COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
The COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Mexico in February 2020. However, the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) reported two cases of COVID-19 in mid-January 2020 in the states of Nayarit and Tabasco, one case per state.[5] As of August 16, there had been 522,162 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico and 56,757 reported deaths,[6][7] although the Secretariat of Health, through the "Programa Centinela" (Spanish for "Sentinel Program") estimated in mid July 2020 that there were more than 2,875,734 cases in Mexico, because they were considering the total number of cases confirmed as a statistical sample.[8]
| COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico | |
|---|---|
 Map of the outbreak in Mexico by increase or decrease of confirmed new infections per week (as of August 11; week 31) | |
  Confirmed active cases (as of August 10) | |
  Number of confirmed deaths and recoveries by state | |
| Disease | COVID-19 |
| Virus strain | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Location | Mexico |
| First outbreak | Wuhan, Hubei, China[1] |
| Index case | Mexico City and Los Mochis[2] |
| Arrival date | February 28, 2020 (5 months, 2 weeks and 6 days) |
| Confirmed cases | 522,162 |
| Active cases | 28,993 |
| Suspected cases‡ | 81,046 |
| Recovered | 355,101 (estimated)[3] |
Deaths | 56,757 |
| Fatality rate | 11.7%[4] |
| Government website | |
| coronavirus | |
| ‡Suspected cases have not been confirmed as being due to this strain by laboratory tests, although some other strains may have been ruled out. | |
Background
On January 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019.[9][10]
The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003,[11][12] but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.[13][11]
Timeline
January 2020
On January 22, 2020, the Secretariat of Health issued a statement saying that the novel coronavirus COVID-19 did not present a danger to Mexico. 441 cases had been confirmed in China, Thailand, South Korea, and the United States, and a travel advisory was issued on January 9.[15]
On January 30, 2020, before the declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization the Government of Mexico designed a Preparation and Response Plan that was made by the National Committee for Health Safety, a working group led by Secretariat of Health composed by different health entities aiming to act upon the imminent arrival of the pandemic. This group carried out a series of alert measures, rehabilitation and updating of epidemiological regulations based on the International Health Regulations, being the first Latam country that deployed a mathematical modelling of infectious disease.[16]
February–March 2020
On February 28, Mexico confirmed its first three cases. A 35-year-old man and a 59-year-old man in Mexico City and a 41-year-old man in the northern state of Sinaloa tested positive and were held in isolation at a hospital and a hotel, respectively. They had travelled to Bergamo, Italy, for a week in mid-February.[17][18][2][19] On February 29, a fourth case was detected and confirmed in the city of Torreón, in the state of Coahuila, from a 20-year-old woman who traveled to Italy.[20]
On March 1, a fifth case was announced in Chiapas in a student who had just returned from Italy.[21] On March 6, a sixth case was confirmed in the State of Mexico in a 71-year-old man who had returned from Italy on February 21.[22]
On March 7, a seventh case was also confirmed in Mexico City in a 46-year-old male who had previously had contact with another confirmed case in the United States.[23]
On March 10, an eighth case was reported in Puebla, a 47-year-old German man who had returned from a business trip to Italy.[24] On the same date, 40 members of a dance company in Puebla, returning from a tour in Italy, were quarantined.[25] The Mexican Stock Exchange fell to a record low on March 10 due to fears of the coronavirus and because of falling oil prices. The Bank of Mexico (Banxico) stepped in to prop up the value of the peso, which fell 14% to 22.929 per US dollar.[26]
On March 11, a ninth case was confirmed in the city of Monterrey, Nuevo León. A 57-year-old man, who had recently come back from a trip all across Europe, was placed under quarantine. The man, who has remained anonymous, came back from his trip a week before and had contact with eight other people who have also been placed under quarantine in their houses. The man has been confirmed to reside in the city of San Pedro Garza García.[27]
On March 12, Mexico announced it had a total of 15 confirmed cases, with new cases in Puebla and Durango.[28] A day later, senator Samuel García Sepúlveda accused the federal government of hiding the true number of confirmed cases.[29]
On March 14, Fernando Petersen, the secretary of health of the state of Jalisco, confirmed the first two cases of COVID-19 were detected in Hospital Civil de Guadalajara.[30] Two new cases were confirmed in Nuevo León, and the Secretariat of Public Education (SEP) announced that all sporting and civic events in schools would be canceled.[31] The same day, the Secretariat of Education announced that Easter break, originally planned from April 6 to 17, would be extended from March 20 to April 20 as a preventive measure.[32]
On March 17, 11 new cases were confirmed, raising the national total to 93, with Campeche being the only state with no confirmed cases.[33] Mexico's limited response, including allowing a large concert and the women's soccer championship, as well as a lack of testing, have been criticized. Critics note that president López Obrador does not practice social distancing but continues to greet large crowds, and the borders have not been closed. Of particular concern is the health of thousands of migrants in temporary camps along the border with the United States. The former national commissioner for influenza in Mexico during the 2009 flu pandemic, Alejandro Macías, said the problem is compounded by the fact that Mexico lacks sufficient intensive care unit beds, medical care workers and ventilators.[34]
On March 18, 25 more cases were confirmed raising the total to 118 cases and 314 suspected cases.[35][36] Authorities in Jalisco are concerned about a group of 400 people who recently returned from Vail, Colorado; 40 people have symptoms of COVID-19.[37][38] The same day, the MexiOn March 17, 11 new cases were confirmed, raising the national total to 93, with Campeche being the only state with no confirmed cases.[33]
On March 22, bars, nightclubs, movie theaters, and museums were closed in Mexico City.[39] Governor Enrique Alfaro Ramírez of Jalisco announced that beginning Thursday, March 26, Jalisco and seven other states in the Bajío and western Mexico will block flights from areas such as California that have a high rate of coronavirus. He also said that they will purchase 25,000 testing kits.[40]
