Chengdu Metro

Chengdu Metro is the rapid transit system of Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan, China. The system consists of 7 subway lines and 1 light rail line. Line 1 was opened on 27 September 2010, making it the first heavy-rail metro line in southwest China. (Chongqing Rail Transit opened Monorail first in 2005)[4] Line 2 began operation in September 2012. Line 4 opened to public at the end of December 2015, while Line 3 opened in July 2016. Metro lines are operated by Chengdu Rail Transit Group Company Limited.

Chengdu Metro
Logo of Chengdu Metro
Overview
OwnerCity of Chengdu
LocaleChengdu, Sichuan, China
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines8
Number of stations260
Daily ridership3.1713 million (2018 Avg.)[1]
4.4836 million (2019 Peak)[2]
Annual ridership1158 million (2018)[1]
Websitewww.chengdurail.com
Operation
Began operation27 September 2010 (2010-09-27)
(10 September 2010 (2010-09-10) Public Trial)
Operator(s)Chengdu Rail Transit Group
Technical
System length341.96 km (212.5 mi)[3] (with light rail)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification1500 V DC overhead lines
System map
Chengdu Metro Official System Map 2020

There are currently 389 km (242 mi) of subway lines under construction in Chengdu in 2020.[5] There will be 13 subway lines of totaling 521 km (324 mi) and expected to serve over 8 million trips per day.[6]

History
Chengdu Metro
Simplified Chinese成都地铁
Traditional Chinese成都地鐵
Evolution of the Chengdu Metro

Inception

In 1985, the Chengdu Planning Bureau set up an integrated transportation planning office which began the process of the planning for a rapid transit network for Chengdu.[7] By 1992, a proposal for the subway was sent to the National Planning Commission[8] and was subsequently rejected.[7] In 2004 before the approval of the National Development and Reform Commission Chengdu started reconstructing Tianfu Square with provisions for Tianfu Square station.[9] The first phase of Chengdu Metro, consisting of Lines 1 and 2, were approved by the NDRC on September 11, 2005.[10]

First Phase Projects
  • Line 1 started construction on December 28, 2005.[11]
  • Line 2 began construction on 29 December 2007.[12]
  • In May 2009 the NDRC approved the addition of a western and eastern extensions of Line 2, and approved the first phase of Lines 3 and 4 in Phase 1.[13]
  • Line 1 opened on 27 September 2010.[4][14]
  • Construction of the first phase of Line 4 started construction on 22 July 2011.[15]
  • On April 25, 2012, Line 3 was approved by the Development and Reform Commission. [16]
  • On January 16, 2012, the National Development and Reform Commission officially approved the southern extension of Line 1.[17]
  • On April 28, 2012, Line 3 started construction.[18]
  • On June 8, 2013, Line 2 West Extension to Xipu, and Ocean Park Station on Line 1 was opened. Ocean Park was then renamed to Jincheng Plaza.
  • On October 26, 2014, Line 2 East Extension to Longquanyi opened.
  • On July 25, 2015, Line 1 South Extension was opened.[19]
  • On December 10, 2015, Line 4 Phase 1 was opened.
  • On July 31, 2016, Line 3 Phase 1 was opened marking the completion of the first phase.

Second Phase Projects
  • In May 2009, the NDRC approved the second phase of expansion for the Chengdu Metro consisting Line 1 Phase 3, Line 3 Phase 2 and 3, Line 4 Phase 2, Line 5 Phase 1 and 2, Line 6 Phase 1, Line 7, Line 10 Phase 1, and Line 18. In total Phase 2 consists of 183.3 km (113.9 mi) of new subway.[20]
  • On June 4, 2014, Line 10 Phase 1 started construction.[21]
  • In August 2015, Line 5 Phase 1 started construction.[22]
  • On June 2, 2017, Line 4 Phase 2 was opened.[23]
  • On September 6, 2017, Line 10 phase 1 was opened.[24]
  • On December 6, 2017, Line 7 was opened.[25]
  • On March 18, 2018, Line 1 Phase 3 was opened.[26]
  • On December 26, 2018, Line 3 Phase 2 and 3 was opened.[27]
  • On December 27, 2019, Line 5 and Line 10 Phase 2 was opened.[3]

