alpha-Fluoromethylhistidine

α-Fluoromethylhistidine (α-FMH) is an irreversible histidine decarboxylase inhibitor.[1] It has potent sleep-inducing effects.[2][3][4]

α-Fluoromethylhistidine
Names

Other names α-FMH
Identifiers
CAS Number	73804-75-8^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	96833
PubChem CID	188141
UNII	7DZ4K6ZN32^Y
InChI InChI=1S/C7H10FN3O2/c8-3-7(9,6(12)13)1-5-2-10-4-11-5/h2,4H,1,3,9H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)/t7-/m1/s1 Key: AJFGLTPLWPTALJ-SSDOTTSWSA-N
SMILES c1c([nH]cn1)CC(CF)(C(=O)O)N
Properties
Chemical formula	C₇H₁₀FN₃O₂
Molar mass	187.174 g·mol⁻¹
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

References

August, Thomas F; Musson, Donald G; Hwang, Stephen S; Duggan, Daniel E; Hooke, Kay F; Roman, Izabela J; Ferguson, Robert J; Bayne, W.F (1985). "Bioanalysis and disposition of α-fluoromethylhistidine, a new histidine decarboxylase inhibitor". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 74 (8): 871–5. doi:10.1002/jps.2600740814. PMID 4032273.
Thakkar, M. M (2011). "HISTAMINE IN THE REGULATION OF WAKEFULNESS". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 15 (1): 65–74. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2010.06.004. PMC 3016451. PMID 20851648.
Monti, J. M; d'Angelo, Luisa; Jantos, H; Pazos, Sheila (1988). "Effects of a-fluoromethylhistidine on sleep and wakefulness in the rat". Journal of Neural Transmission. 72 (2): 141–5. doi:10.1007/bf01250237. PMID 3385425.
Oishi, Ryozo; Itoh, Yoshinori; Nishibori, Masahiro; Saeki, Kiyomi; Ueki, Showa (1988). "Enhancement by α-fluoromethylhistidine of the thiopental sleep-prolonging action of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol". Psychopharmacology. 95. doi:10.1007/bf00212771.

Monoamine metabolism modulators

Non-specific

AAAD

Substrates→Products: L-DOPA (levodopa)→Dopamine
5-HTP→Serotonin
L-Histidine→Histamine
Phenylalanine→Phenethylamine
L-Tyrosine→Tyramine
Tryptophan→Tryptamine

MAO

Substrates→Products (with ALDH/ALR): Epinephrine (adrenaline)→DHMA Metanephrine→MHPG/VMA Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)→DHMA Normetanephrine→MHPG/VMA Dopamine→DOPAC 3-Methoxytyramine→HVA Serotonin→5-HIAA Inhibitors: Non-selective: Benmoxin Caroxazone Echinopsidine Furazolidone Guineesine Hydralazine Indantadol Iproclozide Iproniazid Isocarboxazid Isoniazid Linezolid Mebanazine Metfendrazine Nialamide Octamoxin Paraxazone Phenelzine Pheniprazine Phenoxypropazine Pivhydrazine Procarbazine Safrazine Tranylcypromine
Inhibitors: MAO-A-selective: Amiflamine Bazinaprine Befloxatone Brofaromine Cimoxatone Clorgiline CX157 (Tyrima) Eprobemide Esuprone Harmala alkaloids (e.g., harmine, harmaline, harman, norharman, tetrahydroharmine) Methylene blue Metralindole Minaprine Moclobemide Pirlindole Sercloremine Tetrindole Toloxatone
Inhibitors: MAO-B selective: Adarigiline Almoxatone D-Deprenyl Ethanol Ladostigil Lazabemide Milacemide Mofegiline Nicotine Pargyline^‡ Rasagiline Safinamide Selegiline (L-Deprenyl) Sembragiline

Phenethylamines
(dopamine, epinephrine,
norepinephrine)

PAH	Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene
TH	Substrates→Products: Tyrosine→L-DOPA (levodopa) Inhibitors: 2-Hydroxyestradiol 2-Hydroxyestrone 3-Iodotyrosine Aquayamycin Bulbocapnine Metirosine Oudenone
DBH	Substrates→Products: Dopamine→Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) Inhibitors: Bupicomide Disulfiram Dopastin Fusaric acid Nepicastat Phenopicolinic acid Tropolone
PNMT	Substrates→Products: Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)→Epinephrine (adrenaline) Inhibitors: CGS-19281A SKF-64139 SKF-7698
COMT	Substrates→Products: Dopamine→3-Methoxytyramine DOPAC→Homovanillic acid Norepinephrine→Normetanephrine Epinephrine→Metanephrine DOPEG→MOPEG DOMA→VMA 2-Hydroxyestradiol→2-Methoxyestradiol 2-Hydroxyestrone→2-Methoxyestrone 4-Hydroxyestradiol→4-Methoxyestradiol 4-Hydroxyestrone→4-Methoxyestrone Inhibitors: 2-Hydroxyestradiol 2-Hydroxyestrone Entacapone Neluxicapone Nitecapone Opicapone Quinalizarin Tolcapone

Tryptamines
(serotonin, melatonin)

TPH	Substrates→Products: Tryptophan→5-HTP Inhibitors: AGN-2979 Fenclonine (PCPA) Telotristat ethyl
AANAT	Substrates→Products: Serotonin→N-Acetylserotonin
ASMT	Substrates→Products: N-Acetylserotonin→Melatonin

Histamine

HDC	Substrates→Products: L-Histidine→Histamine Inhibitors: Catechin Alpha-Fluoromethylhistidine Histidine methyl ester Meciadanol Naringenin Tritoqualine
HNMT	Substrates→Products: Histamine→N-Methylhistamine Inhibitors: Amodiaquine Diphenhydramine Harmaline Metoprine Quinacrine SKF-91488 Tacrine
DAO	Substrates→Products: Histamine→Imidazole acetic acid Inhibitors: Pimagedine (aminoguanidine)

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Adrenergics • Dopaminergics • Melatonergics • Serotonergics • Monoamine reuptake inhibitors • Monoamine releasing agents • Monoamine neurotoxins

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