On March 30, the total number of cases of COVID-19 surpassed one thousand with 1,094 confirmed cases and 28 reported deaths in the country. In the evening, a national health emergency was declared by Secretary Marcelo Ebrard; all sectors in the country are urged to stop most of their activities.[41]
April–May 2020
On April 10, the total confirmed deaths surpassed two hundred with 233 deaths and 3,844 cases confirmed by Mexican authorities.[42] The government of Baja California closed a plant belonging to the multinational giant Smiths Group after the firm refused to sell ventilators to the Mexican government.[43] On the same day, Mexican consulates in the United States announced the deaths of 181 Mexican nationals due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
On April 13, the number of COVID-19 infections in the country passed 5,000; there were 332 deaths.[44] The Mexican Navy announced it would open ten voluntary self-isolation units to shelter 4,000 COVID-19 victims in Mexico City, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas and Veracruz.[45] Sonora became the first state in the country to declare a curfew.[46]
The number of coronavirus cases surges past 10,000 to 10,544 with 970 deaths on April 21.[47] The death toll surpassed the 1,000 figure on April 23.[48] Tijuana expects its hospitals to run out of space over the weekend.[49]
On May 1, Mexico surpassed 20,000 infections of COVID-19.[50] Mexicanos contra la corrupción (Mexicans against corruption) alleged that Léon Manuel Bartlett, son of Manuel Bartlett the head of the Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE), fraudulently tried to sell overpriced ventilators to the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) in Hidalgo.[51] On May 2, Mexico surpassed 2,000 deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[52] At least forty Mexican and Guatemalan farm workers in Canada contracted coronavirus, that according to the United Food and Commercial Workers.[53]
An article published on The New York Times on May 8 assured that both the federal government and the state government of Mexico City ignored the wave of coronavirus deaths in the capital city. The article criticized the way that President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has been handling the pandemic citing the lack of testing done and the fact that the government has been hiding the real number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. It was also mentioned that despite the fact that Undersecretary Hugo López-Gatell has been saying that "We [Mexico] have flattened the curve" and that only 5% of those infected will show symptoms, and only 5% of those patients with symptoms will go to the hospital, experts say that "their model is wrong" and that "there's a very good consensus on that".[54]
More than 100 health workers (doctors, nurses, orderlies, etc.) are among the 3,573 dead from the virus on May 12.[55]
Between May 9 and May 15, 13,000 new cases were confirmed. The totals were 42,595 cases, 10,057 active cases, and 4,477 deaths on May 15.[56]
On May 22, the number of new cases and deaths reported in 24-hours reached a record high of 2,973 and 420 respectively.[57]
June–July 2020
On June 2, the number of new cases of infection increased by 4.2% (3,891) compared to the day before. Women made up 57% of the 97,326 confirmed cases in the country at the time.[58]
51.2% of all infections (94,958 cases) occurred in the so-called “new normal” from May 18 to June 23 as the period after the country’s general quarantine was lifted and states began to resume their economic and social activities in stages. Deaths also grew by 56% (12,654 cases) in these 22 days of “new normal.”[59]
On July 1, Mexico became the seventh country with the most amount of COVID-19 deaths surpassing Spain. The same day, Mexico reported 231,770 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with this Mexico became the tenth country with the most infected people with the virus in the world.[60] On July 4, Mexico moved to sixth place in the number of deaths by COVID-19, surpassing France.[61]
On July 8, department stores reopened in Mexico City, but customers were limited to only one hour of shopping, they must wear a face mask, and may not use dressing rooms nor try products such as cosmetics or perfumes.[62]
On July 11, Mexico surpassed the United Kingdom and became the eighth country with the greatest number of confirmed cases in the world.[63] The same day, the ashes of 245 Mexicans that died of COVID-19 in the United States arrived in Mexico City and were given to their respective family.[64] On the same day’s daily press conference of Undersecretary Hugo López-Gatell, the Undersecretary said that the Secretariat of Health was putting on hold the presentation of next week’s "traffic light" due to the inconsistencies found on the data that certain states were reporting.[65] Yucatán and Quintana Roo, states that were pointed out by López-Gatell for their inconsistencies and delayed reporting, said that they were fully complying with what they were asked to report.[66] On July 12, Mexico became the country with the fourth greatest number of deaths in the world with 35,006, surpassing Italy.[67]
On July 13, 304,435 cases and 35,491 deaths were reported. Undersecretary Hugo López-Gatell, said that there has been a decrease in new cases in the Valley of Mexico as Guanajuato moves into second place with 2,530 active cases. Nuevo León reports an occupancy rate of 82% in hospitals.[68]
On July 22, the Assistant Director of the Pan American Health Organization, Jarbas Barbosa, announced that Mexico was the 38th country to send a letter of intent to buy a COVID-19 vaccine when one is available. Secretary Marcelo Ebrard said there was evidence that a vaccine might be available during 2020, and that the goal is an even distribution of 2 billion doses among the other 77 countries.[69] On July 23, President López Obrador confirmed that he had relatives infected by COVID-19 and even that some have died because of the virus.[70]
On July 30, Undersecretary Hugo López-Gatell threatened governors who deliberately change the traffic light status of their respective states with criminal sanctions. On that matter, Maricela Lecuona González, lawyer of the Secretariat of Health, said that:
When the government of a federal entity ceases to comply with the result of the weekly assessment and omits to call for measures relating to the respective level of risk by the federal health authority, and accordingly instructs its population to take measures related to a lower risk level, after the investigation of the competent authority that so resolves, it is clear that the public servants who take such determination may be civil, administrative and/or criminally liable for that decision.
