United Food and Commercial Workers

The United Food and Commercial Workers International Union (UFCW) is a labor union representing approximately 1.3 million workers[1] in the United States and Canada in industries including retail; meatpacking, food processing and manufacturing; hospitality; agriculture; cannabis; chemical trades; security; textile, and health care. UFCW is affiliated with the Canadian Labour Congress (CLC) and the AFL-CIO; it disaffiliated from the AFL-CIO in 2005 but reaffiliated in 2013.

United Food and Commercial Workers International Union
Full nameUnited Food and Commercial Workers
FoundedJune 1979 (1979-06)
Members1,274,156 (2013)[1]
AffiliationAFL-CIO, CLC
Key peopleAnthony "Marc" Perrone, International President[2]
Office locationWashington, D.C.
CountryCanada, United States
Websitewww.ufcw.org

History
UFCW workers gather for a rally in California on August 2, 2016.

The UFCW was created through the merger of the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America (AMC) union and Retail Clerks International Union (RCIU), following the new union's founding convention in June 1979.[3] William H. Wynn, president of the RCIU and one of the designers of the merger, became president of UFCW at the time of its founding.[4] The merger created the largest union affiliated with the AFL-CIO.[5] The UFCW continued to expand both by organizing and merging with several smaller unions between 1980 and 1998.[6] In 1980, the Barbers, Beauticians and Allied Industries International Association merged with UFCW, followed a year later by the United Retail Workers Union (now Local 881).[7][8]

The UFCW held its first regular international convention in Montreal, Canada in 1983. The Insurance Workers International Union also that year voted to have their 15,000 members join the UFCW.[9]

In 1984 and 1985, the UFCW pursued aggressive campaigns and organized 136,000 workers. In 1986 the Canadian Brewery Workers Union merged with the UFCW.[10] Still aggressive in their organizing efforts, the UFCW organized another 81,000 workers in 1986, nearly 100,000 in 1987, and over 100,000 in 1988. However, it was also during this time period that the UFCW leadership did not support the Austin, Minnesota meatpackers local (P-9) in its contract dispute with the Hormel Foods Corporation, the 1985–86 Hormel strike. The UFCW ultimately struck a deal with Hormel management, seized control of Local P-9, and removed the local union leaders, actions that dealt a blow to the credibility of the UFCW in the eyes of others in the larger labor movement.[11] This dispute was the subject of the award-winning documentary, American Dream.[12]

Finances (US records; ×$1000)[13]
     Assets      Debts      Receipts      Expenses

In 1991 the 5,000 members of the Independent Food Handlers and Warehouse Employees Union in Rhode Island and Massachusetts merged with the UFCW to form Local 791.[14] A year later, the Leather Goods, Plastics, Handbags and Novelty Workers Union merged with the UFCW. And the following year, the International Union of Life Insurance Agents of Ohio, Wisconsin and Minnesota also merged with the UFCW, adding another 1,500 members to the union. Bringing about the largest addition to the UFCW since its creation in 1979, on October 1, 1993, the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, and their 100,000 members, merged with the UFCW, becoming the RWDSU District Council of the UFCW.[15][16]

In 1994 Douglas H. Dority was appointed the second international president by the International Executive Board following the retirement of William Wynn.[17] Dority was subsequently elected to remain International President at the UFCW's fourth regular International Convention in 1998, and again at the fifth regular convention in 2003.[18] In 1994 the 15,000-member strong United Garment Workers of America also merged with the UFCW.[16] A year later, the 15,000-member Textile Workers and the 15,000-member Distillery Workers unions merged with the UFCW, forming respectively the UFCW Textile and Garment Council and the UFCW’s Distillery, Wine and Allied Workers Division.

Membership (US records; ×1000)[13]
     UFCW membership over time (x1000)

In 1996 the 40,000 members of the International Chemical Workers Union merged with the UFCW to form the International Chemical Workers Union Council of the UFCW.[19] A year later, the Canadian Union of Restaurant and Related Employees merged with the UFCW. And the following year, both the United Representatives Guild, Inc. and the Production Service and Sales District Council merged with the UFCW.[19]

In 2003, 80,000 members of the UFCW across the country went on strike to protect their wages and benefit packages.

