1994 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1994.

List of years in paleontology (table)
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In science 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
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Plants

Conifers

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Diploporus[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA	Fossil Yew Genus, type species D. torreyoides
Taxus masonii[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA	Fossil Yew species
Torreya clarnensis[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA	Fossil nutmeg yew species

Angiosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Actinidia oregonensis[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA	Fossil Kiwi species
Cornus clarnensis[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA	Fossil dogwood species
Coryloides[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA	Fossil hazelnut relative, Type species C. hancockii
Eucommia constans[3]	Sp nov	valid	Magallón-Puebl & Cevallos-Ferriz	Miocene - Pleistocene	Pié de Vaca Formation	Mexico	Youngest Eucommia sp. in North America.
Kardiasperma[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA	Fossil hazelnut relative, type species K. parvum
Nyssa spatulata[2]	Comb nov	valid	(Scott) Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA	A Tupelo, new comb of Palaeonyssa spatulata
Paleopanax[2]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA	Fossil ginseng genus, type species P. oregonensis
Rhus rooseae[2]	Sp nov	valid	Manchester	Middle Eocene	Clarno Formation	USA	Fossil Sumac species

Arthropods

Newly named insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Acanthognathus poinari[4]	Sp nov	Valid	Baroni Urbani & De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	first fossil Acanthognathus species
Aeshna andancensis[5]	Sp nov	Valid	Nel & Brisac	Turolian	Montagne d'Andance	France	An Aeshna dragonfly	Aeshna andancensis
Aeshna cerdanica[5]	Sp nov	Valid	Nel & Martínez-Delclòs	Vallesian	Bellver de Cerdanya	Spain	An Aeshna dragonfly	Aeshna cerdanica
Aeschnophlebia miocenica[5]	Sp nov	Valid	Nel & Escuillé	Turolian	Montagne d'Andance	France	An Aeschnophlebia dragonfly	Aeschnophlebia miocenica
Anochetus ambiguus[6]	Sp nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A ponerin ant	Anochetus ambiguus
Anochetus conisquamis[6]	Sp nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A ponerin ant	Anochetus conisquamis
Anochetus dubius[6]	Sp nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A ponerin ant	Anochetus dubius
Anochetus exstinctus[6]	Sp nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A ponerin ant	Anochetus exstinctus
Anochetus intermedius[6]	Sp nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A ponerin ant	Anochetus intermedius
Anochetus lucidus[6]	Sp nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A ponerin ant	Anochetus lucidus
Calopteryx andancensis	Sp nov	Valid	Nel & Brisac	Turolian[5]	Montagne d'Andance	France	A Calopteryx damselfly	Calopteryx andancensis
Dlusskyidris[7]	Gen et comb nov.	Valid	Bolton	Santonian	Taimyr amber	Russia	A Sphecomyrminae ant. a new genus for Palaeomyrmex zherichini Dlussky 1975.	Palaeomyrmex zherichini
Forficula paleoligura[8]	Sp nov	Valid	Nel, Albouy, Caussanel, & Jamet	Oligocene		France	An earwig	Forficula paleoligura
Odontomachus pseudobauri[6]	Sp nov.	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican Amber	Dominican Republic	A myrmicin ant	Odontomachus pseudobauri
Odontomachus spinifer[6]	Sp nov.	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican Amber	Dominican Republic	A myrmicin ant	Odontomachus spinifer
Protoaristenymphes[9]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Nel & Henrotay	Toarcian		Luxembourg	A Mesochrysopid lacewing, type species P. bascharagensis	Protoaristenymphes bascharagensis
Sympecma incerta[10]	Comb. nov	Valid	Piton	Piacenzian	Lake Chambon	France	A Lestid damselfly, new combination for Lestes incertus	Sympecma incerta

Molluscs

Bivalves

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Fordilla germanica[11]	sp nov	Valid	Elicki	Early Cambrian	Zwetau Formation	Germany	early Cambrian bivalve species

Fishes

Newly named bony fishes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Megalocoelacanthus[12]	Gen. et sp. nov	valid	Schwimmer, Stewart & Williams	late Santonian to mid-Campanian	Blufftown Formation Niobrara Formation	United States	A latimeriid coelacanth.[13] The type species is M. dobiei.