Third Phase Projects
  • On July 11, 2016, the NDRC approved the third phase of expansion for the Chengdu Metro consisting of Line 6 phase 2 and 3, Line 8, Line 9, Line 10 Phase 2, Line 17 Phase 1 and Line 18.[28]
  • On December 31, 2016, Lines 8, 9 and the second phase of Line 10 started construction.[29]
  • On August 16, 2016, Line 18 started construction.[30]
  • In February 2017 (Chengdu Metro) Ltd (成都地铁有限责任公司) changed its name to Chengdu Rail Transit Group Co. Ltd (成都轨道交通集团有限公司).
  • On February 27 2017, Line 17 Phase 1 started construction.[31][32]
  • On February 28 2017, first tunnel borning machine started tunneling Line 18.[33]
  • On February 19, 2019, Line 9's first train was delivered from CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles. It is Chengdu's the first ever subway train capable of GoA4 ATO.[34]
  • On July 30, 2019, the TBM finished tunneling between Chengdu West Railway to Huangtianba Stations, completing tunneling for Line 9.[35]
  • On August 5, 2019, all stations on Line 17 Phase 1 completed construction of main structure and roofing.[36]
  • In November 2019, Chengdu Metro started to use new signage branding with the opening of Line 5.[37]
  • On June 2, 2020, Line 18, the biggest PPP project in China, started its 3-month trial operation in preparation for opening.[38]
  • On January 14, 2020, the last section of track was laid between Sanyuan Station to Jincheng Avenue Station, completing track work for all of Line 9 Phase 1.[39]
  • On April 11, 2020, Chengdu Metro reported that track-laying for Line 8 was completed.[40]
  • On June 19, 2020, Line 9 and Line 17 both started 3-month trial operations.[42]
  • On June 24, 2020, Construction finished for Wutongmiao Temple Depot (五桐庙停车场) for Line 17.[43]
  • On July 8, 2020, Line 6 Phase 1 and 2 was officially powered on.[44]
  • On August 6, 2020, Line 18 completed fire-prevention assessment.[45]
  • On August 8, 2020, line 8's whole line power network passed quality assessment.[46]

Fourth Phase Projects
New signage in Chengdu Metro [47]
  • On June 17, 2019, the NDRC approved the fourth phase expansion for the Chengdu Metro. It consists of Line 8 Phase 2, Line 10 Phase 3, Line 13 Phase 1, Line 17 Phase 2, Line 18 Phase 3, Line 19 Phase 2, Line 27 Phase 1, Line 30 Phase 1.[48] The Fourth Phase consists of 176.65 km (109.77 mi) of new lines.[6]
  • On March 18, 2020, construction started on Line 8 Phase 2, Line 19 Phase 2, Line 27 Phase 1, and Line 30 Phase 1.[49]
  • On April 11, 2020, construction started on Line 10 Phase 3, Line 13 Phase 1, Line 17 Phase 2, Line 18 Phase 3, and Line 19 Phase 2.[40]

Operating network

In total, Chengdu Metro including light rail lines is 341.96 km. There are seven subway lines operated covering 302.66 km (188.1 mi)[3] with 222 stations and 1 light rail line operating.

Chengdu Metro Official Signal Colour (2020)
Line Terminals
(District/County)		 Commencement Newest
Extension		 Length
km		 Stations
1 Weijianian
(Jinniu)		 Science City
(Shuangliu)		 2010 2018 40.99 35
Wugensong
(Shuangliu)
2 Xipu
(Pidu)		 Longquanyi
(Longquanyi)		 2012 2014 42.32 32
3 Chengdu Medical College
(Xindu)		 Shuangliu West Station
(Shuangliu)		 2016 2018 49.89 37
4 Wansheng
(Wenjiang)		 Xihe
(Longquanyi)		 2015 2017 43.28 30
5 Huagui Road
(Xindu)		 Huilong
(Tianfu)		 2019 49.02[51] 41
7
loop line		 Cuijiadian
(Chenghua)		 Cuijiadian
(Chenghua)		 2017 38.61 31
10 Taipingyuan
(Wuhou)		 Xinping
(Xinjin)		 2017 2019 37.972 16
Total 302.66[3] 222