In 2004, following the retirement of Dority, Joseph T. Hansen was appointed by unanimous vote of the UFCW International Executive Board to be the third international president of the UFCW. He was elected for two consecutive terms as international president by delegates to the UFCW's Regular International Conventions in 2008 and 2013.

In 2005, Hansen announced the UFCW was leaving the AFL-CIO, and joined six other unions – the Teamsters, SEIU, UNITE-HERE, Laborers, United Farm Workers and Carpenters – in creating a new labor federation, the Change to Win Federation.[19] On August 8, 2013, the UFCW announced it was changing its affiliation back to AFL-CIO.[20]

On December 15, 2014, Anthony "Marc" Perrone was appointed the fourth international president of the UFCW by the International Executive Board, following the retirement of Hansen.[21]

Activity

Food retail
Labor organizer from the UFCW union rallying at a strike on Black Friday to unionize Walmart, 2012.

The UFCW currently operates in a number of major grocery chains throughout the United States, including Albertsons, Dierbergs, Kroger, Meijer, Rosauers, Schnucks, Safeway, Supervalu, Giant Food LLC, Giant Eagle, The Stop & Shop Supermarket Company, Tops Markets, Acme Markets, King Kullen, and Wakefern Food Corporation. The Union also operates in major food retail chains in Canada such as Loblaw Companies Limited, Metro, Overwaitea, and Sobeys-Safeway.

Food manufacturing

UFCW, and its predecessor unions, have represented workers in food manufacturing, at both the primary and secondary levels, since the late 1800s.

Major employers in the United States include Kraft Heinz, Hormel, Pilgrim's Pride Corporation, Smithfield Foods, and Tyson Foods. The UFCW also represents more than 40,000 food manufacturing workers in Canada at employers such as Maple Leaf Foods, Olymel, Exceldor, Sofina Foods, Unilever, and Maple Lodge. UFCW represents workers at JBS S.A., Cargill, and Archer Daniels Midland in both Canada and the United States.

Canadian agriculture

The UFCW has attempted to organize agricultural workers in Ontario, Canada since 1995, when the provincial government passed legislation prohibiting those workers from joining unions. In 2001 the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in favour of UFCW Canada in the case of Dunmore v. Ontario.[22] In the ruling, the Court held that the Ontario government violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms by denying agricultural workers unionization rights under Ontario labor law as it had infringed on those workers' freedom of association.

Since the decision, the provincial government has supported legislation that gives agricultural workers the right to join or form an association but no rights to collective bargaining. The UFCW continues to challenge this legislation while making efforts to reach Ontario farm workers. On June 30, 2006, the Ontario government announced that it would extend coverage to farm workers under that province's occupational safety and health legislation, another longstanding demand of the UFCW.

In 2004, UFCW Canada and the National Union of Public and General Employees (NUPGE) signed a formal organizing protocol recognizing the UFCW as the union with primary jurisdiction for organizing agricultural workers in Canada and agreeing to cooperate on joint organizing and advocacy campaigns.[23] in June 2008, UFCW Canada Local 832 (Manitoba) was successful in achieving a first collective agreement covering some 60 Mexican migrant farm workers at Mayfair Farms in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba. This is the first Canadian agreement of its kind. In 2010, the workers of Mayfair Farms de-certified UFCW.

Medical Cannabis and Hemp Division
Medical marijuana workers division being welcomed into the UFCW, 2012.

The cannabis industry was originally targeted for union organizing by UFCW Local 5 special operations director Dan Rush in 2010. After some initial success, Rush has since been serving federal prison time for cheating the union for personal gain by taking bribes from employers, and both the local and international unions have disowned him.[24][25][26]

In 2010, Rush brokered a deal in which some California medical-marijuana business owners voted to become UFCW Local 5 members, in return for union endorsement of marijuana law reform. Recognized shops in Oakland included Richard Lee's Oaksterdam University, Oaksterdam Gift Shop, Blue Sky Coffee Shop/Dispensary, and the Bulldog Coffee Shop; and AMCD Dispensaries Inc, and the Patient ID Center. Soon after, the workers at Medi-Cone Farms of California joined the union. Between May 2010 and June 2011, more California business owners signed a neutrality agreement with UFCW, including Humboldt Bay Wellness Center and 707 Cannabis College in the Emerald Triangle of the California north coast. The international union realized that the industry consisted of the union's core industries, retail pharmacy and healthcare, agriculture, food processing and textiles-with hemp.

