Guayas Province

Guayas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡwa.ʝas] (listen)) is a coastal province in Ecuador. It is bordered to the west by Manabí, Santa Elena, and the Pacific Ocean (as the Gulf of Guayaquil); to the east by Los Ríos, Bolívar, Chimborazo, Cañar, and Azuay; to the north by Los Ríos and Bolívar; and to the south by El Oro and the Pacific Ocean.

Guayas
Province
Province of Guayas
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Guayas in Ecuador.
Cantons of Guayas Province
Country	Ecuador
Established	1820
Capital	Guayaquil
Cantons	List of Cantons
Government
• Provincial Prefect	Jimmy Jairala
Area
• Total	15,430.40 km^2 (5,957.71 sq mi)
Population  (2010 census)
• Total	3,645,483
• Density	240/km^2 (610/sq mi)
Vehicle registration	G
HDI (2017)	0.768[1] high · 4th
Website	www.guayas.gob.ec

Palms on the Santay Island.

With a population of over 3 million people, it is the most populous province in Ecuador. In terms of area it is the seventh largest province in the country. The main port of Ecuador, Guayaquil, is located within the province.

Geography

Guayas' natural terrain is very diverse. The province has no elevations, except for the Coastal Range, which starts in Guayaquil and goes to Manabí. The areas west of the Coastal Range are desertic, with an average temperature of 23°C. The areas east of the range belong to the Guayas Watershed. They are quite humid and fertile, especially in the north of the province, with an average temperature of 30°C in the humid season (December–May) and 25°C in the dry season (June–November).

Hydrography

The most important river in the province is the Daule River, which flows from the north to join the Babahoyo River to form the Guayas river. The province is part of the largest river basin in South America west of the Andes Mountains.

Roads

Guayas has its own system for numbering roads. However, this system is unknown to most residents, so it is not regularly used.

The inter-provincial roads are also numbered with the national system. Even routes travel north-south; odd routes travel east-west. The inter-provincial roads that cross the province are the following:

• Ecuador Highway 15 (Vía del Pacífico; Pacific Way)
• Ecuador Highway 25 (Troncal de la Costa; Coastal Main Way)
• Ecuador Highway 40 (Transversal Austral; Austral Crossing Way)

History

Pre-Hispanic cultures

The native culture living in Guayas is the Huancavilca culture. Exactly before the European discovery of America, the Huancavilca Culture was living in the province. Their decedents make up a large part of the population of the province.

Spanish conquest and independence

Guayaquil was founded on August 14, 1534 (its foundation is celebrated on July 25). During the Spanish conquest, Guayaquil became one of the most important ports in South America. The city became free on October 9, 1820, and the Guayaquil Department (one of the original subdivisions of Ecuador) was founded soon afterwards. It consisted of the Manabí Province, and the Guayaquil Province, which was later renamed Guayas. The Guayaquil Province included territory of what now is Peruvian Tumbes, and today's Los Ríos and El Oro. The provinces were separated from Guayas in 1860 and 1884, respectively.

Urbanization

Guayas is the most populous province in the country. In recent decades, there has been a massive exit from rural areas to the main cities (especially Guayaquil). This has created a problem in Guayaquil, as most of the migrants move to municipal areas, creating shantytowns, with no services like water or electricity.

Demographics

Guayas is the most populous province in the country. The estimated population of the province in 2003 was about 3,360,000 people. A large percentage of the population are mestizos, i.e. descendants of both Spanish and indigenous peoples, there are also big communities of people that descend from Italians, Lebanese and German people.

Ethnic groups as of the Ecuadorian census of 2010:[2]

• Mestizo 67.5%
• Montubio 11.3%
• White 9.8%
• Afro-Ecuadorian 9.7%
• Indigenous 1.3%
• Other 0.5%

Political divisions

The province is divided into 25 cantons. The following table lists each with its population at the time of the 2001 census, its area in square kilometres (km²), and the name of the canton seat or capital.[3]

Canton	Pop. (2001)	Area (km²)	Seat/Capital
Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno (Jujan)	19,982	216	Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno (a.k.a. Jujan)
Balao	17,262	465	Balao
Balzar (San Jacinto de Balzar)	48,470	1,173	Balzar
Colimes	21,049	758	Colimes
Coronel Marcelino Maridueña	11,054	255	Coronel Marcelino Maridueña
Daule	85,148	462	Daule
Durán	178,714	339	Durán
El Empalme	64,789	711	El Empalme (a.k.a. Velasco Ibarra)
El Triunfo	34,117	389	El Triunfo
General Antonio Elizalde (Bucay)	8,696	152	General Antonio Elizalde (a.k.a. Bucay)
Guayaquil	2,039,789	5,237	Guayaquil
Isidro Ayora	8,226	492	Isidro Ayora
Lomas de Sargentillo	14,194	67	Lomas de Sargentillo
Milagro	140,103	401	Milagro
Naranjal	53,482	2,015	Naranjal
Naranjito	31,756	226	Naranjito
Nobol	14,753	128	Nobol (a.k.a. Narcisa de Jesús)
Palestina	14,067	194	Palestina
Pedro Carbo	36,711	927	Pedro Carbo
Playas (General Villamil Playas)	30,045	269	Playas (a.k.a. General Villamil Playas)
Salitre (was Urbina Jado)	50,379	390	El Salitre
Samborondón	45,476	388	Samborondón
Santa Lucía	33,868	348	Santa Lucía
Simón Bolívar	20,385	289	Simón Bolívar
Yaguachi	47,630	512	Yaguachi (San Jacinto de Yaguachi)

See also

• Provinces of Ecuador
• Cantons of Ecuador

References

1. Villalba, Juan. "Human Development Index in Ecuador". Scribd (in Spanish). Retrieved 2019-02-05.
3. Cantons of Ecuador. Statoids.com. Retrieved 4 November 2009.

External links

• "Guayas" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 666.
• (in Spanish) Gobierno Provincial del Guayas, official website