Bengali–Assamese languages
The Bengali–Assamese languages or Assamese–Bengali languages is a grouping of several languages. This group belongs to the Eastern zone of Indo-Aryan languages. There are 19 languages in this group as listed by Ethnologue including Assamese, Bengali, Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian, Hajong, Halbi, Kharia Thar, Kurmukar, Lodhi, Mal Paharia, Mirgan, Nahari, Rajbangshi, Rangpuri, Rohingya, Sylheti and Tangchangy.[3]
| Bengali–Assamese | |
|---|---|
| Gauda–Kamarupa | |
| Geographic distribution | Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European
|
| Glottolog | gaud1237 (Gauda–Kamrupa)[1] |
 A map showing geographical distribution of the sub-branches of Bengali-Assamese languages according to the classification of Suniti Kumar Chaterjee.[2] | |
Languages
| Language | Native name | Script | Alphabet | Number of speakers (in millions) | Native region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assamese | অসমীয়া Oxomiya |
Bengali-Assamese script | Assamese alphabet | 15.3[4] |  |
| Bengali | বাংলা baṅla |
Bengali-Assamese script | Bengali alphabet | 261.8[5] |  |
| Bishnupriya Manipuri | বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Bișnupriya Monipuri |
Bengali-Assamese script | Bengali alphabet[6] | 0.12[6] | |
| Chakma | 𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟 চাকমা Sangma |
Bengali-Assamese script Chakma script |
0.32[7] |  | |
| Chittagonian | চাঁটগাঁইয়া Čąŧgąiya |
Bengali-Assamese script | Bengali alphabet | 13[8] | |
| Hajong | হাজং Hazong |
Bengali-Assamese script Latin script |
Assamese alphabet[9][10] Bengali alphabet[11] |
0.06[11] | |
| Rangpuri/Kamtapuri/Rajbongshi | রংপুরী কামতাপুরী রাজবংশী কোচ ৰাজবংশী Kamatapuri Rajbongši Kʊch rajbongsi |
Bengali-Assamese script | Bengali alphabet[12] | 10.8[12] |  |
| Rohingya | رُاَࣺينڠَ Ruáingga |
Arabic script Hanifi script Latin script |
2.52[13] | | |
| Sylheti | ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ছিলটি Siloŧi |
Bengali-Assamese script Sylheti Nagari script |
Bengali alphabet[14] | 11.8[14] | |
| Tanchangya | 𑄖𑄧𑄐𑄴𑄌𑄧𑄁𑄉𑄴𑄡 তঞ্চংগ্যা Toncongya |
Bengali-Assamese script Chakma script |
0.02[15] | |
Language comparison chart
* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)
| English | Assamese | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Hajong | Kamata | Rohingya | Sylheti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| beautiful | dhunia, xundor* | šundor* | dol | šundor* | cúndor*, hásin* | šundor* | ||
| big | daṅor/daṅar, bor | boṛo | ḍoõr | boro, daṅar | boro, ákbor*, kobira* | boṛo | ||
| blood | tez, rokto* | rôkto*, khun* | lo | lou | lou, hún*, kún* | lou, roxto*, khun* | ||
| bread | ruti (flat), pau*ruti, luf*, bred* | pão*ruṭi, ruṭi (flat) | fó*ruti | fiçá, luthi | ruṭi (flat), luf*, bereḍ* | |||
| brother | bhai (younger), kokai/kaka (elder), dada (elder)* | bhai, dada, bhaiya* | bái | bhai | bái | bái, báiya* | ||
| cat | mekuri, birali | biṛal, beṛal | bilai | bilai | mekur, bilai | |||
| dark | andhar, endhar | ãdhar, ondhokar* | ãdár | añdár, miyonda | andáir | |||
| daughter | zi, mai, zhia | meye, beṭi | zíi, maia fua | beti | futúni, zíi | zi, fuṛi | ||
| day | din, rüz*, bela | din, bêla, roj*, dibôš* | din | din | din | din, ruz* | ||
| dog | kukur | kukur, kutta | kuñr | kutta | ||||
