List of political parties in the United States

Active parties

Major parties
Party Founded Ideology Membership[1] Presidential vote (2016)
[2][3]		 Senators
[4]		 Representatives
[5]		 Governors
[6]		 State legislators
[6]		 Legislatures
[6]		 Trifectas
[6]
Republican Party 1854 Conservatism 33,284,020
306 / 538
 62,984,828 (46.09%)
53 / 100
198 / 435
[upper-alpha 1]
28 / 55
3,867 / 7,383
29 / 49
21 / 49
Democratic Party 1828 Modern Liberalism 45,715,952
232 / 538
 65,853,514 (48.18%)
45 / 100
[upper-alpha 2]
232 / 435
[upper-alpha 3]
27 / 55
3,473 / 7,383
19 / 49
15 / 49

Third parties

Represented in Congress or state legislatures
Party Founded Ideology Membership[8] Presidential vote (2016)
[3]		 Representatives
[5]		 State legislators
[6]
Libertarian Party 1971[9] Libertarianism[10] 609,234 4,489,341 (3.28%)
1 / 435
0 / 7,383
Vermont Progressive Party 1981 Democratic socialism[11] ? 111,850 (0.08%)
0 / 435
9 / 7,383
Working Families Party 1998 Social democracy[12] 50,532 140,043 (0.10%)
0 / 435
2 / 7,383
Independence Party of New York 1991 ? 119,160 (0.09%)
0 / 435
1 / 7,383
Reform Party 1995 6,665 33,136 (0.02%)
0 / 435
1 / 7,383

Represented in Puerto Rican territorial legislatures
Party Founded Ideology President Senators Representatives Municipalities
New Progressive Party
Partido Nuevo Progresista		 1967 Puerto Rico statehood Thomas Rivera Schatz
21 / 30
34 / 51
31 / 78
Popular Democratic Party
Partido Popular Democrático		 1938 Pro-Commonwealth
Liberalism		 Aníbal José Torres
7 / 30
15 / 51
45 / 78
Puerto Rican Independence Party
Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño		 1946 Puerto Rico independence
Social democracy		 Rubén Berríos Martínez
1 / 30
1 / 51
0 / 78

Not represented in Congress, state legislatures, or territorial legislatures
Party Ideology Founded Presidential vote (2016)[3]
Green Party 2001[13] 1,457,216 (1.07%)
Conservative Party of New York State Conservatism[14] 1962 292,392 (0.21%)
Constitution Party Paleoconservatism[15] 1992[16] 203,010 (0.15%)
Party for Socialism and Liberation Marxism-Leninism[17] 2004[16] 74,392 (0.05%)
Peace and Freedom Party 1967 66,101 (0.05%)
Women's Equality Party 2014 36,292 (0.03%)
Legal Marijuana Now Party Marijuana legalization[18] 1998 13,537 (0.01%)
Socialist Workers Party Castroism[19] 1938 12,467 (0.01%)
Prohibition Party Temperance[20] 1869 5,617 (0%)
Workers World Party 1959 4,314 (0%)
Socialist Party USA Democratic socialism[21] 1973[16] 2,698 (0%)
Natural Law Party Transcendental Meditation[22] 1992 2,209 (0%)
American Solidarity Party Christian democracy[23] 2011[23] 862 (0%)
Socialist Equality Party Trotskyism[24] 1966 469 (0%)
Liberty Union Party 1970 327 (0%)
Transhumanist Party Transhumanist politics[25] 2014 95 (0%)
Christian Liberty Party Christian nationalism[26][27] 2000[28] 0
Alliance Party Centrism[29] 2019 0
American Freedom Party White nationalism[30] 2009[30] 0
Citizens Party of the United States Center-left politics[31] 2004[32] 0
Freedom Socialist Party Socialist feminism[33] 1966 0
Humane Party 2009 0
Justice Party Progressivism[34] 2011 0
Socialist Action 1983 0
Socialist Alternative 1986 0
United States Marijuana Party 2002 0
United States Pirate Party Pirate politics[35] 2006 0
Alaskan Independence Party Alaskan nationalism[36] 1978[37] 0
Independent Party of Delaware 2000 0
Grassroots-Legalize Cannabis Party Marijuana legalization[38] 1986 0
Liberal Party of New York Liberalism[39] 1944 0
Rent Is Too Damn High Party 2005 0
Serve America Movement 2017 0
Charter Party 1924 0
Independent Party of Oregon 2007 0
Oregon Progressive Party 2007 0
Socialist Party of Oregon Democratic socialism[40] 1897 0
Sovereign Union Movement 2010 0
Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party 2003 0
Working People's Party of Puerto Rico 2010 0
Moderate Party of Rhode Island Centrism[41] 2007 0
United Citizens Party 1969 0
United Utah Party Centrism[42] 2017 0
Independent Citizens Movement 1968 0
Progressive Dane Progressivism[43] 1992 0
Unity Party Centrism[44] 2004 0
Independent Greens of Virginia 2005 0
Working Class Party 2016 0

