Abau language

Abau is a Papuan language spoken in southern Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea, primarily along the border with Indonesia.

Abau
Native toPapua New Guinea
RegionSandaun Province
Native speakers
7,300 (2000 census)[1]
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3aau
Glottologabau1245[2]

In 2002, there were estimated to be between 4,500 and 5,000 speakers, and this number does not appear to have declined since the first accurate count in the 1970s.

Abau is reported to have whistled speech.

Phonology

Abau has the simplest phonemic inventory in the Sepik language family.[3]

Vowels[3]
Front Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Open ɑ


Consonants[3]
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Stop p k
Fricative s h
Flap ɾ
Approximant j w


Pronouns

Pronouns are:[4]

sgdupl
1 ha ~ hanhrorhrom
2 hwon ~ hun hoh hom
3m hiy ~ hi
3f hok

The dual and plural numbers only distinguish between first person and non-first person. Also, the third-person gender distinction exists only for the singular, but not the dual or plural forms.

Noun classes

Abau noun classes are:[4]

Abau noun classes
classformal markersemantics
class 1pruhuman, spirits
class 2k(a)-animals and default
class 3nasmall objects with some volume
class 4s(i)-flat surface objects
class 5pilong thin objects
class 6ugeographical locations
class 7iflat objects with little volume
class 8ricertain types of trees
class 9ein(d)-bundles of long uncut items
class 10reiktemporal
class 11hnawbundles of long cut items
class 12houk-part of a long object

Nouns can take on different class affixes depending on the physical characteristics being emphasized. Examples:[4]

su ‘coconut’
  • su pi-ron /coconut class.5-one/ ‘a coconut palm’
  • su ka-mon /coconut class.2-one/ ‘a coconut’
pey ‘sugarcane’
  • pey pi-ron /sugarcane class.5-one/ ‘one stalk of uncut sugarcane’
  • pey houk-mon /sugarcane class.12-one/ ‘one piece of sugarcane’
  • pey eind-mon /sugarcane class.9-one/ ‘bundle of stored stalks of sugarcane’
  • pey hnaw-mon /sugarcane class.11-one/ ‘one bundle of sugarcane ready for transport’

Like most other Sepik languages, Abau overtly marks grammatical gender (see Sepik languages#Gender). The same object can be classified as either masculine or feminine, depending on the physical characteristics intended for emphasis. Example:[4]

youk ‘paddle’
  • youk se ‘paddle M.DAT’ (focuses on the length of the paddle)
  • youk ke ‘paddle F.DAT’ (focuses on the flat nature of the two-dimensional paddle blade)

Notes
  1. Abau at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Abau". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Steven Moran and Daniel McCloy and Richard Wright. 2019. Abau sound inventory (PH). In: Moran, Steven & McCloy, Daniel (eds.) PHOIBLE 2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. (Available online at http://phoible.org/inventories/view/1160, Accessed on 2019-04-23.)
  4. Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
gollark: Oh yes, it needs brackets. It's valid in my Macron implementation.
gollark: It MIGHT be.
gollark: ```haskellapioform [] = 0apioform (x:xs) = 1 + apioform xs```Pattern matching!
gollark: Pattern matching.
gollark: That doesn't generalize to multiple lists and is longer.

References
  • Laycock, D.C. (1965), "Three Upper Sepik phonologies", Oceanic Linguistics, 4 (1/2): 113–118, doi:10.2307/3622917, JSTOR 3622917
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