List of countries by research and development spending

This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available.

List

Only those nations which annually spend more than 50 million dollars have been included. The world's total nominal R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010.[1]

Country/Region Expenditures on R&D
(billions of US$, PPP)		 % of GDP PPP Expenditures on R&D per capita
(US$ PPP)		 Year Source
1  China 553.4 2.19 388 2018 [2]
2  United States 511.1 2.744 1,586.35 2016 [3]
3  Japan 165.7 3.147 1,297.39 2016 [3]
4  Germany 118.8 2.94 1,450.17 2016 [3]
5  South Korea 91.6 4.292 1,518.47 2014 [4]
6  India 66.5 0.85 39.37 2015 [5]
7  Brazil 60.0 2.256 905.8 2014 [6]
8  United Kingdom 44.8 1.701 692.9 2014 [6]
9  Russia 42.6 1.187 290.21 2014 [4]
10  France 38.4 1.17 177.89 2012 [7][3][8]
11  Taiwan 33.7 3.1 1,383.84 2015 [9][4]
12  Italy 27.4 1.287 452.14 2014 [4]
13  Canada 25.7 1.612 723.5 2014 [6]
14  Australia 23.3 2.12 986.86 2014 [10]
15  Spain 19.2 1.222 413.46 2014 [4]
16  Israel 18.6 4.90 1,973.0 2018 [11]
17  Netherlands 16.3 1.973 967.8 2014 [6]
18  Turkey 15.3 1.007 198.36 2014 [4]
19  Sweden 14.2 3.161 1,468.1 2014 [6]
20   Switzerland 13.1 2.967 1,647.90 2012 [4]
21  Belgium 12.4 2.465 1,102.9 2014 [6]
22  Thailand 12.4 1.0 179.89 2017 [3]
23  Austria 11.9 3.1 1,416.14 2015 [4]
24  Poland 11.6 0.935 301.06 2014 [4][8][3]
25  Malaysia 10.6 1.3 344.3 2015 [7]
26  Singapore 10.0 2.186 1,831.7 2014 [6]
27  Mexico 9.0 0.941 237.57 2014 [4]
28  Denmark 8.2 3.085 1,450.2 2014 [6]
29  Finland 7.2 3.174 1,318.0 2014 [6]
30  Czech Republic 6.3 1.997 600.04 2014 [4]
31  Egypt 6.2 0.68 73.18 2013 [7]
32  South Africa 6.1 0.818 108.47 2016 [3]
33  Norway 5.8 1.710 1,123.9 2014 [6]
34  Argentina 5.0 0.588 129.09 2013 [4][3][8]
35  United Arab Emirates 4.28 0.70 470.7 2014 [6]
36  Ireland 3.6 1.519 779.4 2014 [6]
37  Portugal 3.6 1.285 347.84 2014 [4]
38  Hungary 3.4 1.371 343.01 2014 [4]
39  Ukraine 3 0.76 73.7 2013 [7]
40  Hong Kong 2.7 0.73 373.09 2012 [7]
41  Greece 2.4 1.007 216.72 2014 [4][12][8]
42  Pakistan 2.4 0.29 13.29 2013 [7]
43  Romania 2.3 0.48 114.1 2016 [3]
44  Indonesia 2.0 0.08 8.09 2013 [7]
45  New Zealand 1.8 1.172 400.99 2013 [4]
46  Saudi Arabia 1.8 0.25 60.01 2012 [13][14]
47  Colombia 1.6 0.24 31 2014 [7][3][8]
48  Chile 1.54 0.38 87.39 2014 [4][3][8]
49  Slovenia 1.5 2.386 712.63 2014 [4]
50  Morocco 1.5 0.73 47.59 2010 [7]
51  Slovakia 1.4 0.886 250.55 2014 [4]
52  Qatar 1.3 0.47 698.50 2012 [7]
53  Belarus 1.12 0.67 118.44 2013 [7]
54  Vietnam 0.87 0.21 9.91 2011 [15]
55  Kuwait 0.83 0.30 214.16 2013 [7]
56  Bulgaria 0.81 0.65 112.15 2013 [16]
57  Ecuador 0.8 0.44 49.90 2016 [3][8]
58  Ethiopia 0.79 0.61 9.08 2013 [7]
59  Tunisia 0.78 0.68 72.83 2012 [7]
60  Lithuania 0.76 0.88 245.36 2017 [16]
61  Luxembourg 0.7 1.256 1,252.7 2014 [6]
62  Croatia 0.7 0.81 166.75 2013 [16]
63  Serbia 0.7 0.73 97.86 2013 [16]
64  Iran 0.7 0.12 9.08 2014 [17]
65  Kazakhstan 0.67 0.17 39.24 2013 [7]
66  Philippines 0.48 0.11 5.4 2007 [7]
67  Peru 0.4 0.12 12.94 2015 [12][3][8]
68  Estonia 0.344 1.29 264.62 2017 [18]
69  Azerbaijan 0.33 0.21 35.98 2013 [7]
70  Latvia 0.28 0.51 136.8 2017 [16]
71  Uganda 0.28 0.48 8.27 2010 [7]
72  Costa Rica 0.28 0.47 61.55 2011 [7]
73  Iceland 0.27 1.891 831.2 2014 [6]
74  Mongolia 0.26 0.17 73.66 2013 [7]
75  Uruguay 0.24 0.34 69.88 2015 [7][3][8]
76  Sudan 0.18 0.23 4.74 2007 [12]
77  Algeria 0.16 0.07 4.13 2007 [12]
78  Cyprus 0.13 0.48 150.82 2013 [16]
79  North Macedonia 0.12 0.44 55.99 2013 [7]
80  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.12 0.33 31.73 2013 [7]
81  Malta 0.11 0.85 270.78 2013 [16]
82  Bolivia 0.08 0.15 7.29 2012 [3][8]
83  Botswana 0.07 0.25 37.01 2012 [7]
84  Oman 0.07 0.23 25.40 2013 [7]
85  Macau 0.07 0.09 122.2 2014 [6]
86  Moldova 0.06 0.35 16.44 2013 [7]
87  Bahrain 0.06 0.100 45.2 2014 [6]
88  Paraguay 0.06 0.13 9.13 2015 [3][8]
89  Georgia 0.05 0.16 14.73 2014 [7]
90  Montenegro 0.03 0.38 55.75 2013 [16]