| door | duar*, dorza*, dar | dôrja*, duar* | duar* | duar* | duar* | dorza*, doroza*, duar* | ||
| earth | bhũi, p(r)ithiwi/p(r)ithibi*, dunia* | duniya*, prithibi*, dhora* | dunia* | duniyai* | dunuai* | |||
| egg | koni, dima | ḍim, anḍa, boida* | boda* | boza*, ḍim | ḍima | andha, dhim | ḍim, enḍa, boida* | |
| elephant | hati | hati | áti | hati | áñti, háñtih | átti | ||
| eye | soku, sokhu, noyon* | chokh, chokkhu*, ankhi, noyon* | sóg | suk | souk, soku, noyon* | |||
| father | deuta*, bap, büpai/bapa, baba*, aba/abba/abu/abbu* | abba*, baba*, baap, abbu* | baf, ba | abbá* | abba*, baf, baba*, abbu*, bazi | |||
| fear | bhoy, dor | bhôy, ḍor | ḍor | ḍor | ḍor | |||
| finger | aṅuli | aṅgul, onguli* | oul | ouñl | aṅguil | |||
| fire | zui, aguni*, ogni* | agun*, ogni* | ain* | ooin* | aguin* | |||
| fish | mas | machh | mas | mas | mas | mas | ||
| food | khüabostu*, ahar*, khayddo*, khaüni, khana* | khabar, khana* | hána | hána, háñna | xani | |||
| god | bhogowan*, issôr*, deu, khüda* | khoda*, ishshôr*, uporwala*, bhogoban* | khúda* | ila*, rob*, ixor* | rob*, xuda* | |||
| good | bhal | bhalo | bala, gom | bhala | bhal | gom | bála | |
| grass | ghah, kher (hay) | ghaš, khôṛ (hay) | kher | ghaṣ | kérr | ga, gaš | ||
| hand | hat | hat | át | hat | árt | át | ||
| hand fan | bisoni | hat-pakha | bisoin, bisein | bisoin, faxa | ||||
| head | mur, matha, math | matha, shir* | mata | matá | mata | |||
| heart (emotion) | hia, ontor*, koliza/koilza, hidoy* | hridôy*, pran*, ôntor*, hiya, dil*, kolob* | dil*, fôran* | dil* | dil*, ontor*, kolob* | |||
| heart (organ) | dil, amothu | hritpindo* | dil* | dil* | ||||
| horse | ghüra | ghoṛa | gúṛa | gúñra, gúra | guṛa | |||
| house | ghor | ghôr, baṛi, basha, khana | gor | gor, bari | gór, bari, basha, khana | |||
| hunger | bhük | kkhudha*, kkhida*, bhukh | bukh | búk | buk, feṭo(r) buk | |||
| language | bhaxa*, mat (call), kotha*, raw | bhaša*, buli | hodá* | baša* | raw, bhaṣa* | zoban*, hodá* | basha*, zoban*, mat, buli | |
| laughter | hahi | haši | aši | haṣi | aši | |||
| life | ziwon/zibon, ziu (soul), zindegi*, hayat* | jibôn, zindegi* | zibon | zibon | zibon, zindegi*, hayat* | |||
| moon | zün, san(d), sond(r)o* | chãd, chondro* | sãn | san | san | san(d) | ||
| mother | ma, ai, mai, ammi/amma* | ma, amma*, ammu*, mata* | ma | maö, ai | ma, amma*, mai, ai, ammu* | |||
| mouth | mukh* | mukh* | mukh* | muk* | muk | |||
| name | nam, naü | nam | nam | nam | ||||
| night | rati, nixa*, ratri* | rat, ratri*, shob* | rait | rati | rait | rait, raitri*, shob* | ||
| peace | xanti*, xokah | shanti* | šanti* | ṣanti* | shanti*, salamot | |||
| place | thai, zega/zaga*, than | jayga*, ṭhai, sthan* | ṭai, zaega* | zega*, zaga* | ||||
| queen | rani | rani | rani | rani | rani | rani | ||
| rest | zironi, aram* | aram*, bishrom* | dom* | aram* | ||||
| river | noi, gaṅ, nodi* | nôdi*, doriya* | hál | ɡaṅg, nodi*, doria* | ||||
| road | bat, ali, rasta*, poth* | rasta*, shoṛok | rasta*, ail, fot* | |||||
| salt | nimokh*, lün, nun | lobon*, nun, nimok* | nun, lôbôn* | nun, lobon*, nimox* | ||||
| sister | bhoni (younger), ba/bai (elder) | bon, didi, apa, apu, api | boin | bóin, afa, afai, afu, api, didimoni | ||||
| small | xoru | chhoṭo | gura | huru, suṭo | ||||
| son | put, pü, putro/putto* | chhele, putro*, put | fua | beṭa | fut | fut, fua | ||