Several governors rejected the propsal.[71] The French pharmacutical company Sanofi-Pasteur announced it will soon begin testing a COVID-19 vaccine in Mexico.[72]
On July 31, Mexico moved into third place in the number of fatalities, behind the United States and Brazil, with 46,688 deaths.[73] Mexico occupied sixth place globally in the total number of confirmed cases, with 424,637.[74]
August–September 2020
On August 3, Patricia Ruiz Anchondo, the Mexico City Social Prosecutor, announced that over 3,000 complaints had been filed regarding parties in apartment buildings that violated the official COVID-19 sanitary guidelines. Most of them were in the boroughs of Benito Juárez, Cuauhtémoc, and Iztapalapa.[75]
On August 4, the Secretariat of Health reported that 4,732 people who spoke an indigenous language have been infected with COVID-19 and, of those infected, 798 have died.[76]
Mexico passed the mark of 50,000 deaths on August 6.[77] The United States Department of State classifies travel to Mexico as "high risk."[78]
On August 13, the Carlos Slim Foundation announced they were going to finance the effort of Mexico, Argentina, the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca to produce and distribute the production and distribution of the vaccine against COVID-19 that’s being developed by the last two. The distribution of the vaccine will begin during the first semester of 2021 and it will be available throught Latin America, with the exception of Brazil.[79] The number of confirmed cases passes 500,000.[80]
On August 14, Chad Wolff, Acting Director of Internal Security of the United States, announced that Mexico and the U.S. would continue the partial border closing until September 21. A similar agreement is in place for Canada.[81]
Statistics
SALUD reported Mexico totals
| State | Cumulative cases | Active cases | Deaths | Recoveries | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 485,836 | 28,048 | 53,003 | 327,993 | ||
 |
80,898 | 3,790 | 9,472 | 59,545 | |
 |
57,744 | 1,564 | 6,967 | 32,663 | |
 |
24,561 | 2,279 | 1,252 | 17,939 | |
 |
24,555 | 1,289 | 2,219 | 18,938 | |
 |
24,039 | 1,241 | 3,060 | 14,204 | |
 |
22,673 | 1,106 | 2,837 | 14,632 | |
 |
21,978 | 1,847 | 1,499 | 15,580 | |
 |
19,123 | 440 | 2,316 | 13,549 | |
 |
18,085 | 276 | 1,341 | 14,564 | |
 |
15,764 | 1,596 | 916 | 12,094 | |
 |
15,402 | 1,327 | 1,830 | 9,433 | |
 |
14,583 | 332 | 2,794 | 8,705 | |
 |
13,817 | 327 | 2,421 | 8,384 | |
 |
12,647 | 1,190 | 694 | 9,698 | |
 |
12,473 | 854 | 1,459 | 8,592 | |
 |
11,759 | 595 | 1,043 | 8,471 | |
 |
11,692 | 1,243 | 1,048 | 7,784 | |
 |
11,397 | 719 | 867 | 8,519 | |
 |
8,762 | 756 | 1,120 | 5,437 | |
 |
7,945 | 756 | 1,218 | 4,369 | |
 |
6,099 | 96 | 968 | 3,696 | |
 |
5,972 | 155 | 953 | 3,519 | |
 |
5,639 | 964 | 215 | 4,021 | |
 |
5,160 | 240 | 761 | 3,097 | |
 |
4,997 | 194 | 616 | 3,224 | |
 |
4,850 | 544 | 341 | 3,510 | |
 |
4,523 | 278 | 291 | 3,248 | |
 |
4,432 | 231 | 874 | 2,109 | |
 |
4,361 | 397 | 552 | 2,557 | |
 |
3,998 | 418 | 448 | 2,505 | |
 |
3,515 | 596 | 332 | 2,086 | |
 |
2,393 | 408 | 279 | 1,321 | |
| Source:
Secretaría de Salud (2020).[82] | |||||
Statistics per 100,000 inhabitants
| State | Cumulative cases[lower-alpha 1] | Active cases[lower-alpha 1] | Deaths[lower-alpha 2] | Population[lower-alpha 3] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 406.5 | 23.5 | 44.3 | 119,530,753 | ||
|
1,025.1 | 53.8 | 92.6 | 2,395,272 | |
|
907.1 | 42.5 | 106.2 | 8,918,653 | |
|
792.0 | 135.4 | 30.2 | 712,029 | |
|
670.9 | 15.4 | 81.3 | 2,850,330 | |
|
583.5 | 50.3 | 74.6 | 1,501,562 | |
|
557.5 | 59.3 | 50.0 | 2,097,175 | |
|
555.3 | 21.6 | 68.4 | 899,931 | |
|
533.5 | 54.0 | 31.0 | 2,954,915 | |
|
525.5 | 8.0 | 39.0 | 3,441,698 | |
|
465.8 | 11.0 | 81.6 | 2,966,321 | |
|
465.3 | 43.8 | 25.5 | 2,717,820 | |
|
439.8 | 10.0 | 84.3 | 3,315,766 | |
|
429.3 | 36.1 | 29.3 | 5,119,504 | |
|
419.6 | 38.9 | 21.4 | 5,853,677 | |
|
405.4 | 18.9 | 59.8 | 1,272,847 | |
|
367.5 | 17.9 | 46.0 | 6,168,883 | |
|
356.7 | 9.7 | 43.0 | 16,187,608 | |
|
353.0 | 24.2 | 41.3 | 3,533,251 | |
|
344.6 | 21.2 | 22.2 | 1,312,544 | |
|
338.5 | 35.4 | 37.9 | 1,181,050 | |
|
336.5 | 57.4 | 39.2 | 711,235 | |
|
296.4 | 15.0 | 26.3 | 3,967,889 | |
|
296.3 | 15.3 | 37.7 | 8,112,505 | |
|
278.0 | 26.4 | 42.6 | 2,858,359 | |
|
276.4 | 31.0 | 19.4 | 1,754,754 | |
|
248.6 | 15.7 | 18.9 | 4,584,471 | |
|
232.8 | 12.1 | 45.9 | 1,903,811 | |
|
222.6 | 37.7 | 21.0 | 1,579,209 | |
|
213.9 | 19.5 | 27.1 | 2,038,372 | |
|
196.3 | 16.9 | 23.3 | 7,844,830 | |
|
171.5 | 2.7 | 27.2 | 3,556,574 | |
|
114.5 | 3.0 | 18.3 | 5,217,908 | |
| Source:
Secretariat of Health (2020).[82] | |||||
Curves of infection and deaths
On April 20, the Secretariat of Health started to report active cases at the daily press conference.[85]
New cases and deaths per day
Graphs based on daily reports from the Mexican Secretariat of Health on confirmed cases of COVID-19.[14]
Chart of deaths by date of death
On June 3 Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez at daily press conference on COVID-19 explained daily announced deaths were tested positive for COVID-19 on that day but it does not imply all deaths occurred on this same day. There is a lag, for several causes, between the date of occurrence of the death and the day of positive COVID-19 test result is received.[86]
Chart of hospitalized cases
Number and categorization of hospitalized cases presented by the Secretariat of Health at the daily press conference.[87] After April 20 the Secretariat of Health stopped reporting this type of classification of hospitalized cases. This chart is left here for historical purposes.
