1238

Year 1238 (MCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	12th century 13th century 14th century
Decades:	1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s
Years:	1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241

1238 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1238 MCCXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	1991
Armenian calendar	687 ԹՎ ՈՁԷ
Assyrian calendar	5988
Balinese saka calendar	1159–1160
Bengali calendar	645
Berber calendar	2188
English Regnal year	22 Hen. 3 – 23 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar	1782
Burmese calendar	600
Byzantine calendar	6746–6747
Chinese calendar	丁酉年 (Fire Rooster) 3934 or 3874     — to — 戊戌年 (Earth Dog) 3935 or 3875
Coptic calendar	954–955
Discordian calendar	2404
Ethiopian calendar	1230–1231
Hebrew calendar	4998–4999
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1294–1295
- Shaka Samvat	1159–1160
- Kali Yuga	4338–4339
Holocene calendar	11238
Igbo calendar	238–239
Iranian calendar	616–617
Islamic calendar	635–636
Japanese calendar	Katei 4 / Ryakunin 1 (暦仁元年)
Javanese calendar	1147–1148
Julian calendar	1238 MCCXXXVIII
Korean calendar	3571
Minguo calendar	674 before ROC 民前674年
Nanakshahi calendar	−230
Thai solar calendar	1780–1781
Tibetan calendar	阴火鸡年 (female Fire-Rooster) 1364 or 983 or 211     — to — 阳土狗年 (male Earth-Dog) 1365 or 984 or 212

Events

By place

Europe

• March 4 – Mongol invasion of Rus – Battle of the Sit River: The Mongol Hordes of Batu Khan defeat the Rus', under Yuri Vsevolodovich of Vladimir-Suzdal.
• August 21 – Battle of Örlygsstaðir: Sighvatr Sturluson and Sturla Sighvatsson are defeated by Kolbeinn ungi Arnórsson and Gissur Þorvaldsson, for control of Iceland.
• September 28 – James I of Aragon captures the city of Valencia from the Moors, who retreat to Granada.
• The seat of the Patriarch of Aquileia is transferred to Udine.
• Simon de Montfort marries Eleanor, sister of Henry III of England.
• The Livonian Order gives Northern Estonia back to Denmark, with the Treaty of Stensby.
• The Mongols seize Moscow, at the time a small town.
• Peterborough Cathedral is consecrated.
• The founder of the Nasrid Dynasty, Muhammad I of Granada, begins Alhambra Complex on the site of a pre-Islamic fortress.
• Thowadra Monastery is founded in Bhutan.
• Communal uprisings in Santiago de Compostela against the archbishop.

Asia

• The Khmers are expelled from Luang Phrabang in Laos.
• The Sukhothai Kingdom is founded in Thailand.
• The Nizari Imam Ala al-Din Muhammad and the Abbasid caliph Al-Mustansir send a joint diplomatic mission to the European kings Louis IX of France and Edward I of England to forge a Muslim–Christian alliance against the Mongols, but this is unsuccessful.[1][2][2]

Births

• May 1 – Magnus Lagabøte, king of Norway (d. 1280)
• May 3 – Emilia Bicchieri, Italian saint (d. 1314)
• November – Henry de Montfort, son of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (d. 1265)
• date unknown
  • Nizamuddin Auliya, Indian Sufi saint (d. 1325)
  • Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1302)
  • Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol (d. 1295)
  • Shri Madhvacharya, Vaishnavite saint and founder of the Dvaita School (d. 1317)

Deaths

Henry I the Bearded

• March 4
  • Joan of England, Queen of Scotland, wife of Alexander II of Scotland (b. 1210)[3]
  • Prince Yuri II of Vladimir (b. 1189)
• March 19 – Henry I the Bearded, Duke of Lower Silesia (b. c. 1165)
• June 9 – Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester
• date unknown
  • Al-Kamil, Ayyubid sultan of Egypt
  • Hugh le Despenser, English nobleman

References

1. Daftary, Farhad (1992). The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University Press. pp. 418–420. ISBN 978-0-521-42974-0.
2. Daftary, Farhad. "The Mediaeval Ismailis of the Iranian Lands | The Institute of Ismaili Studies". www.iis.ac.uk. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
3. Elizabeth Ewan, ed. (2006). The biographical dictionary of Scottish women : from the earliest times to 2004 (Reprinted ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press. p. 400. ISBN 0-7486-1713-2.