Arette

Arette (Areta in Occitan) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France. It is located in the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and is one of the six communes of the canton of Aramits: the other five being Ance, Aramits (commune), Féas, Issor, and Lanne-en-Barétous.

Arette Village.
The War Memorial.
The Primary School.
Arette Church.
The fronton.
The Vert d'Arette.
Arette
Commune
Town hall
Coat of arms
Location of Arette
Arette
Arette
Coordinates: 43°05′46″N 0°42′56″W
CountryFrance
RegionNouvelle-Aquitaine
DepartmentPyrénées-Atlantiques
ArrondissementOloron-Sainte-Marie
CantonOloron-Sainte-Marie-1
IntercommunalityVallée de Barétous
Government
 • Mayor (2001–2020) Pierre Casabonne
Area
1
92.23 km2 (35.61 sq mi)
Population
 (2017-01-01)[1]
1,057
 • Density11/km2 (30/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
64040 /64570
Elevation292–2,315 m (958–7,595 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Geography

Arrete is located some 15 km south by south-west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and some 4 km south-east of Aramits. It lies close to both the French Basque region and borders Spain in the south. It is within the borders of Béarn, one of the traditional French provinces.

Access to the commune is by French rail SNCF to Pau, and a short bus ride to Arrete. Less scenic is the automobile route: D918 road from Lanne-en-Barétous in the north-west coming south-east to the village then continuing east to Issor. The D132 goes south from the village down the length of the commune following a tortuous mountain route before exiting the southern border of the commune over the Col de la Pierre St Martin (1,760m), which is also the border with Spain, and becoming the Spanish NA-137 which continues to Isaba. The D341 also goes south-east from the village then south, connecting with the D241 at the Col de Labays (1,351m) going east to join the E7 highway south of Sarrance, then continuing along the south-western border to join the D441 south of the commune. The D133 also goes north from the village to Aramits.[2]

Bus Route 848 of the Intercity Network of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (Transports 64) links Arette to Oloron-Sainte-Marie.

Arette is a very large commune and has a land area of 92 km2. It is also mountainous (the La Pierre Saint-Martin ski resort is within its borders, for example) and its highest peak is the 2,315 m Soum Couy, which is situated not far from the 2,504 m Pic d'Anie, the highest peak in the western Pyrenees. From Pic d'Anie the mountain range extends downwards for approximately 20 km, forming both sides of the Aspe Valley to the north-west. The Vert d'Arette (a tributary of the Vert) flows through this valley. The ancient village (also named Arette) from which the commune extends is located at an altitude of 316 m in the valley of Barétous, which lies between the aforementioned Aspe valley, to its east, and the Basque province of Soule, to its west.

Hydrography

Located in the Drainage basin of the Adour, the commune is the source of numerous tributaries of the Vert which is itself a tributary of Gave d'Oloron. The largest tributary flowing through the commune is the Vert d'Arrette however many other streams flow north towards the Vert including: the Abat Daurèye and its tributary, the Banu Erreka (accompanied by the Ruisseau de Aurèye); Ibarcis Erreka; the Lancy;[3] the Ruisseau de Gurré and its tributary the Ruisseau de Lagaretche; the Ruisseau de Hournères and its tributary, the Ouettone; the Ruisseau de Légorre and its tributary, the Cassiau de Ber; the streams of Nécore,[3] Soulayets,[3] Talu Gros, and Virgou with the tributary of the latter, the Arrigau[3] (accompanied itself in the commune by the Bachère).

The Gave de Lourdios, a tributary of the Gave d'Aspe, and its tributaries, the Arric and the Moulia (and their tributaries, Casteigt Erreka and the Ruisseau de Poussious) also pass through the commune. The Gave de Sainte-Engrâce, a tributary of the Saison, and its tributary, the Montcholako Erreka also flow in the territory of the commune.

