Ascarat

Ascarat (Basque: Azkarate) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

Ascarat

Azkarate
Commune
Traditional Farmhouse in Ascarat
Coat of arms
Location of Ascarat
Ascarat
Ascarat
Coordinates: 43°10′17″N 1°15′14″W
CountryFrance
RegionNouvelle-Aquitaine
DepartmentPyrénées-Atlantiques
ArrondissementBayonne
CantonMontagne Basque
IntercommunalityCA Pays Basque
Government
 • Mayor (2014-2020) Jean-Michel Galant
Area
1
5.82 km2 (2.25 sq mi)
Population
 (2017-01-01)[1]
321
 • Density55/km2 (140/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
64066 /64220
Elevation120–446 m (394–1,463 ft)
(avg. 161 m or 528 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

The inhabitants are known as Azkaratear.[2][3]

Geography
The fronton in the square

Ascarat is located in the former province of Lower Navarre in the Aldudes Valley immediately north-west of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. Access to the commune is by the D918 road from Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port which passes through the length of the commune on the eastern side and continues to Louhossoa. The D15 road goes north-west from Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port through the southern part of the commune continuing to Irouléguy. Access to the village is by country roads - Garategana from the D15 and Learraa from the D918. There are substantial forests in the commune however about 70% of the land area is farmland.[4]

The Nive river forms the eastern border of the commune as it flows north to join the Adour at Bayonne. Three streams flow into the Nive in the commune: the Nive d'Arnéguy, the Nive de Béhérobie, the Berroko erreka, and the Pagolako erreka.[4]

Places and hamlets[5]
  • Apelchénéa
  • Arbelarréa
  • Arrécharborda
  • Béhérekoetchéa
  • Bentaberria
  • Beskinaénéa
  • Bidartéa
  • Bordia
  • Burugorriénéa
  • Caracotchéa
  • Choko Ona
  • Errékaldéa
  • Fargas (château)
  • Ferrandoénéa
  • Garatégaïna
  • Haranbiako Borda
  • Harguinaénéa
  • Harguinchuria
  • Hirureta
  • Indartéa
  • Iputchaénéa
  • Ithurraldéa
  • Ithurricheta
  • Jauberria
  • Pontoussénéa
  • Puchulua
  • La Solitude
  • Tofinaenea
  • Uhaldéa

Toponymy

The name Ascarat appears in the forms:

  • Ascarat (1106[6]),
  • Escarat (13th century[6]),
  • Azcarat (1350[6]),
  • Atzcarat (1366[6]),
  • Azquarat (1413[6]),
  • Axcarat (1513,[7] Titles of Pamplona[8]),
  • Axcarate (1621,[7] Martin Biscay[9]), and
  • Sanctus Julianus d'Ascarat (1763,[7] Collations of the Diocese of Bayonne[10]).

Jean-Baptiste Orpustan indicated that the name is composed of aitz ("rock") and garate ("high place"), giving "a height of rocks".[6]

Chubitoa was a hamlet in Ascarat and Anhaux, mentioned in 1863[11]

Jauréguy was a fief, vassal of the Kingdom of Navarre, cited in the 1863 dictionary[12] as was Larragoyen.[13]

The commune name in basque is Azkarate.[3]

History

The parish was mentioned in 1256 and was "ravaged by soldiers" in 1396.[14]

In 1391 Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry included the modern communes of Anhaux, Ascarat, Irouléguy, and Lasse.[15]

Heraldry
Arms of Ascarat
 Blazon:

Quarterly, at 1 Azure, a vine stalk leaved in Argent, fruited in Or; at 2 Argent an eagle rising of Sable on a mount of Vert; at 3 Argent with 2 fesses of Gules; at 4 Azure with a horse gai passant of Or surmounted by two mullets of Argent posed in fesse, a canton sinister of Gules charged with a sword of Argent.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors[16]

FromToNamePartyPosition
19952020Jean-Michel GalantABGeneral Councillor

(Not all data is known)

Inter-communality

The commune is part of nine inter-communal structures:[17]

  • the Community of communes of Garazi-Baigorri;
  • the SIVOS of Garazi;
  • the SIVU Hiruen Artean;
  • the AEP association of Anhice;
  • the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
  • the inter-communal association for sanitation of Ur Garbi;
  • the inter-communal association for the management and development of the abattoir at Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port;
  • the joint association for the Drainage basin of the Nive;
  • the association to support Basque culture.

Demography

In 2010 the commune had 312 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.[Note 1]

Population change (See database)
1793 1800 1806 1821 1831 1836 1841 1846 1851
334 260 279 369 402 441 440 445 403
1856 1861 1866 1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896
340 375 354 360 353 350 354 346 412
1901 1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946 1954
338 350 354 321 323 355 353 348 325
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2010 -
274 283 282 294 294 275 280 312 -
Population of Ascarat

Economy

The commune is part of the production zone of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) of Irouléguy and also of the AOC zone of Ossau-iraty.

Economic activity is mainly agricultural.

Culture and heritage
The Church

Civil heritage

There are several houses and farms in the commune which are registered as historical monuments. These are:

  • Uhaldea House (18th century)[18]
  • Harizpea Farm (1587)[19]
  • Chateau de Vergues (or Chateau de Fargas) (18th century)[20]
  • Houses and Farms (17th-19th centuries)[21]

Religious heritage

The Church of Saint-Julien-d'Antioche is of medieval origin was heavily rebuilt in the 18th and 19th century.[22]

Notable people linked to the commune
gollark: Sigma is a Greek letter.
gollark: * inclusive
gollark: * with x varying between those
gollark: It sums the value in brackets from the bottom number to the top number.
gollark: It means sum.

See also

Notes and references

Notes
  1. At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by Law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" allows, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References
  1. "Populations légales 2017". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  2. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, Dictionary of place names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2009, Archives and Culture, ISBN 978-2-35077-151-9 (in French)
  3. Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language (Basque)
  4. Google Maps
  5. Géoportail, IGN (in French)
  6. Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, ISBN 2 86781 396 4 (in French)
  7. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011, p. 15 (in French)
  8. Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda (in French)
  9. Derecho de naturaleza que la merindad de San-Juan-del-pie-del-puerto, una de las seys de Navarra, tiene en Castilla - 1622 petit in-4° (in Spanish)
  10. Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  11. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 50 (in French)
  12. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 85 (in French)
  13. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, p. 94 (in French)
  14. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000420 Presentation of the commune of Ascarat (in French)
  15. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000425 Presentation of the commune of Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry (in French)
  16. List of Mayors of France (in French)
  17. Intercommunality of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Archived 2014-05-12 at the Wayback Machine, Cellule informatique préfecture 64, consulted on 2 March 2012 (in French)
  18. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000459 Uhaldea House (in French)
  19. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000416 Harizpea Farm (in French)
  20. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000415 Chateau de Vergues (in French)
  21. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000486 Houses and Farms (in French)
  22. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000414 Church of Saint-Julien-d'Antioche (in French)
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