Charts of COVID-19 progression by top states
Cases
Deaths
Hospital bed occupancy rates by state
General hospital beds
Occupancy rate of general hospital beds as presented by the Secretariat of Health at the daily press conference.[88]
Beds with ventilators
Occupancy rate of beds with ventilators as presented by the Secretariat of Health at the daily press conference.[88]
Maps
Number of cumulative confirmed cases by state (as of August 10, 2020)- Number of active confirmed cases by state (as of August 10, 2020)
- Number of confirmed deaths by state (as of August 10, 2020)
Cumulative cases per 100,000 inhabitants by state (as of August 10, 2020)- Active cases per 100,000 inhabitants by state (as of August 10, 2020)
- Number of confirmed recoveries by state (as of August 10, 2020)
- Percentage of increase or decrease of new cases by state by week (as of August 11, 2020)
Phases of contingency
According to the Secretariat of Health, there are three phases before the disease (COVID-19) can be considered as an epidemic in the country:[89]
| Phase | Time period | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | |||
| 1° | Viral Import | February 28, 2020 | March 23, 2020[90] |
|
| 2° | Community Transmission | March 24, 2020[90] | April 20, 2020 |
|
| 3° | Epidemic | April 21, 2020[91] | TBA |
|
Recovery phases
On May 13, 2020, the Secretary of Economy Graciela Márquez Colín announced the "Plan for the return to the new normality" (Plan para el regreso a la nueva normalidad in Spanish). The purpose of the plan is to progressively resume productive, social and educational activities that were halted during the phases of contingency in order to reopen the economy:[92]
| Phase | Time period | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | |||
| 1° | Phase 1 | May 18, 2020 | — |
|
| 2° | Phase 2 | May 18, 2020 | May 31, 2020 |
|
| 3° | Phase 3 | June 1, 2020 | — |
|
| Sources:[93] | ||||
Traffic light color system
The "traffic light" color system will be implemented for the gradual reopening of the country starting June 1, 2020. It will consist of four colors (green, yellow, orange, and red) that represent the severity of the pandemic in each state. The "traffic light" will be updated weekly and each color will indicate which activities are safe to resume.[92]
| Color | Health alert | .svg.png) The "traffic light" status of each state as of August 3, 2020. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green | Low |
| ||
| Yellow | Medium |
| ||
| Orange | High |
| ||
| Red | Maximum |
| ||
| Sources:[94] | ||||
| State | Week | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0[lower-alpha 4] | 1[lower-alpha 5] | 2[lower-alpha 6] | 3[lower-alpha 7] | 4[lower-alpha 8] | 5[lower-alpha 9] | 6[lower-alpha 10] | 7[lower-alpha 11] | 8[lower-alpha 12] | 9[lower-alpha 13] | |
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Effects
Finance
The INEGI says the unemployment rate increased from 3.6% in January 2020 to 3.7% in February 2020. The informal sector increased to 56.3% in February compared to 56.0% in February 2019.[95]
The Mexican Stock Exchange fell to a record low on March 10 due to fears of the coronavirus and because of falling oil prices. The Bank of Mexico (Banxico) stepped in to prop up the value of the peso, which fell 14% to 22.929 per US dollar.[26] World markets are seeing falls similar to those of 1987.[96] Moody's Investors Service predicted that the economy will contract 5.2% during the first trimester of the year and 3.7% by the end of the year.[97] Banxico announced on April 1 that foreign investors have withdrawn MXN $150 billion (US $6.3 billion) from Mexico, mostly in Certificados de la Tesorería (Treasury Certificates, Cetes) since February 27 when the first COVID-19 case in Mexico was diagnosed. The problem is compounded by the low oil price, only US $10.37 per barrel, a 20.29% drop since the beginning of the 2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war.[98]
Some financial analysts say there has been too little, too late. Carlos Serrano of BBVA México predicts a 4.5% economic contraction in 2020, while analysts at Capital Economics in London argue that the government has to do more to support the economy. They forecast a 6% contraction this year. HR Ratings, Latin America's first credit rating agency, said that the performance of the economy this year will depend on the government's response to the COVID-19 crisis.[99] Inflation slowed to 2.08% during the first half of April, the lowest figure in four years.[100]
In May, BBVA predicted that 58.4% of the Mexican population would live below the poverty line by the end of 2020, an increase of 12 million people. Extreme poverty is expected to grow by 12.3 million people, 26.6% of the population. The bank predicts GDP will fall by 12%.[101] Citibanamex predicts a 7.6% decline in GDP.[102]
Industries
The Consejo Nacional Empresarial Turístico (National Tourism Business Council, CNET) sent two letters in March to Alfonso Romo, Chief of Staff to the President, outlining the importance of tourism to the economy and asking for government support for the sector. Tourism provides 4 million jobs in Mexico, and 93% of the companies have ten or fewer employees. COVID-19 has forced the closure of 4,000 hotels (52,400 rooms) and 2,000 restaurants, while the airline industry has lost MXN $30 billion (US $1.3 billion).[103] Tourism accounts for 10% of Gross domestic product (GDP) in the world.[104]
The association of car dealers, ADMA, predicts a decrease in sales in Mexico between 16% and 25% this year.[105] J.D. Power estimated a 20% decrease, 264,000 vehicles, in Mexico and a 15% drop across the world.[106] The Employers Confederation of the Mexican Republic (COPARMEX) criticized the government on March 29 for not suspending the payment of taxes, saying the government does not care about unemployment. Fernando Treviño Núñez, president of the organization, explained that businesses cannot afford to pay salaries for more than three months without receiving income.[107] Gasoline and diesel fuel importers have not noted a decrease in demand since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and they fear that health precautions could cause fuel delays at ports of entry. Watco Companies said that cargo on the Houston Ship Channel for delivery to San Luis Potosí increased 25% in March compared to January. Mexico imports 65% of its gasoline.[108]
On March 24, Grupo Modelo, makers of Corona beer, promised to donate 300,000 bottles of antibacterial gel to the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS).[109] The Canacintra (National Chamber of the Processing Industry) announced on April 2 they were suspending all beer production in the country, as breweries are not an essential industry and there was sufficient supply in the country for a month.[110] Tequila producers plan to stay open.[111]