Line 1
Main article: Line 1 (Chengdu Metro)
Shuangliu Airport 1 Terminal Station faregates

The first phase of Line 1 cost 7 billion yuan to construct.[52] A natural ventilation system has been used in the underground section of Line 1 on the subway system from Southern Third Ring Road to Jingcheng Plaza Station. Square ventilation units are built every 30m along the subway top to allow fresh air from the ground enter the construction site underground. The method is used in subway construction in other countries as it cuts the construction cost and it saves energy. The subway system is the first in China to adopt such a ventilation system during construction. Chengdu Metro is planning to set up a section for subway fire control and introduce the latest fire fighting technologies and vehicles. Line 1's color is dark blue.[53]

Line 2
Main article: Line 2 (Chengdu Metro)

Line 2 is a crosstown northwest-southeast trunk line. It serves the Chengdu East Railway Station. Line 2 began operation on 16 September 2012. Line 2's color is orange.[54]

The elevated Damianpu Station.

Line 3
Main article: Line 3 (Chengdu Metro)

Line 3 is a crosstown northeast-southwest trunk line. It started operation on 31 July 2016. Line 3's color is magenta.

Line 4
Main article: Line 4 (Chengdu Metro)

Line 4 is a crosstown east-west trunk line, serving the Chengdu West Railway Station. It started operation on 26 December 2015. Line 4's color is green.

Line 5
Main article: Line 5 (Chengdu Metro)

Line 5 is a crosstown north-south trunk line. It started operation on 27 December 2019. Line 5's color is purple.

Chengdu Metro Line 6 Trains

Line 7
Main article: Line 7 (Chengdu Metro)

Line 7 is a loop line which runs around downtown Chengdu. It started operation on 6 December 2017. Line 7's color is sky blue.

Line 10
Main article: Line 10 (Chengdu Metro)

Line 10 is a line serving Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport. It started operation on 6 September 2017. Line 10's color is blue.

R2 Light Rail Train
Main article: zh:成都有轨电车蓉2号线

Chengdu Tram Line 2 has 39.3 km of operating tracks, 35 stations (47 when fully completed). Line R2's color is light green.

Network Expansion

Lines under construction
Map of Chengdu Metro plan (2024)

It is expected that Chengdu will have built about 291 km (181 mi) of subway lines in 2020.[55] In 2017, the construction of the first phases of Lines 8, 9, 11, 17 and Line 10 (Phase 2) started, the length of subway under construction in Chengdu totaling 400 km (250 mi).[56] It is expected by the end of 2020, Lines 6, 8, 9, 17 and 18 will open. Extending the Chengdu Metro network to 555 km of route.[57]

Est. Opening Line Phase Terminals Length (km) Stations Notes
202018Phase 1South Railway StationTianfu Railway Station41.27
Phase 2SanchaTerminal 1&2 of Tianfu International Airport25.634
20206Phase 1, 2Wangcong TempleGuandong72.938[58][59][60][61]
Phase 3GuandongLanjiagou18
202017[lower-alpha 1]Phase 1JinxingJitouqiao26.159
20208Phase 1LianhuaShilidian29.122[63]
9Phase 1Sanse RoadHuangtianba22.1813[64]
2022 19 Phase 1 Jiujiang North Tianfu Railway Station 42.87 12
2024 13 Phase 1 Qiligou Longhua Temple 29.07 21
2024 18 Phase 3 North Section North Railway Station South Railway Station 10.99 4 [65][66]
Phase 3 South Section Terminal 1&2 of Tianfu International Airport North of Tianfu International Airport 3.16 1
Phase 3 Guanyan Section North of Tianfu International Airport Guanyan 2.57 1
2024 27 Phase 1 Xiangcheng Avenue Heyuanmen 24.86 23
2024 30 Phase 1 Terminal 2 of Shuangliu International Airport Hongjiaqiao 26.28 23
Chengdu Rail Transit Future Plan

Long Term Planning

On November 23, 2016, Chengdu Urban Planning Bureau reported that the official "Chengdu urban rail transit plan (modified)" is approved by Chengdu Government. Future network is composed with 46 lines, with 23 local lines, 17 express lines, 3 existing inter-city lines, 1 inter-city control line (Jianyang Line), 2 out-of-city line (Ziyang Line), and Line 39 (Meishan Line). The whole network will be 2450 km and 2278 km inside Chengdu.[67]