Historical parties
The following parties are no longer functioning.
Historical parties in the United States
NameOther namesEstablishedDisbanded
Federalist Party17891824
Anti-Administration party17891792
Democratic-Republican PartyRepublican Party17921825
Toleration Party18161827
National Republican PartyAnti-Jacksonian Party18251837
Anti-Masonic Party18281838
Nullifier Party18281839
Whig Party18331854
Liberty Party18401848
Law and Order Party of Rhode Island18401848
American Republican Party (1843)18431854
Free Soil Party18481855
Anti-Nebraska Party18541854
American PartyKnow Nothings18541858
Opposition Party18541858
Constitutional Union Party18601860
Unconditional Union Party18611866
National Union Party18641868
Radical Democracy Party18641864
Readjuster Party18701885
People's Party (Utah)18701891
Liberal Party18701893
Liberal Republican Party18721872
Greenback Party18741884
Socialist Labor Party of AmericaWorkingmen's Party of the United States18762011
Anti-Monopoly Party18841884
People's PartyPopulist Party18871908
Silver Party18921902
National Democratic PartyGold Democrats18961900
Silver Republican Party18961900
Social Democracy of America18971900
Social Democratic Party18981901
Home Rule Party of Hawaii19001912
Socialist Party of America19011972
Independence PartyIndependence League19061914
Progressive Party 1912Bull Moose Party19121920
National Woman's Party19131930
Nonpartisan League19151956
Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party19181944
Labor Party of the United States19191920
Farmer–Labor Party19201936
Proletarian Party of America19201971
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party19221965
Progressive Party 192419241924
Communist League of America19281934
American Workers Party19331934
Workers Party of the United States19341938
Union Party19361936
American Labor Party19361956
America First Party19441996
States' Rights Democratic PartyDixiecrats19481948
Progressive Party 194819481955
Progressive Democratic Party19441948
Constitution Party19521968?
Puerto Rican Socialist Party19591993
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party19641964
Black Panther Party19661982
Patriot Party19601980
Youth International PartyYippies19671967
Marxist–Leninist Party, USA19671993
Communist Workers Party19691985
American Party19692008
Raza Unida Party19702012
People's Party19711976
League for the Revolutionary PartyRevolutionary Socialist League (U.S.)19721989
New Union Party19742005
U.S. Labor Party19751979
Concerned Citizens Party19751992
International Socialist Organization1977 2019
Citizens Party19791984
New Alliance Party19791992
Labor-Farm Party of Wisconsin19821987
Populist Party (United States, 1984)19841994
Looking Back Party19841996
Illinois Solidarity Party19862007
Republican Moderate Party of Alaska19862011
Independent Party of Utah19881996
A Connecticut Party19901995
Greens/Green Party USA Green Committees of Correspondence 1991 2019
New Party19921998
New Jersey Conservative Party19922009
Labor Party19962007
Marijuana Reform Party19982002
Southern Party19992003
Christian Freedom Party20042004
Personal Choice Party20042006
Moderate Party20052008
Florida Whig Party20062012
Boston Tea Party20062012
Connecticut for Lieberman20062013
Independence Party of America20072013
Modern Whig Party20072018
Taxpayers Party of New York20102011
Freedom Party of New York20102011
Traditionalist Worker Party20132018