Archosauromorphs

• Aff. Rebbachisaurus gastroliths documented.[14]
• The "Talkeetna Mountains Hadrosaur" specimen was discovered in a quarry being excavated for road material.[15] The quarry is near the Glenn Highway, approximately 150 miles northeast of Anchorage.[16] That fall, excavation began, and was resumed in the summer of 1996.[15]

Newly named pseudosuchians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Galtonia[17]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Hunt & Lucas	Late Triassic (late Carnian)	New Oxford Formation	United States	A relative of Revueltosaurus.
Pekinosaurus[17]	Gen et sp nov	Junior synonym	Hunt & Lucas	Late Triassic (late Carnian)	Cumnock Formation	United States	A junior synonym of Revueltosaurus.

Newly named basal dinosauromorphs

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Marasuchus[18]	Gen et comb nov	Valid	Sereno & Arcucci	Middle Triassic (Ladinian)	Chañares Formation	Argentina	A basal dinosauriform; new genus for "Lagosuchus" liloensis Romer (1972).	Marasuchus liloenisis

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[19]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Afrovenator[20]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Sereno, Wilson, Larsson, Dutheil, & Sues		Tiourarén Formation	Niger		Afrovenator abakensis
Alwalkeria[21]	Gen et comb nov	Valid	Chatterjee & Creisler		Maleri Formation	India		Alwalkeria
Alxasaurus[22]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Russell & Dong			Mongolia		Alxasaurus
“Amphicoelicaudia”		nomen nudum	Cheng			China	described as Huabeisaurus allocotus in 2000	Huabeisaurus allocotus
Caenagnathasia[23]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Currie, Godfrey, & Nesov	Turonian - Coniacian	Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan		Caenagnathasia martinsoni
Cryolophosaurus[24]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Hammer & Hickerson	Pliensbachian	Hanson Formation	Antarctica		Cryolophosaurus
Koparion[25]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Chure	Kimmeridgian	Morrison Formation	USA ( Utah)
Monolophosaurus[26]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Zhao & Currie	Bathonian - Callovian	Shishugou Formation	China		Monolophosaurus jiangi
Mymoorapelta[27]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Kirkland & Carpenter	Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	Morrison Formation	USA ( Colorado)		Mymoorapelta maysi
Pelecanimimus[28]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Perez-Moreno, Sanz, Buscalioni, Moratalla, Ortega, & Rasskin-Gutman	Barremian	Calizas de La Huérguina Formation	Spain		Pelecanimimus
Phuwiangosaurus[29]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Martin, Buffetaut, & Suteethorn	Valanginian - Hauterivian	Sao Khua Formation	Thailand		Phuwiangosaurus
Sinornithoides[30]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Russell & Dong	Aptian - Albian	Ejinhoro Formation	China		Sinornithoides youngi
Sinraptor[31]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Currie & Zhao	Late Jurassic	Shishugou Formation	China		Sinraptor dongi
Timimus[32]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Rich & Vickers-Rich	Albian	Eumeralla Formation	Australia		Timimus hermani
“Tonouchisaurus”		nomen nudum	Barsbold		early Cretaceous	Mongolia
Yingshanosaurus[33]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Zhou	Kimmeridgian	Shaximiao Formation	China