Places and Hamlets[4]
  • Abat d’Ibarry
  • Adam
  • Gouffre d’Ahuzthéguia
  • Ambielle
  • Ambile
  • Cabane d’Ance
  • Apons
  • Pont de l’Araille
  • Gouffre de l’Arbre Sec
  • Pas d’Arlas[3]
  • L’Arre de Bas
  • Arrègle[3]
  • Arritsens
  • Aspit
  • Aurasse
  • Pont d’Aurèye[3]
  • Cabane d’Auriste
  • Ayesten
  • Barbé
  • Le Pas des Basques
  • Bayrès[3]
  • Bécari
  • Bélatch Paoussaguia
  • Bellegarde
  • Bellocq
  • Bernardicou
  • Bersacalongue
  • Ancien Moulin de Bignau
  • Col de Bissouritto (995 metres)[3]
  • Bitailloué
  • Bonnehe
  • Bonneu
  • Bordehore
  • Col de Boticotch
  • Bois de Bouchet[3]
  • Bourdès
  • Bourdet
  • Les Bourrugues
  • Burs
  • Coume de Cagastié
  • Cam dét Ragutio
  • Camgros
  • Camou
  • Candau
  • Capdelabat
  • Capdeville
  • Pas de Caque
  • Casabonne
  • Casamayou
  • Casaurang
  • Casaux
  • La Cassette
  • Cassiau
  • Castagne (Two places)
  • Cataplous
  • Cerciat
  • Château-Forez
  • Pédaing de Chousse[3]
  • Plateau de la Chousse[3]
  • Col de Cissaugue or Nécore[3]
  • Pont de Cissaugue
  • Costemale[3]
  • Costes
  • Coudure
  • Couillarsut
  • Cabane du Coup
  • Couretcoup
  • Courétot
  • Les Courréges[3]
  • Cousturé
  • Coutchet de Lacq
  • Coutchet dets Crapes
  • L’Arre de Soum Couy
  • La Croix du Berger
  • Croix des Contrebandiers
  • Davancens
  • Domecq
  • Fontaine Dorbe
  • Source de l’Ermite
  • Cabane d’Escuret de Bas
  • Cabanes d’Escuret
  • Esperabens
  • Pas des Estes
  • Estournès
  • Estratte[3]
  • Cabane de Féas
  • Pont du Fort
  • Frinchaboy
  • Gabarrat
  • Col de Garbas[3]
  • Gesta
  • Goaillardeu
  • Guilhers (Sheds and fountain)[3]
  • Guren
  • Cap de Gurré (ruins)
  • Handu
  • Source d’Harrigagna
  • Hondagneu
  • Grange Hondagneu
  • Houillis
  • Houndane (spring)
  • Pont du Hourat
  • Houratate
  • Hourcate
  • Hournères[3]
  • Hum
  • Borde de Hum
  • Ibarry - Coigt de Hecore
  • Granges d’Irasts
  • Coume d’Issaux
  • Cabane d’Issort
  • Jantet
  • Labarthe
  • Labatrère
  • Cabanes de Labays
  • Col de Labays (1,351m)
  • Laborde
  • Laclouque
  • Lacoume
  • Laculère
  • Lagarde
  • Lagaretche[3]
  • Lagrave
  • Lahore
  • Pas de Lamayou
  • Lancy
  • Lapeyre
  • Coume de Larrayet
  • Larricq
  • Croix de Larricq
  • Le pont Larron[3]
  • Camp de Larruga
  • Lassalle
  • Bois de Lèche[3]
  • Lèchéko Zingla
  • Légorre d’Ibarry[3]
  • Lembeyou
  • Gouffre Lépineux
  • Mail de Lerre
  • Létone
  • Pas de la Leugue
  • Libarde
  • Col de Lie (601m)
  • Lilles
  • Longis
  • Lourdios d'Arette
  • La Lousère
  • Lucq
  • Col de Mahourat
  • Le Mail blanc
  • Les Malices
  • Cayolar de Mantchola or Cabane d’Etchébar[3]
  • Pas de Massaré
  • Massaugues
  • Coume Mayou
  • Maysou
  • Mesplou
  • Bois de Métouret
  • Mirassou
  • Mirassou Bas
  • Mirassou Haut
  • Moulia
  • La Mouline
  • Moura
  • Nario
  • Nouqué
  • Noutary
  • Noye
  • Oron
  • Cabane d’Oumarre
  • Bois de l’Oumbre-del-Hourcq
  • Gouffre de l’Ours
  • Pagnon
  • Pédaing
  • Pélou
  • Les Pernes
  • Cabane de la Pernotte (ruins)[3]
  • Pescamou[3]
  • Borde des Peyres
  • Peyret
  • Arette La Pierre Saint-Martin
  • Col de la Pierre St Martin
  • L’Arre Planère
  • Pouey
  • Poursuca
  • Le Pourtet[3]
  • Prat
  • Granges de Prat
  • La Puyade
  • Rachet
  • Roucam
  • Pène Rouye
  • Sainte-Gracie
  • Saint-Marty
  • Salanove
  • Salet
  • Salies
  • Sarrelangue
  • Saudiat
  • Plateau de Séguitte
  • Pas de Single
  • Bois de Soudet
  • Cabanes de Soudet
  • Soulaing[3]
  • Soubies
  • Soubirou
  • Soulé
  • Borde de Soulé
  • Sous Pène
  • Superville
  • Col de Suscousse[3] or Garatéko L’époua
  • Talou
  • Talou d’Arnaune
  • Talou de Bouc
  • Tamarpouey[3]
  • Tapie
  • Col de Taules
  • Braca de Termy[3]
  • Le Terrail
  • Gouffre La Tête Sauvage
  • Tourette
  • Tourumy (harnessed spring)
  • Col de Tremeil[3]
  • Camp d’Urdette
  • Zélukobortha (chasm)