Non-electoral organizations

These organizations do not nominate candidates for election but otherwise function similarly to political parties. Some of them have nominated candidates in the past.

Political Party Founded in Former Titles International Affiliations
American Nazi party (remnants) 1959 World Union of Free Enterprise National Socialists
National Socialist White People's Party
American Party of Labor 2008
Black Riders Liberation Party 1996[45]
Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism 1991
Communist Party USA 1919[46]
Democratic Socialists of America 1982 Formerly Socialist International, not a member as of August 2017.
Freedom Road Socialist Organization 1985 International Communist Seminar
Internationalist Group 1996 League for the Fourth International
Liberation Road 1985 Freedom Road Socialist Organization
National Socialist Movement 1974 American Nazi Party World Union of National Socialists
New Black Panther Party 1989
News and Letters Committees 1955
Our Revolution 2016
Progressive Labor Party 1961 Progressive Labor Movement
Revolutionary Communist Party, USA 1975 Revolutionary Union
Social Democrats, USA 1972
Solidarity 1986
Spartacist League 1966 International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist)
World Socialist Party of the United States 1916 Socialist Party of the United States
Socialist Educational Society
Workers' Socialist Party		 World Socialist Movement

See also

Notes
Notes
  1. Additionally, two of the six non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives caucus with the Republican Party.[7]
  2. Additionally, the two independent Senators both caucus with the Democratic Party.[4]
  3. Additionally, four of the six non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives caucus with the Democratic Party.[7]
Footnotes
  1. Winger, Richard. "March 2020 Ballot Access News Print Edition". Ballot Access News. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  2. "2016 Electoral College Results". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  3. "Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. January 30, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 18, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  4. "U.S. Senate: Party Division". United States Senate. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  5. "Party Breakdown". House Press Gallery. House Press Gallery. 29 November 2018. Archived from the original on 14 March 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  6. "State Partisan Composition". National Conference of State Legislatures. April 1, 2019. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  7. "Directory of Representatives". United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on March 5, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  8. Winger, Richard. "March 2020 Ballot Access News Print Edition". Ballot Access News. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  9. Martin, Douglas (November 22, 2010). "David Nolan, 66, Is Dead; Started Libertarian Party". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  10. Segal, Cheryl (May 27, 2016). "5 things the Libertarian Party stands for". The Hill. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  11. Mark P. Jones, ed. (2020). Voting and Political Representation in America: Issues and Trends [2 volumes]. Mark P. Jones. p. 202. The Vermont Progressive Party is a competitive third party that currently provides a visible democratic socialist presence in the state's politics.
  12. "Meet the Working Families Party, Whose Ballot Line is in Play in New York". Prospect.org. 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2016-11-30.
  13. "Green Party Founding". www.c-span.org. C-SPAN. July 30, 2001. Archived from the original on May 16, 2017. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  14. Chiusano, Mark (February 1, 2019). "End of a Long era for NY Conservatives". Newsday. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  15. Kleefeld, Eric (July 26, 2010). "Tancredo's New Home In The Constitution Party: A Religious, Paleoconservative Group Without Much Electoral Success". Talking Points Memo. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  16. Feinauer, J.J. (January 16, 2014). "Want to support a third party? Here are your options". Deseret News. Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  17. "'No separate destiny for US workers apart from the workers of the world'". International Communist Press. October 1, 2018. Archived from the original on February 16, 2019. Retrieved February 8, 2019.