| soul | ziu, atma* | ãtta*, pran*, ruh* | foran*, ru* | ru(h), atta* | ||||
| sun | beli, xuruz*, xuydzo* | shurjo* | beil, šuroz* | beil | shuruz*, shurzo* | |||
| ten | doh, dos* | dosh | doš | doṣ | dosh | |||
| three | tini | tin | tin | tin | ||||
| village | gaü | gram*, gã | gãu | gau, geram* | ||||
| waist | kokal, kakal | komor* | keĩl | keñil | xomor*, xaxal | |||
| water | pani | pani, jol | fani | pani | pani, zol | faní | fani | |
| when | ketia, ketiyake | kôkhon, kobe | hótte | könbela | kunbela, xobe, kunshomoe* | |||
| wind | botah/batah, hawa* | batash, hawa* | ába*, bataš | batash | ||||
| wolf | kukurnesia bagh, xial (jackal, fox) | nekṛe-bagh, sheyal/shiyal (jackal, fox) | neṛi kutta | hial (jackal, fox) | ||||
| woman | maiki manuh, tiri*, tirüta, mohila* | mohila*, nari* | mai fua | beṭi saöa | beṭi, moíla* | |||
| year | bosor, son* | bochhor, shal*, borsho* | bosor | bosor | bosor, shal* | |||
| yes | hoy, o, ü̃, mm | hễ, ji* | ô, ôy | óe, i, zi* óe | ||||
| no | nohoy, nai, ühü, na | na, nai, nay, noy, nei, non | nô, nôy | na, nai, nay | ||||
| yesterday | kali, züa-kali | (goto*-)kal(-ke) | goto* hail, goto* halia | (gese-)xail(-ku), (goto*-)xail(-ku) | ||||
| English | Assamese | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Hajong | Kamata | Rohingya | Sylheti |
* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)
Verbs
| English | Assamese | Sylheti | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Kamata | Rohingya | Hajong |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ask | xudh-, xudhpus kor- (investigate) | zika- | jiggaśa kor-, puchh-, jiggesh kor- | pũs ɡor- | ||||
| bite | kamur-, kamür mar- | xamṛa-, xamor mar- | kamoṛ mar- | hõr- | ||||
| blow | phu de-, phuk-, phu kor- | fu de- | phu de- | |||||
| breathe | uxah lo- | dom lo- | šãš ne-, dom ne- | |||||
| bring | an- | an- | an-, en- | an- | ||||
| can | par- | far- | par-, per- | |||||
| catch | dhor- | dór- | dhor- | |||||
| come | ah- | a- | aś-, eś- | a- | a- | ah- | ||
| count | gon-, hisap kor-, gonti kor- | gon-, hiśab xor- | gon-, hišab kor- | |||||
| cry | kand-, kan- | xand- | kãd- | hãd- | ||||
| cut | kat- | xaṭ- | kaṭ-, keṭ- | |||||
| do | kor- | xor- | kor- | gor- | ɡor- | |||
| die | mor-, dhuka- | mor- | mor- | mor- | ||||
| dig | khand- | xor-, xus- | khõṛ-, khõc- | |||||
| drink | kha-, pi kha-, pi- | xa- | kha-, pan kor- | |||||
| eat | kha- | xa- | kha-, khe- | há- | ||||
| fall | por- | foṛ- | poṛ- | |||||
| fear | bhoy kha-, dora- | ḍora- | bhoy pa-, ḍora- | |||||
| fight | zũz-, maramari/moramori kor- | mara-mari xor-, zogra xor- | maramari kor- | |||||
| float | üpoṅ-, bhah- | bo- | bhaša- | |||||
| flow | bo- | bo- | bo- | |||||
| fly | ur- | uṛ- | uṛ- | ur- | ur- | |||
| give | de-, di- | de-, di- | de-, di- | |||||
| go | za-, ɡo-/ge- | za-, ɡo-, ɡe- | ja-, ɡi- | za-, zo- | za-, zo- | |||
| happen | ho- | ó- | ho- | ó- | ||||
| hear | xun- | hun- | śun- | un- | ||||
| hit | mar-, pit-, kila- | mar-, kila- | mar- | |||||
| kill | mar-, mari pela- | mar-, mari fala- | mar-, mer- | |||||
| know | zan- | zan- | jan- | |||||
| laugh | hah- | aś- | haś-, heś- | aś- | ||||
| learn | xik-, xikh- | hik- | śekh-, śikh- | hik- | ||||
| lie (in bed) | baɡor-, kati ho-, bisonat/bisnat por- | xait xor- | ||||||
| live | thak-, zi(ai) thak-, tik-, basi thak- | tax-, zinda ro-, basi tax- | thak-, jibito thak- | thah- | ||||
