Ho Chi Minh City Metro

The Ho Chi Minh City Metro (Vietnamese: Dự án đường sắt đô thị Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, lit. 'Ho Chi Minh City urban railway project') is a planned rapid transit network that will serve Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam.

Ho Chi Minh City Metro
Overview
Native nameDự án đường sắt đô thị Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
OwnerManagement Authority for Urban Railways
LocaleHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines1 (under construction)
7 (planned)
Number of stations14 (under construction)
Operation
Operation will startQ4 2021[1]
Headway2 minutes[2]
Technical
System length19.7 km (12.2 mi) (Line 1)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge[2]
ElectrificationOverhead line
Top speed80 km/h (50 mph)[2]
System map

Its first metro line, Line 1, started construction in 2012 and is scheduled for completion in 2021. As of 2019, most of the network is in the planning stages, with projects for different lines advancing as funds become available.[3]

History

Earlier proposals (2001–2012)
Main article: Ho Chi Minh City Metro (Earlier proposals)

The network was first proposed in 2001[2] as part of a comprehensive public transport network plan including Ho Chi Minh City and neighbouring provinces, with the aim of avoiding the severe traffic congestion problems that have affected other Asian cities (such as Hanoi).[4]

According to the original master plan submitted in February 2001, the metro system would comprise six lines. The plan was originally expected to cost US$1.5 billion over 10 years, as part of a US$3.35 billion program to build a rail network serving Ho Chi Minh City and surrounding provinces.[5]

The plan was revised in 2007 and proposed no less than six urban rail lines. The city’s transport development master plan to 2020 envisages developing three monorail or light rail lines with a total length of 37 kilometres (23 mi) and six underground metro routes with a total length of 107 kilometres (66 mi).[6] Bến Thành Market in District 1, already a major hub for bus traffic, will become a major hub connecting several lines.

Revised plan and construction (2013–present)
Construction of Bến Thành station (August 2017)

The latest plans for Ho Chi Minh City Metro is a revised version of the earlier proposal in 2007 was approved in 8 April 2013.[7][8] The network's first line, connecting Bến Thành Market and Suối Tiên Park in District 9, was originally scheduled for completion in 2014. A groundbreaking ceremony for Line 1 was held on 21 February 2008. However, due to funding issues, construction only started in 2012, pushing the project completion date to 2018.[9][10][11]

In September 2013 an agreement was reached with the Asian Development Bank, the European Investment Bank, and the Spanish Government to provide €850 million to finance the construction of line 5 - with any additional cost funded by the Vietnamese Government. A revised construction start of 2015 was provided.[12]

On 13 September 2017, the authorities announced that Line 1 will be delayed for two years. Cost overrun, audits and delayed payments to contractors contributed to the delay. The targeted completion date is now set at 2020.[1] Planners expect the route to serve more than 160,000 passengers daily upon launch, increasing to 635,000 by 2030 and 800,000 by 2040. All stations along the route are expected to accommodate the disabled, with automatic ticket vending machines, telephone booths, restrooms, subway doors and information bulletins accessible to the handicapped and visually impaired.

On 28 January 2019, MAUR Director of Project Management Unit, Duong Huu Hoa stated that construction progress of Line 1, as of December 2018 has reached 62%, below the target of 65%. The project has been criticised in the local press for its repeated delays.[13]

Construction of Line 2 was initially scheduled to begin in 2013, with operations beginning in 2018. However, on 13 September 2017, the local authorities have requested to the Prime Minister to push back the construction of the second line to 2020 with completion in 2024. As of February 2020, the expected opening date for the first line is the end of 2021.[14] No reason was given for the delay. The estimated cost of the line has also ballooned from $1.3 billion to more than $2.1 billion. [15]