As of April 22, Grupo Salinas with its 70,000 employees, continues to operate as if the pandemic were nonexistent. Even after the rest of the country entered Phase 3 in late April, its stores remain open, social distancing is not enforced, and employees do not use face masks.[112] The United States pressed Mexico in late April to reopen factories that are key to the U.S. supply chain, including those with military contracts, as employees staged walkouts and expressed fear of contracting COVID-19. Lear Corporation acknowledges there have been coronavirus-related deaths among its 24,000 employees in Ciudad Juárez, but won't say how many.[113]
General Motors (GM) announced that by late April 2020 its Toluca plant would start producing 1.5 million surgical face masks per month for use in hospitals in the states of Mexico, San Luis Potosí, Coahuila, Guanajuato, and Mexico City.[114]
A team of medical experts and veterinarians led by Pedro Guillermo Mar Hernadez of Hermosillo Technological Center (CTH) and Pedro Ortega Romero of Sonora State University (UES) developed a ventilator that can be used by six COVID-19 patients at a time.[115]
Gasoline sales fell 70% between April 10 and 18, threatening the financial future of gas stations. Meanwhile, the port of Veracruz is saturated and tankers are stranded off the coast due to low prices.[116]Airbnb offers free accommodations for health care workers.[117]
The ′′Unión de Retailers de México ("Union of Retailers of Mexico, URM") said that between 1,500 and 2,500 businesses in shopping centers, between 9.3% and 18% of the 14,000 stores in Mexico City, were forced to close in April 2020 because they could not pay their rent.[118]
On May 27, film director Alfonso Cuarón plead employers to continue to pay the wages of more than 2.3 million housekeepers that have been left without wages because of the outbreak stating that "It is our responsibility as employers to pay their wages in this time of uncertainty".[119]
IMSS reported that Mexico lost 1,113,677 formal jobs from March to June: 130,593 during March, 555,247 in April, 304,526 in May, and 83,311 in June. Considering that new jobs were created in January and February 2020, the balance was a loss of 921,583 jobs for the first six months of the year.[120]
Panic buying
Panic buying in mid-March is causing shortages in Mexico of Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, which U.S. President Donald Trump, with no backing from the scientific or medical communities, says is helpful in preventing COVID-19. The Comisión Federal para la Protección de Riesgos Sanitarios (Federal Commission for the Protection of Health Risks, Cofepris) has put controls on the sale of both products. Hidroxicloroquina is used in the treatment of malaria, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Plaquenil tablets are produced in Mexico by the French company Sanofi; the raw material comes from Hungary. Shortages of medicine for these diseases can be expected soon.[121]
In mid-March, retailers in the border city of Tijuana experienced shortages of water and toilet paper as Americans from southern California began crossing the border to panic-buy these items. Purchase limits were placed on several item categories following the first wave of panic-buying by foreigners.[122]
Crime
Authorities are concerned about supermarket robberies. A gang of 70 people robbed a grocery store in Tecámac, State of Mexico, on March 23, and a gang of 30 looted a supermarket in the city of Oaxaca on March 24. Calls for supermarket looting, warning of food shortages, are making the rounds of social media.[123] Four such social media groups in Tijuana were broken up in Baja California on March 29.[124] The number of murders has not decreased due to the coronavirus pandemic, and drug cartels are fighting each other in Guerrero and Michoacan.[125]
On April 14, José Luis Calderón, vice president of the Mexican Association of Private Security Companies (AMESP), commenting on the increase of crime, told El Informador,[126]
Taking advantage of the COVID-19 crisis, there have been opportunistic people who have sought to loot and have tried to carry out robberies... We know that cell phones, household appliances, liquor, cigarettes and merchandise that are not essential items have been stolen.
Travel restrictions are making it more difficult for Mexican drug cartels to operate, because chemicals from China, which are the raw materials for synthesizing illegal drugs, cannot be imported. As a result, the price of illegal methamphetamine has increased from 2,500 pesos (€95/$102) to 15,000 pesos per pound. Cartels are also struggling to smuggle drugs across the border to the United States, where many customers live, because border crossings have been shut down. The reduction in international air travel has made it easier for authorities to track planes used for transporting illegal drugs.[125]
In May, three different families, relatives of victims of COVID-19, were attacked in Cuajimalpa, Mexico City.[127]
Timeline of the government response
January to March
- January 9, 2020 – A travel advisory for people traveling to or from China was issued.[15]
- January 22 – The Secretariat of Health issued a statement saying that the novel coronavirus COVID-19 did not present a danger to Mexico.[15]
- January 30 – The Government of Mexico designed a Preparation and Response Plan that was made by the National Committee for Health Safety, a working group led by Secretariat of Health composed by different health entities aiming to act upon the imminent arrival of the pandemic. This group carried out a series of alert measures, rehabilitation and updating of epidemiological regulations based on the International Health Regulations.[16]
- March 5 – The National Governors' Conference (Conago) met to discuss the coronavirus outbreak. The directors of INSABI, IMSS and ISSSTE also participated.[128]
- March 6 – Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez led the first daily press conference on COVID-19.[129]
- March 10 – As the stock market and the price of oil fell, "Banxico" stepped in to prop up the value of the peso, which had fallen 14%.[26]
- March 13 – The National Autonomous University of Mexico suspended in-person classes. Authorities canceled or postponed major tourist events in Guadalajara and Merida.[130]
- March 14
- The SEP announced that all sporting and civic events in schools would be canceled[31] and that Easter break, originally planned from April 6 to 17, would be extended from March 20 to April 20.[32] On March 31 the school closings were extended through April 30.[131]
- The SCHP announced it was taking measures to prevent a 0.5% fall in GDP.[132]
- The "Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León" (UANL) suspended classes for its more than 206,000 students starting on March 17.[133]
- March 15 – Mexico City mayor Claudia Sheinbaum declared that Mexico City expected to spend an extra MXN $100 million to prevent the spread of COVID-19.[134]
- March 18 – Authorities announced that they were looking for hundreds of citizens who might be carriers of the coronavirus, especially in the states of Puebla, Jalisco, Aguascalientes and Guerrero. The Autonomous University of Guerrero (UAGRO) in Chilpancingo closed after a female student tested positive for the virus.[135]
- March 22
- Bars, nightclubs, movie theaters and museums were closed in Mexico City.[39]