| look | sa- | sa- | dekh- | sa- | ||||
| open | khul- | kúl- | khol- | uid-, khúl- | ||||
| play | khel- | xél- | khel- | |||||
| pull | tan- | ṭan- | ṭan-, ṭen- | |||||
| push | thel- | ṭel- | ṭhel- | |||||
| read | porh/poh/por- | foṛ- | poṛ- | foṛ- | ||||
| run | dour-, daur- | douṛ- | douṛ- | dũr- | ||||
| say | ko-, mat-, bul- | xo-, mat- | bol-, ko- | ho- | ho- | |||
| scratch | ãsür- | xawza- | ãcoṛ de- | |||||
| see | dekh- | dex- | dekh- | sa- | ||||
| sew | xi-, sila-, bo- (weave) | śila- | śela- | |||||
| sing | ɡa-, gan ga- | gan ɡa- | ɡa-, ɡe- | |||||
| sit | boh- | bo- | boś- | bo- | ||||
| sleep | xu-, ɡhuma-, tüponi za/mar- | hut-, ɡúma- | ɡhuma-, śu- | ɡhum za- | ||||
| smell | xuṅ- | huṅ(ɡ)- | śũkh- | ũ- | ||||
| spit | thu pela-, pik-, pik pela- | tu fala- | thu phel- | |||||
| split | phal- | bang- | bhag kor- | |||||
| squeeze | sep-, hẽs- | sif- | cap, piṛon | |||||
| stand | thio ho-, thia- | uba- | dãṛa- | thio- | tía- | |||
| stab | khũs-, han- | |||||||
| suck | suh-, sup-, xüh- | |||||||
| swell | ||||||||
| swim | xatũr- | hatra- | śatar kor- | |||||
| think | bhab-, sinta kor-, sint- | bab-, sinta xor- | bhab- | |||||
| throw | dolia- | iṭa mar- | ||||||
| tie | bandh- | band- | bãdh-, bẽdh- | |||||
| vomit | bomi kor- | bomi xor- | ||||||
| walk | khüz karh-, bul- | aṭ- | hãṭ-, hẽṭ- | ãd- | ||||
| want | lag-, bisar- | laɡ-, sa- | ca- | sa- | ||||
| wash | dhu- | dó- | dhö- | dú- | ||||
| wipe | mos-, müs- | fus-, mus- | ||||||
| English | Assamese | Sylheti | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Kamata | Rohingya | Hajong |
gollark: Snail bank.
gollark: Business ideas other than snail farm?
gollark: "Yes, thank you. I operate a small but profitable snail farm, and would be interested in receiving more capital to make this work."
gollark: But I think I should say "yes" and talk about some immensely stupid business idea.
gollark: I received this electronic mail message. Obviously it's a scammer. How can I annoy this person?
References
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Gauda–Kamrupa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- The origin and development of Bengali language https://archive.org/details/OriginDevelopmentOfBengali/page/n235/mode/1up%7CChaterjee%7Cpage=140
- "Bengali-Assamese". Ethnologue. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- "Assamese". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- "Bengali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- "Bishnupuriya". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- "Chakma". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- "Chittagonian". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- Hajong, Abonis; Philipps, D.; Philipps, V. (2008). Hajong – Ingreji Sobdojor Bôy: Hajong – English Phrasebook (PDF). SIL International. p. 1.
- "Hajong".
- "Hajong". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- "Rangpuri". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- "Rohingya". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- "Sylheti". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- "Tangchangya". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Bibliography
- Hajong, Abonis; Phillips, D; Phillips, V (2008), Hajong–English Phrase Book, SIL International
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