  18. "Meet the SWP candidates: Alyson Kennedy & Malcolm Jarrett". The Militant. February 10, 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2002.
  19. Lopez, German (October 28, 2020). "There's a Prohibition Party candidate running for president in 2016". Vox. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  20. Young, Jeremy Au (February 26, 2016). "Is socialism now acceptable in the US?". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
  21. Thomas, Jeff (February 6, 1996). "Natural Law Party advocates meditation as way to peace". Colorado Springs Gazette - Telegraph. p. B.2.
  22. Cimmino, Jeff (August 7, 2017). "The American Solidarity Party Charts Its Own Path". National Review. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  23. "Socialist Equality Party Raises its U.S. Profile: With a History as Left Wreckers and a 19th Century Program, a Group to Beware of". Socialism.com. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  24. Istvan, Zoltan; C, ContributorLibertarian; Wager, idate for California Governor 2018; Creator of Immortality Bus; Author of bestselling Philosophy novel The Transhumanist (2014-10-08). "Should a Transhumanist Run for US President?". HuffPost. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  25. Green, John C.; Rozell, Mark J.; Wilcox, Clyde (2003). The Christian Right in American Politics: Marching to the Millennium. Georgetown University Press. p. 245. ISBN 978-1-58901-429-9.
  26. Hershey, Marjorie Randon (2017). Party Politics in America. Taylor & Francis. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-134-83666-6.
  27. Day, Alan John (2002). Political Parties of the World. John Harper. p. 508. ISBN 978-0-9536278-7-5.
  28. Winger, Richard (May 6, 2019). "Minnesota Independence Party Becomes State Affiliate of the Alliance Party". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  29. "American Freedom Party". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  30. Cunningham, Geoff (March 13, 2010). "Rye man wants third party on ballots". Seacoast Media Group.
  31. Cunningham, Geoff (March 13, 2010). "Rye man wants third party on ballots". Seacoast Media Group.
  32. Love, Barbara J. (2006). Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975. University of Illinois Press. p. 158.
  33. "Presidential Hopefuls Meet in Third Party Debate". PBS NewsHour Extra.
  34. Eli, Milchman (June 20, 2006). "The Pirates Hold a Party". Wired Magazine. Retrieved February 20, 2009.
  35. Walker, Hunter (September 17, 2014). "American Separatists Are Thrilled About Scotland And Think It Will Lead To A 'Paradigm Shift'". Business Insider. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
  36. Finnegan, By Michael (September 3, 2008). "Sarah Palin's ties to Alaskan Independence Party are played down". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
  37. Featherly, Kevin (August 3, 2018). "Weed backer hopes to smoke competition in AG race". Minnesota Lawyer. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  38. Fois, Bob (March 8, 2006). "Revisionist Politics". News Copy. Archived from the original on April 10, 2008 – via Wayback machine.
  39. Maximova, Alexandra (2006). "Losing Ballot Access – And Getting it Back!" (PDF). Oregon Socialist. Retrieved 2006-12-19.
  40. "Moderate Party | Rhode Island | onPolitix". 2012-11-12. Archived from the original on 2012-11-12. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  41. "New centrist party forms in Utah to attract disaffected Republicans, Democrats". The Salt Lake Tribune. May 22, 2017. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  42. Luce, Stephanie (July 28, 2017). "What Happens If We Win?". Jacobin.
  43. "Unity Party Reaches Minor-Party Status in Colorado". Westword. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  44. "Black Riders show resistance is possible". Workers World Party. Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  45. Barrett, James R. (January 24, 2018). "Communist Party USA, 1919 to 1957". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.331. Retrieved May 13, 2019.

Further reading
  • Nash, Howard P., Jr.; Schnapper, M. B. (1959). Third Parties in American Politics.
  • Ness, Immanuel; Ciment, James (2000). The Encyclopedia of Third Parties in America. Armonk, NY, U.S.A.: Sharpe Reference. ISBN 0-7656-8020-3.
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