- Governor Alfaro Ramírez announces that Jalisco and seven other states would block flights from areas such as that had a high rate of coronavirus. He also said that they would purchase 25,000 testing kits.[40]
- Governor Jaime Rodríguez Calderón of Nuevo León said he will not rule out the use of force to get people to stay at home.[136]
- March 23
- The WHO announced that Mexico had entered into the community contact phase of infection.[137]
- The National Campaign of Healthy Distancing, a national program of non-pharmaceutical measures based on social distancing, began.[138] A media campaign led by "Susana Distancia", who is a fictional female superhero aiming to promote social distancing, was launched.[139] "Susana Distancia" is a wordplay on 'su sana distancia', meaning "his/her healthy distance".[140]
- Access to supermarkets, drugstores and convenience stores in Coahuila was limited to one person per family, and the temperature of that person was taken before entering.[141]
- March 24 – President López Obrador announced that Mexico had entered Phase 2 of the coronavirus pandemic, in effect until April 30. Gatherings of more than 100 people were prohibited, and both the Mexican Army and the Mexican Navy would participate.[142]
- March 25
- President López Obrador ordered the Mexican Air Force to rescue Mexicans trapped in Argentina.[143]
- Office of the Federal Prosecutor for the Consumer (Profeco) closed two businesses in Tijuana, Baja California, for price-gouging.[144]
- In Mexico City, Claudia Sheinbaum announced financial support for families and micro industries affected by the pandemic, and she suspended automobile smog checks through April 19. She closed movie theaters, bars, nightclubs, gyms and other entertainment centers.[145]
- The government announced that it would continue receiving cruise ships "for humanitarian reasons", but that passengers would be individually "fumigated" before being taken directly to airports to be returned to their home countries. The protocol will apply to the MS Europa, currently docked in Puerto Vallarta.[146]
- March 26
- President López Obrador addressed the Group of Twenty regarding medical supplies and trade and tariffs.[147] The federal government announced it would suspend most sectors' activities from March 26 to April 19.[148]
- The Secretary of Health estimated that Phase 3 of the pandemic, when the number of cases reaches its peak, will be about April 19.[149]
- Authorities in Chihuahua announced that it would start to quarantine migrants who were returned to the Ciudad Juárez border crossing.[150]
- The Comisión Federal para la Protección de Riesgos Sanitarios (Federal Commission for the Protection of Health Risks, Cofepris) put controls on the sale of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, used in the treatment of malaria, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, but not shown to be effective against COVID-19. Nonetheless, panic buying of these medicines is likely to soon lead to a shortage.[121]
- March 27
- President López Obrador practiced social distancing during his tour in Nayarit. The president had been widely criticized for shaking hands, kissing and hugging as he met with people.[151]
- The federal government bought 5,000 ventilators from China.[152]
- Profeco (Office of the Federal Prosecutor for the Consumer) announced it would fine merchants who unfairly raised the prices on household goods.[153]
- Víctor Villalobos Arámbula, Secretary of Agriculture and Rural Development (SADER) met with food producers to discuss guaranteeing the food supply in spite of the pandemic.[154]
- March 28
- Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez, Deputy Secretary of Health, said that with 16 deaths and 848 cases of infection, this is the last opportunity to prevent accelerated growth of COVID-19. He called on the population to act responsibly to prevent its spread.[155] Milenio reported that López-Gatell said there is a legal basis for the use of force to enforce stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic.[156]
- Health officials, accompanied by a representative of the military and Foreign Secretary Marcelo Ebrard made a video urging the populace to stay home. President López Obrador did not appear in that video, but he made a separate one with the same message.[157]
- March 30 – A national health emergency was declared in Mexico and stricter measures aimed at containing the spread of the virus were introduced.[41]
April and May
- April 1
- Beaches throughout the country are closed.[158]
- INEGI asked everyone who has not taken part of the 2020 census to contact them via their webpage or by calling them before April 15.[159]
- The Governor of Nuevo León ordered a halt to production and distribution of beer in the state, beginning April 3.[160]
- April 3
- President López Obrador issued a decree to abolish 100 public trusts related to science and culture; the Finance Ministry (SHCP) will receive the money directly.[161] The move is expected to save MXN $250 billion (US $10 billion), which can be spent to strengthen the economy, pay for social programs and pay off the debt.[162]
- Claudia Sheinbaum promised to donate two months of her salary (a total of MXN $156,728) to the struggle against COVID-19 and invited other officials to do so also.[163]
- April 5
- President López Obrador presented his plan to reactivate the economy without increasing fuel prices or taxes. He said he would increase oil production and that he had support from the private sector.[164]
- A health official in Oaxaca was fired after spitting on doctors, nurses, and patients at the Hospital Regional del ISSSTE "Presidente Juárez" because the service was slow.[165]
- April 7 – Governor Diego Sinhué Rodríguez Vallejo of Guanajuato announced he would donate his salary (MXN $153,000) during the contingency.[166]
- April 8 – Cuauhtémoc Blanco Bravo of Morelos announced that he would donate his salary to support families who do not have incomes during the crisis.[167] Thirty confirmed cases and five deaths have been reported in the state.[168]
- April 10 – José Ignacio Precaido Santos of the General Health Council announced that at least 146 private hospitals will make beds available to treat COVID-19 patients on a non-profit basis.[169]
- April 11 – The Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) announced it would not forgive payments because of the pandemic. They reiterated their commitment to invest MXN $8 billion during the presidency of Lopez Obrador and emphasised the need to pay their 90,000 employees.[170]
- April 12 – The government established the "National Contingency Center" (Spanish: Centro de Contingencias Nacional, CNC) to fight COVID-19. It will be led by the military and will have scientists and health technicians advising about steps to combat the pandemic.[171]
- April 13 – The Mexican Navy announced it would open ten voluntary self-isolation units to shelter 4,000 COVID-19 victims in Mexico City, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas and Veracruz.[45]
- April 16