Newly named birds

Name	Status	Novelty	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Berruornis [34]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Mourer-Chauviré	Late Paleocene		France	Type species B. orbisantiqui
Bubo osvaldoi [35]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Oscar Arredondo Storrs L. Olson	Quaternary, probably Pleistocene	Cave deposits	Cuba	A Strigidae.
Falco duboisi [36]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Graham S. Cowles	Holocene	Cave deposits	Réunion	A Falconidae.
Mascarenachen kervazoi [36]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Graham S. Cowles	Holocene	Réunion	Réunion	An Anatidae, type species M. kervazoi; The species was transferred Alopochen in 1999.
Mascarenotus grucheti [37]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré Roger Bour François Moutou Sonia Ribes	Holocene	Réunion	Réunion	A Strigidae.
Messelastur gratulator [38]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Dieter S. Peters	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MN 11	Germany:  Hessen	A Psittaciformes, Messelasturidae G. Mayr, 2005, this is the type species of the new genus.
Microcarbo serventyorum [39]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Gerard F. van Tets	Holocene	Peat Swamp near Mining Lease	Australia:  Western Australia	A Phalacrocoracidae.
Neuquenornis volans [40]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Luis M. Chiappe Jorge O. Calvo	Late Cretaceous	Santonian-Coniacian, Rio Colorado Formation	Argentina	An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Avisauridae Brett-Surman et Paul, 1985, this is the type species of the new genus.
Nycticorax borbonensis [36]	Not valid	Sp. nov.	Graham S. Cowles	Holocene	Réunion	Réunion	An Ardeidae, this is a junior synonym of Nycticorax duboisi (Rothschild, 1907).
Otogornis genghisi [41]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Hou Lianhai	Early Cretaceous	Inner Mongolia	China	An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Longirostravidae Zhou, 2006, this is the type species of the new genus.
Presbyornis isoni [42]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Storrs L. Olson	Late Paleocene	Aquia Formation	USA( Maryland)	An Anseriformes, Presbyornithidae Wetmore, 1926.
Puffinus spelaeus [43]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Richard N. Holdaway Trevor H. Worthy	Late Quaternary	Cave Deposits, South Island	New Zealand	A Procellariidae.
Stephanoaetus mahery [44]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Steven M. Goodman	Holocene. (Subrecent)	Madagascar	Madagascar	An Accipitridae.
Wanshuina lii [45]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Hou Lianhai	Paleocene	Doumu Formation	China	A Rallidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Plesiosaurs

• Plesiosaur gastroliths documented.[46]

New taxa

Name	Status	Authors		Notes
Morturneria	Valid	Chatterjee Creisler

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Name	Status	Authors		Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Arthurdactylus	Valid	Frey Martill		Early Cretaceous (late Aptian/early Albian)	Crato Formation	Brazil	A pteranodontoid pterosaur.
Montanazhdarcho[47]	Valid	Padian, K., Horner de Ricqlès, A.J.		Late Cretaceous (Judithian)	Two Medicine Formation	United States	An azhdarchid from Montana.
"Wyomingopteryx"	nomen nudum	Bakker		Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)	Morrison Formation	United States
Zhejiangopterus	Valid	Cai, Z. Wei, F.		Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)	Tangshang Formation	China	A Chinese azhdarchid.	Zhejiangopterus

Other diapsids

New taxa

Name	Status	Authors		Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Lucianosaurus[17]	Valid Non-Dinosaurian Taxon	Hunt	S. G. Lucas	Late Triassic (Norian)	Bull Canyon Formation	United States
Tecovasaurus[17]	Valid Non-Dinosaurian Taxon	Hunt	S. G. Lucas	Late Triassic (late Carnian)	Tecovas Formation	United States