Fares

Single Ride Card

Single Ride Card is an IC card for one trip. Riders can purchase it through attendants in station's Service Centers or use ticket-vending machines. One ticket allows only one rider in with validity of the same day. If riders have not used the Single Ride Card, they may refund it at the same day at the same station.[68]

From its opening until 1 June 2017, Chengdu Metro used a fare system based on station counts.[69] With a 2 hour grace period in the subway system.[70] In October 2016, Chengdu Metro held public meeting for price changing issues and set new pricing plans.[71]

From June 2nd 2017, Chengdu Metro starts new fare system based on distance.[72]

Distance (km) Distance to next price level (km) Total Price (CNY 元)
0～44￥2
4～84￥3
8～124￥4
12～186￥5
18～246￥6
24～328￥7
32～408￥8
40～5010￥9
When the trip is longer than 50km, each addtional 20 km requires another ￥1
Each rider has a 3 hour grace period in the system.

Reloadable IC cards

The Tianfutong Pass is a reloadable IC Card accepted by the Chengdu Metro.[73] Normal Tianfutong Passes provide 10% discounts. Student Tianfutong Passes provide 50% discounts. Senior Tianfutong Passes have special discounts depending on time of use.[74][75] Addtionally, passenger can pay their fares directly for single rides using Debit IC cards offered by participating banks.[76][77]

Train Types and Technology
The interior of a Line 7 train showing local ancient Sanxingdui culture.

All Chengdu Metro lines in operation run on 1,500 V DC supplied by overhead lines.[78][79][80] Trains on Lines 3, 4, 7, 10 and some of the newer Line 2 trains have a Golden Sun Bird insignia.

Type A Trains

In response to congestion and high ridership, Lines 7 and 10 are equipped with higher capacity 6-car aluminum alloy Type A trains. The total length of 140 meters and width is 3 meters. All trains have a maximum operating speed of 80 km/h. The capacity of a 6-car train is 1,828 passengers with a crush load capacity of 2,488 passengers. Line 7 trains are designed and managed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang with CRRC Chengdu performing manufacturing and assembly.[81] Lines 5 and 6 are equipped with even higher capacity eight car aluminum alloy Type A trains. The capacity of an eight car trainset is 2,480 passengers with a crush load capacity of 3,456 passengers.[82]

Type B Trains

Lines 1, 2, 3 and 4 use six car stainless steel Type B trains with a total length of 120 meters and width 2.8 meters. The capacity of each train set is 1,460 people with a crush load capacity of 1,880 passengers.[83] All trains have a maximum operating speed of 80 km/h. Lines 1 and 2 use CRRC Qingdao Sifang and CRRC Chengdu trains.[84] Trains on Line 3 and 4 are manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles and CRRC Chengdu.[85] In 2008, Chengdu Metro in anticipation of the opening of Line 1, purchased and initial order of 17 six car trains sets from CRRC Qingdao Sifang.[86] In April 2011, a further order was announced for trains from CRRC for Line 2, taking the total to 59 six car sets.[87]

Light Rail Trains
Chengdu Metro Official System Map (Released officially in 2020)

Currently, only Chengdu Light Rail Line 2 is in operation.

Chengdu Light Rail Line 2 uses low floor light rail trains provided by domestic manufacturer CRRC. The tram system uses light rail trains, of each having 5 cars and 8 doors. Chengdu Light Rail Line R2 opened to public on 26 December 2018 and extended on 27 December 2019. It is 39.3 km long, with 35 stations (47 station when completed). In early 2020, this line is included in the latest Chengdu Metro's official system map.[88][89][90]

Other Train Transit

High-speed intercity rail

There are also two high-speed intercity railways in Chengdu, not part of Chengdu Metro system: the Chengdu–Dujiangyan intercity railway and Chengdu–Pujiang intercity railway. They are operated by Chengdu Metropolitan Railway Company Limited, which is China's first joint venture between a local government and China's national rail operator. The city and the Ministry of Railways worked together in building high-speed intercity rail lines.[91]

See also

Notes
  1. Including Phase 1 of Line 19.[62]

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