Neighbouring communes and villages

Toponymy

The commune name in béarnais is Arèta (according to the classical norm of Occitan). The name comes from the Basque ar- meaning "stone" and from the locative suffix -eta meaning "stony place".[5]

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

NameSpellingDateSourcePageOriginDescription
AretteAreta1186Raymond
9
BarcelonaVillage
Rete1383Raymond
9
Luntz
Arete1385Raymond
9
Census
Erete1440Raymond
9
Barétous
Aretha1444Raymond
10
Cour Major
Eretha1444Raymond
10
Cour Major
Hereta1538Raymond
10
Reformation
Saint Pierre d'Arette1674Raymond
10
Insinuations
Arrette1750Cassini
Arete1801Ldh/EHESS/CassiniBulletin des lois
Arrèglele molii d’Arregle1385Raymond
141
CensusFarm and a Mill on the Vert d'Arette
Aregle en Baretous1433Raymond
141
Notaries
Aregla1538Raymond
141
Reformation
Réglé1863Raymond
141
ArlasArlas1538Raymond
10
ReformationMountain on the Spanish border
L'Arrigaulo ariu aperat la Rigau1538Raymond
12
ReformationA stream rising in Arette and which joins the Vert at Aramits
L'Arrigas1863Raymond
12
AurèyeL'Aureye1863Raymond
17
Stream rising in Arette, tributary of the Vert
BayrèsBayres1538Raymond
25
ReformationFarm
Bayres1863Raymond
25
Col de BissourrittoCol de Bissourritte1863Raymond
32
Mountain Pass
Bois de BouchetBouchette1863Raymond
34
Wood
La ChousseLa Chousse1863Raymond
50
Stream rising in Arette, a tributary of the Vert
CostemaleCostemale1863Raymond
52
Mountain
Les CourrégesLes Courréges1863Raymond
53
Mountain
EstratteEstrate1385Raymond
62
CensusFarm
Estrata1538Raymond
62
Reformation
Estrate1863Raymond
62
Col de GarbasCol de Garbas1863Raymond
67
Pass between the communes of Arette and Lanne-en-Barétous
GuilhersLe Pas de Guilhers1863Raymond
74
Wood between the communes of Arette and Lées-Athas
HournèresLe Hourner1863Raymond
80
Stream rising in Arette and joining the Chousse
LagaretcheLagarretche1863Raymond
89
Wood
Le Pont LarronLe Pont Larron1863Raymond
95
Bridge named after the former name of the Vert d'Arette: Larron
LècheLa singla de Lexe1589Raymond
98
ReformationMountain and Wood
Légorre d’IbarryLegorre1863Raymond
98
Mountain
MantcholaLe Manchola1863Raymond
108
Stream delineating the border between Arette and Sainte-Engrâce before joining the Uhaïtxa
Le NécoreLe Col de Nécore1863Raymond
122
Mountain Pass. A stream of the same name rises at the pass and joins the Vert d'Arette in Arette
PernalattePernalatte1863Raymond
134
Mountain
La PernotteLa Pernotte1863Raymond
134
Stream, tributary of the Chousse
PescamouPescamou1863Raymond
134
Mountain and Pass on the Spanish frontier
La Pierre Saint-MartinLa peyre de Sent-Martin, frontière de Navarre1589Raymond
150
ReformationAssembly place for the inhabitants of the Barétous Valley in France and Roncal in Spain
Le PourtetPourtet1863Raymond
139
Mountain on the Spanish border extending to Arette and Lées-Athas
Le col de SoèsLe col de Soès1863Raymond
161
Mountain Pass
SoulaingSoulaing1863Raymond
163
Mountain between Arette and Osse-en-Aspe and a stream, tributary of the Lourdios
SoulayetsLe Soulayet1863Raymond
163
Stream that flows through Arette and joins the Vert
TamarpoueyTamarpoey1385Raymond
166
CensusFarm
Tamarpoey1863Raymond
Le TermyLe Termy1863Raymond
167
Stream rising in Arette and joining the Uhaïtxa at Sainte-Engrâce
TrémeilTorrumie1703Raymond
168
RegulationMountain across Arette and Lanne-en-Barétous
Tremeilh1863Raymond
168