Footnotes

1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
2. Manchester, S.R. (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon". Palaeontographica Americana. 58: 30–31.
3. Call, V.B.; Dilcher, D.L. (1997). "The fossil record of Eucommia (Eucommiaceae) in North America" (PDF). American Journal of Botany. 84 (6): 798–814. doi:10.2307/2445816. JSTOR 2445816. PMID 21708632.
4. Baroni Urbani, C.; De Andrade, M. L. (1994). "First description of fossil Dacetini ants with a critical analysis of the current classification of the tribe (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VI: Dacetini)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 198: 1–65.
5. Nel, A.; Martinez-Delclòs, X.; Escuillé, F; Brisac, P. (1994). "Names; Les Aeshnidae fossiles: Etat actuel des connaissances (Odonata, Anisoptera)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 194 (2/3): 143–186.
6. De Andrade, M. L. (1994). "Fossil Odontomachiti Ants from the Dominican Republic (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 199: 1–28.
7. Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. (1997). "New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships". American Museum Novitates. 3208: 1–43.
8. Nel, A.; Albouy, V.; Caussanel, C; Jamet, C. (1994). "Réflexion paléo-entomologique sur la systématique des Dermaptères. Quatre nouveaux forficules fossiles de l'Oligocène de Provence (France)". Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France. 99: 253–266.
9. Nel, A; Henrotay, M. (1994). "Les Chrysopidae Mésozoïques. État actuel des connaissances. Description d'un nouveau genre et nouvelle espèce dans le Jurassique inférieur (Lias) (Insecta: Neuroptera)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 30: 295–318.
10. Nel, A.; Paicheler, J.-C. (1994). "Les Lestoidea (Odonata, Zygoptera) fossiles : un inventaire critique". Annales de Paléontologie. 80 (1): 1–59.
11. Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 267–291. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9.
12. David R. Schwimmer; J. D. Stewart; G. Dent Williams (1994). "Giant fossil coelacanths of the Late Cretaceous in the eastern United States". Geology. 22 (6): 503–506. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0503:gfcotl>2.3.co;2.
13. Hugo Dutel; John G. Maisey; David R. Schwimmer; Philippe Janvier; Marc Herbin; Gaël Clément (2012). "The Giant Cretaceous Coelacanth (Actinistia, Sarcopterygii) Megalocoelacanthus dobiei Schwimmer, Stewart & Williams, 1994, and Its Bearing on Latimerioidei Interrelationships". PLOS ONE. 7 (11): e49911. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049911. PMC 3507921. PMID 23209614.
14. Calvo (1994). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
15. "Introduction," in Pasche and May (2001); page 220.
16. "Location and Geologic Setting," in Pasche and May (2001); page 220.
17. Hunt, A.P. and S.G. Lucas. 1994. Ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of the United States. In: the Shadow of the Dinosaurs, Early Mesozoic Tetrapods (N.C. Fraser and H.-D. Sues, Eds.). Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK: pp. 227-241.
18. Sereno, P.C.; Arcucci, A.B. (1994). "Dinosaur precursors from the Middle Triassic of Argentina: Marasuchus lilloensis gen. nov". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 14: 53–73. doi:10.1080/02724634.1994.10011538.
19. Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
20. Sereno, P.C., J.A. Wilson, H.C.E. Larsson, D.B. Dutheil, H.-D. Sues. 1994. Early Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Sahara. Science 266 (14 October [5183]): pp. 267-271.
21. Chatterjee, S.; Creisler, B.S. (1994). "Alwalkeria (Theropoda) and Morturneria (Plesiosauria), new names for preoccupied Walkeria Chatterjee, 1987 and Turneria". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 14: 142. doi:10.1080/02724634.1994.10011546.
22. Russell, D.A. and Z.-M. Dong. 1994. The affinities of a new theropod from the Alxa Desert, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. Can. J. Earth Sci. 30:pp. 2107-2127.
23. Currie, P.J., S.J. Godfrey, and L. Nesov. 1993 [Olshevsky cites 1994]. New caenagnathid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia. Can. J. Earth Sci. 30: pp. 2255-2272.
24. Hammer, W.R.; Hickerson, W.J. (1994). "A Crested Theropod Dinosaur from Antarctica". Science. 264: 828–830. Bibcode:1994Sci...264..828H. doi:10.1126/science.264.5160.828. PMID 17794724.
25. Chure, D.J. 1994. Koparion douglassi, a new dinosaur from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument; The oldest troodontid (Theropoda: Maniraptora). Brigham Young University Geology Studies 40:pp. 11-15.
26. Zhao, X.J. and P.J. Currie, P.J. 1994 [not 1993]. A large crested theropod from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, China. Canadian. J. Earth Sci. 30: pp. 2027-2036.
