March 31, 2012. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
  7. "About Berea College - History". Berea College. Archived from the original on 2014-02-17. Retrieved 2014-02-17.
  8. "Center for International Education: Berea College". Archived from the original on 2009-09-15. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
  9. "Thomas J. Watson Fellowship: CIE-Berea College". Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
  10. "Academic Services Advisor Guide: Berea College". Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
  11. "America's Top Colleges 2019". Forbes. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  12. "U.S. College Rankings 2020". Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  13. "Best Colleges 2020: National Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  14. "2019 Liberal Arts Rankings". Washington Monthly. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  15. "2019 Liberal Arts College Rankings". Washington Monthly. 25 August 2019. Archived from the original on September 13, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  16. "Berea College Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. 2020. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  17. "Kiplinger's Best College Values". Kiplinger's Personal Finance. July 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-08-21. Retrieved 2019-09-16.
  18. "Admission Requirements: Prospective Students". Archived from the original on 2009-10-25. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
  19. As of June 30, 2018. "U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2018 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2017 to FY 2018" (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute. 2018. Retrieved 2019-07-03.
  20. Brull, Steven. (September 2005). "Appalachian spring". Institutional Investor, p. 35.
  21. "The Pinnacle - Guardians of the Students' Right to Know". pub.berea.edu. Archived from the original on 2015-09-08. Retrieved 2015-10-12.
  22. "About The Pinnacle Newspaper- Berea College".
  23. "About Our Labor Program- Berea College". Archived from the original on 2009-10-05. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
  24. "Pay Schedule & Scale". Retrieved 2020-07-10.
  25. "Official Site of the Mountaineers". Berea Athletics. Berea College. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  26. "DIII panel suggests consequences for not meeting conference requirements". NCAA.org. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
  27. "Berea College and Pfeiffer University Set to Join USA South" (Press release). USA South Athletic Conference. May 4, 2016. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
  28. Herschbach, Dudley R.; Kolb, Charles E. (2014). "John Bennett Fenn" (PDF). National Academy of Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-04.
  29. The National Book Foundation's "5 Under 35" Fiction Selections for 2009 Archived 2010-07-27 at the Wayback Machine, National Book Foundation, accessed July 27, 2010
  30. "Willie Parker, M.D. to Speak at Berea College Convocation". Berea College - First Interracial/Coeducational College in the South. 2016-11-07. Archived from the original on 2019-03-28. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
  31. Biography for Jeffrey Reddick on IMDb
  32. Moyers, Bill (2009-03-27). Bill Moyers Journal: "James Thindwa" (Television Production). New York, NY: Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 2009-05-07. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  33. "Obituaries, Horace M. Trent". Physics Today. 18 (2): 86. 1965. doi:10.1063/1.3047224.

Bibliography
  • Adams, John D (2012). "The Berea College Mission to the Mountains: Teacher Training, The Normal Department, and Rural Community Development". Register of the Kentucky Historical Society. 110 (1): 33–66. doi:10.1353/khs.2012.0005.
  • Harris, Adam (October 2018). "The Little College Where Tuition Is Free and Every Student Is Given a Job". The Atlantic.
  • Peck, Elizabeth. Berea's First Century, 1855–1955. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1955.
  • Wilson, Shannon H. Berea College: An Illustrated History. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2006. ISBN 978-0-8131-2379-0

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