See also

References
  1. "- Royal Society" (PDF). royalsociety.org.
  2. "China's spending on research and development up 11.8 per cent to US$275 billion in 2018".
  3. "How Much Does Your Country Invest in R&D?". UNESCO.
  4. "Research and development (R&D) - Gross domestic spending on R&D - OECD Data". data.oecd.org. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  5. "2016 GLOBAL R&D FUNDING FORECAST" (PDF).
  6. "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  7. "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)". World Bank. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  8. "Science, technology and innovation". UNESCO.
  9. Taiwan ranked 9th globally for R&D spending in 2015, The Central News Agency, 2017/07/19
  10. "Australian Bureau of Statistics - GROSS EXPENDITURE ON R&D (GERD)". www.abs.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  11. "Israel's expenditure on civilian R&D rises 4.6 pct in 2018: report - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  12. "UNESCO science report, 2010: the current status of science around the world; 2010" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  13. "2012 Global R & D Funding Forecast: R & D Spending Growth Continues While Globalization Accelerates". 16 December 2011.
  14. "Data" (PDF). www.natureasia.com.
  15. vietnamnet.vn. "How much does Vietnam spend on R&D? - News VietNamNet". english.vietnamnet.vn. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  16. "File:Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, 2003–13 (% of GDP) YB15.png - Statistics Explained". ec.europa.eu.
  17. "مصاحبه تفصیلی فارس با قائم‌مقام معاون تحقیقات وزارت بهداشت/۱ رشد علمی کشور پارسال منفی شد/ تحقیقات پزشکی بدون بودجه درجا می‌زند". Farsnews.com. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  18. "TD052: Research and development expenditures and their financing from state and local budgets". Eesti Statistkaamet. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
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