Sources:

Origins:

  • Barcelona: Titles of Barcelona.[7]
  • Luntz:[8]
  • Census: Census of Béarn[9]
  • Barétous: Titles of the Valley of Barétous
  • Cour Major: Regulations of the Cour Major[10]
  • Reformation: Reformation of Béarn[11]
  • Insinuations: Insinuations of the Diocese of Oloron[12]
  • Notaries: Notaries of Oloron[13]
  • Regulation: Regulation of Arette[14]

History

In 1385 there were 87 fires in Arette and it depended on the Bailiwick of Oloron.[3]

On 13 August 1967 the village of Arette was 80% destroyed by an earthquake that killed one person. The ruined clock tower of the church indicated the exact time of the earthquake: 11:10 p.m. Seismic waves were felt from Pau to Tarbes and Bayonne.[15]

Heraldry
Arms of Arette
 Blazon:

Quarterly, 1 and 4 Gules with two cows of Or hooved, collared, belled, and horned in Azure one above the other; 2 and 3 Argent with a boar of Sable.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors[16]

Mayors from the French Revolution to 1942
FromToNamePartyPosition
17931800Ignace Camou
18001807Jean Lasalle
18081813Pierre Hum
18131831Jean-Pierre Salet
18311835Jean Carrère
18351837Pierre Camgros
18371843Étienne Superville
18431848Jean-François Sérée
18481853Pierre-Joseph Castéran
18531856Jean-François Sérée
18571861Philippe Salies
18611872Charles-Henri Fischer
18721877Jean Bergé
18771884Charles-Henri Fischer
18841890Emmanuel Salet
18901892François Dabancens
18921894Charles-Henri Fischer
18941906Jean-Baptiste Labourdette
19061907Vincent Lagrave
19071916Bernard Trébucq
19191942Pierre Casabonne
Mayors from 1942
FromToNamePartyPosition
19421952Michel Lagrave
19521989Jean-Marie Lonne-Peyret
19892001Joseph Arrègle
20012020Pierre CasabonneDVDGeneral Councillor

(Not all data is known)

Inter-communality

Arette is part of six inter-communal structures:

  • the Community of communes of the Barétous Valley;
  • the SIVU La Verna;
  • the energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
  • the inter-communal association for study and management of the Drainage basin of the Vert and its tributaries;
  • the joint association for la Pierre Saint-Martin;
  • the joint association for Haut-Béarn.

Twinning
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Arette has twinning associations with:[17]

Demography

In 2009 the commune had 1,121 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.[Note 1]

Population change (See database)
1793 1800 1806 1821 1831 1836 1841 1846 1851
1,762 1,561 1,826 2,014 2,139 2,176 2,245 2,245 2,218
1856 1861 1866 1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896
2,069 2,113 2,078 2,065 1,982 1,990 2,050 1,905 1,851
1901 1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946 1954
1,743 1,734 1,761 1,444 1,452 1,404 1,377 1,309 1,171
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2009 -
1,189 1,055 1,166 1,117 1,137 1,094 - 1,121 -
Population of Arette

Distribution of Age Groups

The population of the town is relatively old. The ratio of persons above the age of 60 years (28.8%) is higher than the national average (21.6%) and the departmental average (25.9%). As with national and departmental allocations, the male population of the town is less than the female population (48.1% against 48.4% nationally and 48.2% at the departmental level).

Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Arette and Pyrénées-Atlantiques Department in 2009

AretteArettePyrénées-AtlantiquesPyrénées-Atlantiques
Age RangeMenWomenMenWomen
0 to 14 Years14.915.217.415.2
15 to 29 Years13.713.417.515.4
30 to 44 Years19.218.720.119.0
45 to 59 Years24.223.121.320.8
60 to 74 Years17.016.115.116.2
75 to 89 Years10.712.28.111.9
90 Years+0.41.20.51.5

Sources:

Economy

The economy of the commune is primarily oriented toward agriculture and livestock (cattle and sheep) and logging. The town is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone designation of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and Heritage

Civil heritage

The Barétous Museum is located in the commune. It features permanent collections on pastoralism and the Junta Roncal or "Tribute of the Three Cows".

Religious heritage
The Retable in the church

The former Lay Abbey (17th century) is registered as an historical monument.[18]

The Arette Church contains several items that are registered as historical objects:

  • A Chandelier (18th century)[19]
  • An Altar and Retable (18th century)[20]
  • An Eagle-Lectern (15th century)[21]
  • A Statue: Virgin and child (16th century)[22]

Environmental heritage
  • The Soum de Liorry (1,012m)[4]
  • The Biscarroules Peak (1,017m)[4]
  • The Sudou Peak (1,167m)[4]
  • The Légorre Peak(1,359m)[4]
  • The Soum de Soudet(1,542m)[4]
  • The Guilhers Peak(1,597m)[4]
  • The Soum de Leche (1,839m)[4]
  • The Arlas Peak (2,044m)[4] on the Spanish border
  • The Arres d'Anie(2,120m)[4]

There is an arboretum in the east of the commune.[4]

  • Col de la Pierre Saint Martin
  • Col de la Pierre Saint Martin
  • Arlas Peak
  • La Pierre Saint Martin Ski resort
  • La Pierre Saint Martin ski slopes

Facilities

Education

Arette has a public college: the College of Arette Barétous[23] and a primary school.

Sports and sports facilities

The Basque pelota Club trains on the village fronton.

The town is located on the route of the 16th stage of the Tour de France 2007 which took place on 25 July. On Bastille Day 2015 the Tour will pass through the town again. 218 km route linked Orthez to Gourette - Col d'Aubisque.

The Hill-climbing event, organized since 1984, is listed as a championship of France.

Notable people linked to the commune
  • Jacques I d'Arette de Béarn-Bonasse, baptized around 1600 in Béarn and died in 1666 in Saint-Castin, was a lord of Bonasse and lay abbot of Arette.
  • Henri Pellisson , Félibrige and member of the Escole Gastoû Febus affiliated to Félibrige (1846-1912), first at the Acadèmia dels Jòcs Florals (Academy of Floral Games) of Toulouse in 1898 for his poem Notre Dame de Sarrance.
  • Renée Massip, born in 1907 at Arette and died in Paris in 2002, he was a French writer, winner of the Prix Interallié in 1963.
  • Pierre Aristouy born on 18 October 1920 at Arette and died on 20 April 1974. A former French rugby player who played with the French team and in the Section Paloise in the position of second line or prop.
  • Paul Ambille, born in 1930 at Béziers and died in 2010 in Arette, was a French painter.
  • Nelson Paillou, president of the CNOSF (French Olympic Committee) lived in Arette.
  • Marie Bourdet Well known cheese farmer in Southern France; Sonoma Valley communities
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See also

Notes
  1. At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by Law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002 Archived 6 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" allows, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References
  1. "Populations légales 2017". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  2. Google Maps
  3. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (in French)
  4. Géoportail, IGN (in French)
  5. Michel Grosclaude, Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn, Edicions reclams & Édition Cairn - 2006, 416 pages, ISBN 2-35068-005-3 (in French)
  6. Cassini Map 1750 – Arette
  7. Cited by Pierre de Marca, History of Béarn
  8. Contracts retained by Luntz, Notary of Béarn in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  9. Manuscript from the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  10. Cour Majour of Béarn, register manuscripts from the 15th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  11. Manuscript from the 16th to 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  12. Manuscripts from the 17th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  13. Notaries of Oloron in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
  14. Communal Archives (in French)
  15. Photographs of Arette after the earthquake (in French)
  16. List of Mayors of France (in French)
  17. National Commission for Decentralised cooperation (in French)
  18. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084315 Lay Abbey (in French)
  19. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM64000035 Chandelier (in French)
  20. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM64000034 Altar and Retable (in French)
  21. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM64000033 Eagle-Lectern (in French)
  22. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM64000538 Statue: Virgin and child (in French)
  23. College of Arette website Archived 2011-03-17 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
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