27. Kirkland, J.I. and K. Carpenter. 1994. North America's First Pre-Cretaceous Ankylosaur (Dinosauria) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Western Colorado. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 40: pp. 25-42.
28. Perez-Moreno, B.; Sanz, J.L.; Buscalloni, A.D.; Moratalla, J.J.; Ortega, F.; Rasskin-Gutman, D. (1994). "A unique multitoothed ornithomimosaur dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain". Nature. 370: 363–367. doi:10.1038/370363a0.
29. Martin, V. E. Buffetaut, and V. Suteethorn. 1994. A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of north-eastern Thailand. Comptes Rendus l'Acad. Sci. Paris (II) 319 : pp. 1085-1092.
30. Russell, D.A. and Z.-M Dong. 1993 [George Olshevsky cites 1994, not 1993]. A nearly complete skeleton of a new troodontid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of the Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. Can. J. Earth Sci. 30: pp. 2163-2173.
31. Currie, P.J. and X.J. Zhao. 1994. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Can. J. Earth Sci., 30: pp. 2037-2081.
32. Rich, T.H., and P. Vickers-Rich. 1994. Neoceratopsians and ornithomimosaurs: Dinosaurs of Gondwana origin. Res. Exploration 10: pp. 129-131.
33. Zhou Songlin, 1994. Record of a fossil stegosaur from Yingshan in the Sichuan Basin. Sichuan Cultural Relics. 1994-S1: 8-14.
34. Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1994). "A Large Owl from the Paleocene of France" (PDF). Palaeontology. 37 (2): 339–348.
35. Oscar Arredondo; Storrs L. Olson (1994). "A New Species of Owl of the Genus Bubo from the Pleistocene of Cuba (Aves: Strigiformes)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 107 (3): 436–444. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-09. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
36. Graham S. Cowles (1994). "A New Genus, Three New Species and Two New Records of Extinct Holocene Birds From Réunion Island, Indian Ocean". Géobios. 27 (1): 87–93. doi:10.1016/s0016-6995(06)80215-9.
37. Cécile Mourer-Chauviré; Roger Bour; François Moutou; Sonia Ribes (1994). "Mascarenotus Nov. Gen. (Aves: Strigiformes) Genre Endémique Éteint des Mascareignes et M. grucheti N. Sp. Espècé Éteinte de la Réunion" (PDF). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA. 318: 1699–1706.
38. Dieter S. Peters (1994). "Messelastur gratulator n. gen. n. spec., ein Greifvogel aus der Grube Messel (Aves, Accipitridae)" (PDF). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. 170: 3–9.
39. Gerard F. van Tets (1994). "An Extinct New Species of Cormorant (Phalacrocoracidae, Aves) from a Western Australian Peat Swamp". Records of the South Australian Museum. 27: 135–138.
40. Luis M. Chiappe; Jorge O. Calvo (1994). "Neuquenornis volans, a New Late Cretaceous Bird (Enantiornithes: Avisauridae) from Patagonia, Argentina" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 14 (2): 230–246. doi:10.1080/02724634.1994.10011554.
41. Hou Lianhai (1994). "A Late Mesozoic Bird from Inner Mongolia" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 32 (4): 258–266.
42. Storrs L. Olson (1994). "A Giant Presbyornis (Aves: Anseriformes) and Other Birds from the Paleocene Aquia Formation of Maryland and Virginia". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 107 (3): 429–435.
43. Richard N. Holdaway; Trevor H. Worthy (1994). "A New Fossil Species of Shearwater Puffinus from the Late Quaternary of the South Island, New Zealand, and Notes on the Biogeography and Evolution of the Puffinus gavia Superspecies". Emu. 94 (3): 201–215. doi:10.1071/mu9940201.
44. Steven M. Goodman (1994). "Description of a New Species of Subfossil Eagle from Madagascar: Stephanoaetus (Aves: Falconiformes) from the Deposits of Amphasambazimba". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 107 (3): 421–428.
45. Hou Lianhai (1994). "A New Paleocene Bird from Anhui, China" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 32 (1): 60–65.
46. Martin (1994). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
47. Padian, K., Ricqles, A. de J., and Horner, J. R., 1994, Bone histology determines identification of a new fossil taxon of pterosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria): Compte rendu hebdomadaire des séances de l’Académie des Sciences Paris, tomo 320, serie 2, p. 77-84.

References

• Calvo, J.O. (1994). Gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs. Gaia, 10: 205–208.
• Martin, James E.; 1994; Gastric residues in marine reptiles from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale in South Dakota; their bearing on extinction; Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology; 14(3, Suppl.) pp. 36; University of Oklahoma
• Pasch, A. D., K. C. May. 2001. Taphonomy and paleoenvironment of hadrosaur (Dinosauria) from the Matanuska Formation (Turonian) in South-Central Alaska. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Ed.s Tanke, D. H., Carpenter, K., Skrepnick, M. W. Indiana University Press. Pages 219–236.
• Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.