- The government announced on April 16 that it will restrict transportation between areas of the country that are infected with COVID-19 (mostly large cities) and areas that are not infected, without specifying what areas are included or how it will be enforced.[172]
- President López Obrador also said that based upon current projections, the 979 municipalities that have not had reported cases of coronavirus will be able to reopen schools and workplaces on May 17; the date is June 1 for the 463 municipalities that have. The elderly and other vulnerable groups will still be requested to stay home, and physical distancing should remain in place until May 30. It is expected that the pandemic will end in the metropolitan area on June 25.[173]
- April 17 – AMLO pledges MXN $60 billion (US $2.5 billion) to help small businesses in May.[174]
- April 18 – The Health Ministry says that unclaimed bodies of the deceased related to COVID-19 should not be cremated or buried in common graves, but should be photographed, fingerprinted and buried in marked graves. In cases of suspected or confirmed cases of coronavirus, the bodies cannot be exhumed for at least 180 days after the date of death.[175]
- April 21
- The government announced that Mexico had entered Phase 3 of its contingency plan.[91]
- The Secretariat of the Civil Service (SFP) announced that the deadline for public servants to declare their assets was extended from May 1 to July 31.[176]
- May 4 – Plan DN III of Sedena and Plan Marina of SEMAR begin.[177]
- May 13
- Graciela Márquez Colín, the Director of Economic Affairs, spells out a three-phased plan to reopen the economy beginning on May 18. During the first phase, 269 municipalities without infections in 15 states will be allowed to lift their stay-at-home orders.[178]
- The Secretariat of Public Education (SEP) plans to reopen schools on June 1, but the governors of Puebla, Jalisco, Michoacán, Guerrero, and Baja California Sur say they will not be ready.[179] Esteban Moctezuma of the SEP promised that no school would open without a "green-light" about safety.[180]
- May 20 – Mexico City mayor presented the "Gradual Plan towards the New Normality in Mexico City" after the health emergency and estimated that the city will be at a red light at least until June 15, although the situation may change to orange at that time.[181]
- May 29
June and July
- June 5
- As the school year ends, the SEP announces that grades and certification will be available online. The summer program will begin on June 8 and enrollment for the 2020-2021 school year will be August 6 and 7 and the new school year will begin on August 10.[184]
- The Secretariat of Culture publishes guidelines for the reopening of cultural spaces, such as archaeological zones, museums, and theaters.[185]
- June 10 – Mayor Claudia Sheinbaum said that Mexico City will begin wide testing for the COVID-19 virus with plans to reach 100,000 tests in July. Testing will be paired with an intensive information campaign and an attempt at contact tracing.[186]
- June 11 – Governor Francisco Domínguez Servién of Queretaro announces that the state will reopen non-essential services on June 17.[187]
- June 12 – The State Health Committee in Baja California Sur announced that non-essential businesses will reopen on June 14.[188]
- June 25 – The governor of Jalisco announces partial reopening of theaters, parks, and athletic facilities beginning June 29.[189]
- July 9 – Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) said it will reopen its 1,411 day care centers (Spanish: guarderías) on July 20 in order to train employees about health safety procedures. No children will return until later. Of the interviewed parents, about 48% of them said that their children were going to return to day care when the "traffic light" is green and 12% said they wanted their cildren to return in August.[190]
- July 11
- Undersecretary Hugo López-Gatell said that the Secretariat of Health was putting on hold the presentation of next week’s "traffic light" due to the inconsistencies found on the data that certain states were reporting.[65] Yucatán and Quintana Roo, states that were pointed out by López-Gatell for their inconsistencies and delayed reporting, said that they were fully complying with what they were asked to report.[66]
- Tlaltetela, Veracruz, announced a curfew from 10:00 pm to 6:00 am.[191]
- July 12
- The government of Mexico City revealed the list of 34 neighborhoods with the most infections, 20% of the total. San José Zacatepec, Xochimilco, has an index of 1,084.4/100,000 inhabitants; followed by San Salvador Cuauhtenco, Milpa Alta, (767.4/100,000); and Colonia Aldana, Azcapotzalco, (388.6/100,000). Updates will be provided every Sunday.[192]
- The municipalities of Felipe Carrillo Puerto, José María Morelos, Bacalar, and Othón P. Blanco in Quintana Roo announced that they will be returning to red status on the "traffic light" until July 19.[193]
- July 13
- July 15 – Claudia Sheinbaum announces a plan to combat the virus in 34 neighborhoods that have returned to a red status on the "traffic light". The plans include sanitizing public spaces, the set up of temporary health centers, and provide food and economic support. The 34 neighborhoods are spread over 12 of the 16 boroughs and include three in Álvaro Obregón, one in Azcapotzalco, four in Coyoacán, two in Cuauhtémoc, one in Iztapalapa, six in Magdalena Contreras, two in Miguel Hidalgo, three in Milpa Alta, two in Tláhuac, four in Tlalpan, one in Venustiano Carranza, and six in Xochimilco.[196]
- July 23 – The CDMX issued a new schedule for access to the Historical Center that included closing of streets to vehicular traffic.[197]
- July 30 – President López Obrador announced that non-essential federal employees will return to work on October 1, 2020 and assured that measures will be implemented to guarantee the public health.[198]
August and September
- August 3 – The SEP announces that classes will resume on August 24, mostly online. Indigenous families will have access through radio or television.[199]
- August 10 - According to a report in the New York Times, Mexicans are avoiding hospitals for fear of Covid 19.[200]
- August 13 – President López Obrador decrees a thirty day period of mourning for victims of the pandemic, from August 13 to September 11. This is in addition to the minute of silence offered during the President's daily press conferences.[201]
- August 14 – The SEP releases its 2020-2021 calendar with 190 days of classes.[202]
Cancellations, suspensions, and closings
- Archaeological sites
Teotihuacán, Xochicalco, El Tepozteco closed March 21–22. Chichén Itzá closed indefinitely starting March 21.[203]
- Educational institutions
- Basic educationThe SEP announced on March 14 that all sporting and civic events in schools would be cancelled[31] and that Easter break would be from March 20 to April 20.[32]
- Higher education: The UNAM and Tec de Monterrey, switched to virtual classes on March 13.[130] Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, (UAEM) suspended classes on March 16.[204] Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, (UANL) suspended classes from March 17 to April 20.[133] Autonomous University of Guerrero (UAGRO) and Technical Institute of Guerrero (Chilpancingo) closed March 18.[135]