Lines
Line color Line Line name Length Stations Terminus Note
Red
 1 
 S: Sài Gòn line 19.7 km 14 Bến Thành
↔ Suối Tiên Park		 Under construction[16]
Option to extend to Biên Hoà or Bình Dương
Yellow
 2 
 B: Bà Quẹo line 48 km 42 Northwest Town (Củ Chi)
↔ Thủ Thiêm		 Construction set to resume in 2020
Phase 1: Bến Thành-Tham Lương with 11 stations. [17]
Blue
 3A 
 K: Tân Kiên line 19.8 km 17 Bến Thành
↔ Tân Kiên		 planned
Option to extend to Tân An
Purple
 3B 
 N: Thị Nghè line 12.2 km 10 Cộng Hoà Junction
↔ Hiệp Binh Phước		 planned
Option to extend to Thủ Dầu Một and connect with Bình Dương Metro
Green
 4 
 G: Gò Vấp line 35.75 km 32 Thạnh Xuân
↔ Hiệp Phước		 planned
Green
 4 
 T: Tân Sơn Nhất line 03.2 km 03 Gia Định Park (Line 4)
↔ Lăng Cha Cả (Line 5)		 planned
Phase 1: Tân Sơn Nhất Airport - Lăng Cha Cả[18]
Light blue
 5 
 C: Cần Giuộc line 23.39 km 22 New Cần Giuộc Bus Station
↔ Saigon Bridge		 planned
Phase 1: Bảy Hiền-Saigon Bridge[19]
Gold
 6 
 Đ: Đầm Sen line 06.8 km 07 Bà Quẹo Junction
↔ Phú Lâm Junction		 planned

The plan also includes 3 lines of tramway and monorail:

Line description Length Stations Route Note
Tramway 1 12.8 km 6 Ba Son (Line 1) - Võ Văn Kiệt - Lý Chiêu Hoàng - Current Western Bus Station (Bến xe Miền Tây) planned
Option to extend to Bình Quới
Monorail 2 27.2 km ? National Highway 50 - Xuân Thuỷ (District 2) - Bình Quới planned
Monorail 3 16.5 km ? Junction Nguyễn Oanh and Phan Văn Trị - Quang Trung Software City - Tân Chánh Hiệp Railway Station planned

Fares and ticketing

To encourage high ridership, fares on the Ho Chi Minh City Metro network will be set low, on the order of VND 2,500 (about US$0.11). By comparison, bus fares within the city are generally VND 3,000 (as of 2013, bus fares are at around VND 5,000 to VND 7,000 [20][21]). A common farecard, valid on both the metro network and bus network, will be made available as well.[22]

See also

Footnotes

    Notes and references
    References
    1. "Ho Chi Minh City selects underground contractors". Railway Gazette International. 26 July 2014. Retrieved 2015-04-25.
    2. Robert Schwandl (2007). "Ho Chi Minh City Metro". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
    3. "Saigon metro lines cost escalation cleared, construction not to stop". VNExpress.net. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
    4. "Ho Chi Minh City plans to build a metro network". International Railway Journal. 1 May 2002. Archived from the original on 1 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
    5. "Ho Chi Minh City Metro Plan". International Railway Journal. January 2001. Archived from the original on 2010-06-01. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
    6. M.Vong (10 April 2007). "Vietnam to build first subway with Japanese aid". Thanh Nien. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
    7. "Decision 568/QĐ-TTg". Thu Vien Phap Luat. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
    8. "Master plan of urban railways system". MAUR. Archived from the original on 25 April 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
    9. http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/vietnammetro/
    10. "The work begins: HCM City to have first subway in 2014". VietnamNet Bridge. 30 April 2010.
    11. "Work starts on Ho Chi Minh City metro line". International Railway Journal. 24 August 2010. Archived from the original on 28 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
    12. "City Metro Project receives Euro850 million funding". SGGP. 12 September 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-12.
    13. https://tuoitre.vn/nguy-co-tam-dung-du-an-metro-so-1-tphcm-hau-qua-khon-luong-20171014080245798.htm
    14. [https://vietnaminsider.vn/first-metro-line-in-ho-chi-minh-to-launch-next-year/ Vietnam Insider, "First Metro Line in Ho Chi Minh to Launch Next Year", 19 February 2020.
    15. TheLEADER.VN (2018-01-18). "HCM City calls for additional US$17.8 billion in eight urban railway routes". TheLEADER. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
    16. "TP HCM khởi công ga ngầm metro Bến Thành". Retrieved 25 April 2017.
    17. "TPHCM khởi công tuyến tàu điện ngầm số 2". Retrieved 25 April 2017.
    18. "5 tuyến metro của TP HCM đang triển khai đến đâu?". Retrieved 25 April 2017.
    19. "TPHCM: Tuyến metro số 2 và 5 đủ vốn vẫn chưa thể khởi công". Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
    20. "Bus fares to be increased since October 1 in Hanoi". VNExpress. 22 August 2012. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
    21. "Bus fares to be increased in Ho Chi Minh city". VNExpress. 25 December 2012. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
    22. David M. Lenard (3 November 2004). "Ho Chi Minh's subway dreams". Asia Times. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
    Bibliography
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