1165

Year 1165 (MCLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	11th century 12th century 13th century
Decades:	1140s 1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s
Years:	1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168

1165 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1165 MCLXV
Ab urbe condita	1918
Armenian calendar	614 ԹՎ ՈԺԴ
Assyrian calendar	5915
Balinese saka calendar	1086–1087
Bengali calendar	572
Berber calendar	2115
English Regnal year	11 Hen. 2 – 12 Hen. 2
Buddhist calendar	1709
Burmese calendar	527
Byzantine calendar	6673–6674
Chinese calendar	甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 3861 or 3801     — to — 乙酉年 (Wood Rooster) 3862 or 3802
Coptic calendar	881–882
Discordian calendar	2331
Ethiopian calendar	1157–1158
Hebrew calendar	4925–4926
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1221–1222
- Shaka Samvat	1086–1087
- Kali Yuga	4265–4266
Holocene calendar	11165
Igbo calendar	165–166
Iranian calendar	543–544
Islamic calendar	560–561
Japanese calendar	Chōkan 3 / Eiman 1 (永万元年)
Javanese calendar	1072–1073
Julian calendar	1165 MCLXV
Korean calendar	3498
Minguo calendar	747 before ROC 民前747年
Nanakshahi calendar	−303
Seleucid era	1476/1477 AG
Thai solar calendar	1707–1708
Tibetan calendar	阳木猴年 (male Wood-Monkey) 1291 or 910 or 138     — to — 阴木鸡年 (female Wood-Rooster) 1292 or 911 or 139

William I (the Lion) (c. 1142–1214)

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

• Spring – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) makes an alliance with Venice against Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa), who takes an oath at the Diet of Würzburg to support Antipope Paschal III against Pope Alexander III.
• Andronikos Komnenos, a cousin of Manuel I, escapes from prison at Constantinople. After passing through many dangers, he reaches Kiev and seeks refuge at the court of Prince Yaroslav Osmomysl.

Europe

• Gerald the Fearless, Portuguese warrior and adventurer, seizes the city Évora by surprise. The same year (or soon after), he takes Cáceres, Trujillo, Montánchez, Moura, Monsaraz and Alconchel from the Almohads.
• Benjamin of Tudela, Spanish Jewish traveler, sets out on his journey from the northeast Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain), in what begins as a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.[1]
• Otto II (the Rich), margrave of Meissen, grants Leipzig city and market privileges. The city is located at the crossways of the Via Regia and Via Imperii trade routes.

England

• King Owain ap Gruffydd (the Great) of Gwynedd forms an alliance with his nephew Rhys ap Gruffydd, prince of Deheubarth, to challenge English rule. They drive the English forces out of Wales.
• Battle of Crogen: King Henry II invades Wales, but is defeated and forced to retreat. After Welsh forces under Owain ap Gruffydd inflict an unknown number of casualties on the English army.
• Henry II and the marriage with Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine is effectively ended when she moves back to Aquitaine. Henry begins an affair with Rosamund Clifford.
• December 9 – King Malcolm IV dies at Jedburgh after a 12-year reign and is succeeded by his brother William I (the Lion) as ruler of Scotland (until 1214).

Asia

• September 5 – Emperor Nijō abdicates the throne and dies after a 7-year reign. He is succeeded by his 1-year-old son Rokujō as the 79th emperor of Japan.
• In China the Jin Dynasty (Great Jin) and the Song Dynasty make a lasting peace (until 1205).

By topic

Religion

• Eskil, Danish archbishop of Lund, appoints Fulco as the first bishop of Leal, marking the early beginning of the introduction of Christianity in Estonia.
• Hildegard of Bingen, German Benedictine abbess, founds Eibingen Abbey on the opposite bank of the Rhine near Rüdesheim (approximate date).
• The construction of Liuhe Pagoda (Six Harmonies Pagoda) in Hangzhou, China, is completed during the Song Dynasty.

Births

• August 21 – Philip II, king of France (d. 1223)
• Albéric Clément, Marshal of France (d. 1191)
• Albert of Buxhoeven, bishop of Riga (d. 1229)
• Blacas III, French knight and troubadour (d. 1237)
• Conrad III, German cleric and bishop (d. 1224)
• Henry I (the Brave), duke of Brabant (d. 1235)
• Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1197)
• Hermann von Salza, German nobleman (d. 1239)
• Ibn Arabi, Andalusian philosopher (d. 1240)[2]
• Jean Bodel, French poet and writer (d. 1210)
• Jean de Montmirail, French nobleman (d. 1217)
• Joan of England, queen of Sicily (d. 1199)
• Phillipe de Plessis, French Grand Master (d. 1209)
• Renaud I (or Reginald), French nobleman (d. 1227)
• Ruben II (or Roupen), Armenian prince (d. 1170)
• Shizuka Gozen, Japanese court dancer (d. 1211)
• Theobald Walter, Norman High Sheriff (d. 1206)
• Waleran III (or Walram), duke of Limburg (d. 1226)
• William the Breton, French chronicler (d. 1225)

Deaths

• January 24 – William of Ypres, Flemish nobleman (b. 1090)
• February 7 – Stephen of Armenia, Armenian nobleman (b. 1111)
• March 27 – Awn al-Din ibn Hubayra, Abbasid vizier (b. 1105)
• April 11
  • Ibn al-Tilmidh, Arab physician and calligrapher (b. 1074)
  • Stephen IV, king of Hungary and Croatia (b. 1133)
• September 5 – Nijō, emperor of Japan (b. 1143)
• December 9 – Malcolm IV, king of Scotland (b. 1141)
• Goswin of Anchin, Flemish Benedictine abbot (b. 1086)
• Gottfried of Admont, German Benedictine abbot
• Helias de Say (or Hellias), Norman nobleman
• John FitzGilbert, Marshal of England (b. 1105)
• Muhammad al-Idrisi, Arab geographer (b. 1100)
• Rostislav Glebovich, Kievan prince of Minsk
• Sibylla of Anjou, countess of Flanders (b. 1112)

References

1. Shatzmiller, Joseph (1998). "Jews, Pilgrimage, and the Christian Cult of Saints: Benjamin of Tudela and his Contemporaries", p. 338. ISBN 978-0-8020-0779-7.
2. "The Meccan Revelations". World Digital Library. April 6, 2012. Retrieved July 14, 2013.