- Entertainment
OCESA cancelled all its events until April 19.[205]
- Fairs: Authorities announced on March 14 they were considering the cancellation of the Festival Internacional de Cine de Guadalajara. In Mérida, the Tianguis Turístico was postponed to September.[130]
- Musical: Chicago suspended until April 17[205]
- Concerts: The Magic Numbers, Los Tigres del Norte, Red Orange County [sic], Mercury Rev, María León, Sasha Sloan[205] and Ricky Martin[206]
- Conference: Michelle Obama[205]
- Other: Bars, nightclubs, movie theaters, and museums were closed in Mexico City on March 22.[39]
- Government
President López Obrador suspended non-essential activities from March 26 to April 19. The health and energy sectors, the oil industry, and public services such as water supply, waste management and public safety continued to function.[148]
- Industry
Ford Motor Company, Honda and Audi closed their manufacturing plants in Mexico on March 18.[207] Hundreds of hotel employees in Cancún were fired.[208] Alsea (Starbucks, VIPS, Domino's Pizza, Burger King, Italianni's, Chili's, California Pizza Kitchen, P. F. Chang's China Bistro and The Cheesecake Factory) offered its employees unpaid leave.[209] PROFECO closed two businesses in Tijuana Baja California, for price-gouging on March 25.[144] Cinépolis and Cinemex announced that they will temporarily close all of their theaters starting March 25.[210][211]
- Ports of entry
- Air: Governor Alfaro Ramírez of Jalisco announced that beginning Thursday, March 26, eight states in the Bajío and western Mexico would block flights from areas that had a high rate of coronavirus. The restrictions would apply at the Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Guadalajara International Airport and the Licenciado Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport in Puerto Vallarta.[40]
- Land: The United States Department of State announced on March 20 there would be restrictions on travel across the Mexico–United States border. The restrictions would not apply to cargo.[212] On March 26, protesters in Sonora insisted that the government limit border crossings with the United States.[213] The state of Chihuahua announced that it would start to quarantine migrants who are returned to the Ciudad Juárez border crossing.[150] Citizens of Nogales, Sonora, blocked border crossing from Nogales, Arizona, in order to prevent the entrance of individuals with the virus infection and to prevent shortages of food, bottled water, toilet paper and cleaning supplies in local stores.[214]
- Sea: The government announced on March 25 it would continue receiving cruise ships but that passengers would be individually "fumigated" before being taken directly to airports to be returned to their home countries.[146]
- Sports
Jalisco Open (tennis tournament) and CONCACAF Champions League (soccer) cancelled March 13.[130]
- Religious events
On March 17, the Passion Play of Iztapalapa in Mexico City moved to an undisclosed location indoors and televised on April 10.[215]
San Luis Potosí suspended wakes and funerals on March 29.[216]
- Curfew established
Mayor Juanita Romero (PAN) of Nacozari de García, Sonora, declared a curfew in effect until April 20.[217]
- Greater Mexico City transportation
- Mexico City Metro:[218]
- Line 1: Juanacatlán.
- Line 2: Allende, Panteones, Popotla.
- Line 4: Talismán, Bondojito, Canal del Norte, Fray Servando.
- Line 5: Aragón, Eduardo Molina, Hangares, Misterios, Valle Gómez.
- Line 6: Norte 45, Tezozómoc.
- Line 7: Constituyentes, Refinería, San Antonio.
- Line 8: Aculco, Cerro de la Estrella, La Viga, Obrera.
- Line 9: Ciudad Deportiva, Lázaro Cárdenas, Mixiuhca, Velódromo.
- Line 12: Eje Central, San Andrés Tomatlán, Tlaltenco.
- Line A: Agrícola Oriental, Canal de San Juan, Peñón Viejo.
- Line B: Olímpica, Deportivo Oceanía, Romero Rubio, Tepito.
- Mexico City Metrobús:[218]
- Line 1: San Simón, Buenavista II, El Chopo, Campeche, Nápoles, Ciudad de los Deportes, Francia, Olivo, Ciudad Universitaria, Centro Cultural Universitario
- Line 2: Nicolás Bravo, Del Moral, CCH Oriente, Río Tecolutla, Álamos, Dr. Vértiz, Escandón, Antonio Maceo
- Line 3: Poniente 146, Poniente 134, Héroe de Nacozari, La Raza, Ricardo Flores Magón, Buenavista III, Obrero Mundial
- Line 5: Preparatoria 3, Río Guadalupe, Victoria, Río Santa Coleta, Archivo General de la Nación
- Line 6: Ampliación Providencia, 482, 416 Oriente, Francisco Morazán
- Line 7: Hospital Infantil La Villa, Necaxa, Clave, Glorieta Violeta, París, La Diana, Antropología
- Xochimilco Light Rail:[218] Las Torres, Xotepingo, Tepepan, Francisco Goitia
- Hoy No Circula: Obligatory for all vehicles.[219]
Mexico Post suspended international mail service outside the United States and Canada due to cancellation of international passenger airline flights.[220]
Misinformation and criticism
Mexico's federal government was perceived as slow to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic as of late March 2020, and it was met with criticism from certain sectors of society and the media.[221] Through April 1, the government only performed 10,000 tests, compared to 200,000 that had been completed in New York state. Therefore, official statistics are likely to greatly underestimate the actual number of cases.[222] The New York Times reported on May 8 that the federal government is underreporting deaths in Mexico City; the federal government reports 700 deaths in the city while local officials have detected over 2,500.[54]
President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has continued to hold rallies, be tactile with crowds, and downplay the threat of coronavirus to health and the economy.[221][223]
Miguel Barbosa Huerta, the governor of Puebla, claimed that only the wealthy were at risk of COVID-19, since the poor are immune. There is no evidence that wealth affects a person's vulnerability to the virus.[224][225]
Rumors about a curfew sparked the barricading of streets in San Felipe del Progreso, State of Mexico, on May 8.[226] A rumor spread via WhatsApp that authorities were spreading gas contaminated with COVID-19 provoked vandalism of police cars in San Mateo Capulhuac, Otzolotepec, on May 9.[227]
See also
- COVID-19 pandemic in North America
- COVID-19 pandemic by country
- 2020 in Mexico
- 2020s
- Fourth Transformation
- History of smallpox in Mexico
- Cocoliztli epidemics
- 1918 Spanish flu pandemic
- 2009 flu pandemic in Mexico
- HIV/AIDS in Latin America
- Dengue fever outbreaks
- 2014 chikungunya outbreak in Mexico
- 2015–2016 Zika virus epidemic
Notes
- Calculated by dividing the number of cases by the total population of the state and multiplying the result by 100,000.
- Calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total population of the state and multiplying the result by 100,000.
- In 2015.
- May 13-31
- June 1-7
- June 8-14
- June 15-21
- June 22-28
- June 29-July 5
- July 6-12
- No traffic light presented during week 7
- July 20-August 2
- August 3-16
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