Ashby St Ledgers

Ashby St Ledgers is a village in the Daventry district of Northamptonshire, England.[1] The post town is Rugby in Warwickshire. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 173.[2] The Manor House is famous for being a location for the planning of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605.[3]

Ashby St Ledgers
The manor house where the Gunpowder Plot was reportedly planned
Ashby St Ledgers Location within Northamptonshire
Population	173 (2011 Census)
OS grid reference	SP5768
• London	78 miles (126 km)
District	Daventry
Shire county	Northamptonshire
Region	East Midlands
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	RUGBY
Postcode district	CV23
Dialling code	01788
Police	Northamptonshire
Fire	Northamptonshire
Ambulance	East Midlands
UK Parliament	Daventry

Location

The nearest large towns are Rugby, 5 miles (8.0 km) north west, and Daventry, 3 miles (4.8 km) south. The A5 road, following the course of the Roman Watling Street, passes about a mile east. Rugby has the nearest railway station on the West Coast Main Line, with trains to London Euston and several other parts of the country. It is about 5 miles (8.0 km) north via the A5 to the M1 London to Yorkshire motorway junction 18 and about 7 miles (11.3 km) south to junction 16.

History

Ashby St Ledgers was first mentioned in the Domesday Book, which gave the place name as Ascebi ("ash tree settlement"). In Norman times, a church was erected on the site, dedicated to Saint Leodegarius, from whom the modern-day name is derived.

Notable buildings

Manor House

The manor was given as a gift to Hugh de Grandmesnil by William the Conqueror and passed to various other occupants until 1375, when it passed into the Catesby family and became their principal residence.

The manor was briefly confiscated after the attainder and execution of William Catesby, one of Richard III's counsellors, after the defeat at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, but was later returned to his son, George. It passed down the male line to Robert Catesby's father, Sir William Catesby, who managed to hold on to the property in spite of massive debts caused by recusancy fines and years of imprisonment for his brave adherence to the Roman Catholic faith.

A contemporaneous engraving of the conspirators (detail). By Crispijn van de Passe the Elder.^[1] Use a cursor to explore

1. ^ The Gunpowder Plot Conspirators, Crispiijn van de Passe, National Portrait Gallery, accessed 12 March 2010

The manor's central location was convenient to the houses of the Catesbys' many friends and relations, which supposedly made Ashby St Ledgers a type of 'Command Centre' during the planning of the Gunpowder Plot. In the room above the Gatehouse, with its privacy from the main house and clear view of the surrounding area, Robert Catesby, his servant Thomas Bates and the other conspirators are said to have planned a great deal of the Gunpowder Plot.[4] Catesby was killed with some other plotters at Holbeche House, whereas his servant was executed in the following January.

Following Robert Catesby's death in 1605, the manor was confiscated by the crown as the property of a traitor. However, Lady Anne Catesby had a life interest in a large portion of the property, given her by her husband at their marriage. This preserved a portion of the estate from alienation, and though an attempt was made in 1618 to reverse that, the settlement remained.[5] In 1612, it was purchased by Bryan I'Anson (1560-1634), Sheriff of the City of London.[6] He was the father of Sir Bryan I'Anson, 1st Bt., of Ashby St Ledgers; Gentleman of the Bedchamber to Charles I of England.[7] In 1703, Esther I'Anson (Sir Bryan's elder brother John's great-granddaughter) sold the manor to Joseph Ashley, a London draper. When his great nephew, also called Joseph Ashley, died in 1798, the manor passed to his daughter, Mary, who was the wife of Sir Joseph Senhouse. Their daughter, Elizabeth, married Joseph Pocklington in 1835, and the manor remained in their family until 1903, when it was sold to Ivor Guest, 1st Viscount Wimborne,[4][6] who had previously rented it for hunting.[8]

Viscount Wimborne's grandson and namesake, Ivor Guest, 3rd Viscount Wimborne, sold the estate in 1976. It passed through a series of owners, including the British Airways Pension Fund, who separated the manor house from the rest of the estate. In 1998 the 3rd Viscount's son Ivor Guest, 4th Viscount Wimborne, bought the house, which had fallen into neglect,[4] and restored it over two years.[8] It was purchased by his cousin, Henry Guest, and his wife Nova.[4]

The original medieval manor house was gradually replaced by later buildings, starting with a new range probably erected by the Catesbys in the early Tudor period. The I'Ansons created the main façade and an adjacent tower in the first half of the 17th century, together with another freestanding building across the court from the surviving medieval building. After being widowed in 1828, Mary Senhouse took up residence in the manor and expanded it in Jacobean revival style; a lifesize oil painting on the cellar door of a "Herculean" figure brandishing a club dates to this period and presumably alludes to the Guy Fawkes association of the house. The house was further expanded throughout the 19th century and then under the ownership of the Wimborns extensively remodelled by Edwin Lutyens, who worked on it for 40 years, the longest commission of his career, while also carrying out other commissions in the village. He created a new garden façade and a new range with its own tower, and behind the Jacobean façade, new Edwardian rooms with the floor lowered to give added height to the interiors. Rubble stone was used for the new building to blend with the original cut stone; some salvaged antique building elements were also used, including a complete medieval house from Ipswich that had been on exhibit in London in 1908.[4] Lutyens' interiors were partially modified in the late 20th century, including demolition of the north wing,[9] but the house was restored by the 4th Viscount Winborn at the start of the 21st century.[4]

The Baker family bought the 2,337-acre (9.46 km²) Ashby St Ledgers estate from the British Airways Pension Fund in 1982. It includes an organic dairy farm, a country sports centre and Chapel Farm, which 150 years ago was the home of Thomas Arnold, the headmaster of Rugby School. The Bakers sold the estate to The Crown Estate in 2005.[10] It will continue to be run as an agricultural business, but governed by its Rural Directorate.

Other buildings

The church is dedicated to Saint Leodegarius and has wall paintings showing the Passion of Christ ca. 1500, with 18 scenes, and the flagellation of St Margaret, ca. 1325.[11]

The village has a pub, the Olde Coach House Inn.

Ashby Lodge, a house built by Londoner George Arnold in the early 1720s on the edge of the manor estate, was demolished in the 1920s.[4]

References

1. OS Explorer Map Map 223 - Northampton & Market Harborough (1:25 000) ISBN 0 319 23735 4
2. "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
3. History of Ashby St Ledgers - The Gunpowder Plot Society Archived 8 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine
4. John Goodall, "Ashby St Legers (sic): A spectacular house where the Gunpowder Plot was hatched", Country Life, 3 November 2017.
5. Stephens, Leslie (1885). Dictionary of National Biography. 9. London: London, Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 282, 284.
6. Lawrence James, The Middle Class: A History [Little, Brown, 2006], repr. London: Abacus, 2011, ISBN 9780349115436.
7. History of the I'Anson family of Ashby St Ledgers
8. Annabel Freyberg, "Rescuing the home where the Gunpowder Plot was hatched", The Telegraph, 1 March 2013.
9. Nikolaus Pevsner, Northamptonshire, The Buildings of England, [Penguin, 1961], rev. ed. Bridget Cherry, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1973, repr. 2002, ISBN 9780300096323, pp. 90–92, p. 91.
10. "Queen buys gunpowder plot estate", BBC News, 22 October 2005.
11. Pevsner, pp. 89–90, with illustration of the wall paintings.

External links

• Ashby [St Ledgers] in the Domesday Book