Few of these Top-Down Recognitions or Neutrality Agreements resulted in competitive contracts for cannabis workers in California. Only a handful of dispensaries in California have dues-paying members.

In September 2011, some of Colorado’s industry associations of legally compliant marijuana sellers, representing 8,000 people, voted to join the UFCW. The labor union, which traditionally bargains mostly with grocery and meat-packing companies, solidified the national division that could represent cannabis workers nationwide.

On 17 September 2015, the office of the United States Attorney for the Northern District of California announced that a federal grand jury had indicted Rush on a variety of counts on the basis of his cannabis-related union activities.[27][28] He pled guilty in 2017 and served 37 months in federal prison.[24]

Work stoppages and conflict with corporations

2003 California grocery strike
UFCW union grocery workers strike at supermarket center, 2015.

On October 11, 2003, the UFCW declared a strike on Vons (owned by Safeway Inc.), in Southern California, because of company-proposed changes to the new labor contract. These changes included cuts in health care and pension benefits, and the creation of a two-tier system in which new workers would be paid on a different schedule than existing workers. These changes were proposed due to competition from non-union retailers like Walmart.[29] The day following the strike, Albertsons and Ralphs, owned by Kroger, locked out their Southern California employees.

The strike ended on February 26, 2004 when the UFCW and affected companies reached an agreement on a new contract. Union employees voted to end the strike, and many employees cited financial difficulties as a reason for ratifying the agreement. The new labor contract included concessions granted by the chains relating to current employee benefits and wages, and concessions granted by the union relating to creating two tiers of employees and cutting benefits overall.[30]

Smithfield Foods

During the 1990s and 2000s, the UFCW was embroiled in a dispute with non-unionized meat processing company Smithfield Foods.[31] The UFCW had repeatedly attempted to organize the company's Bladen County, North Carolina meat-packing plant, but Smithfield Foods resisted this organizing. In 2007, Smithfield filed a federal lawsuit against the UFCW citing the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), claiming that the union orchestrated a public smear campaign to hurt Smithfield's business as a method of extorting the company.[32] In the media, a Smithfield official cited the lawsuit as necessary by claiming that the company was "under attack," while union officials responded by calling the lawsuit an "attack on democracy and free speech."[33] In October 2008, the UFCW and Smithfield reached an agreement, under which the union agreed to suspend its boycott campaign in return for the company dropping its RICO lawsuit and allowing another election. On December 10 and 11, workers at the plant voted 2,041 to 1,879 in favor of joining the UFCW, bringing the 15-year fight to an end.[34]

Walmart
UFCW union activists and workers attempt to organize Walmart, 2012.

Walmart, a non-unionized company, has repeatedly been accused by the UFCW of treating its workers poorly and driving down employment standards. The UFCW has repeatedly attempted to organize the chain, but these attempts have been unsuccessful in the United States.

In Canada, the UFCW managed to win union recognition at two Walmart stores in Quebec and one in Saskatchewan. Walmart closed the Jonquière store and workers in Saint-Hyacinthe voted to decertify UFCW in 2011.[35] The union has also applied for recognition at a dozen other Walmarts and had won a contract with a Walmart store in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada.[36] After a couple years of unsuccessful negotiations between the union and Walmart the workers at the store decided to leave the union.[37] The last remaining unionized Walmart in North America was located in Weyburn, Saskatchewan. Walmart successfully repelled an attempted UFCW unionization campaign there in August 2013 when the Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the union's attempt to compel Walmart to reach a collective agreement with it; workers at the Weyburn store then voted 51 to 5 to decertify the union.[38]

In April 2005, as part of a volley of accusatory websites created by Walmart and the UFCW, the union created Wake Up Walmart, a U.S.-based website and campaign with the stated goal of reforming Walmart's business practices.[39]

Tesco
Sheriffs watch protesting UFCW union supermarket workers, 2015.

In 2007, Tesco, a British corporation, opened a chain of U.S. grocery stores under the Fresh & Easy banner. To date, no stores in the chain are unionized. In 2008, the UFCW and MP Jon Cruddas launched a campaign in Britain attacking the company's refusal to negotiate with the union in the U.S. The campaign alleged that Tesco was not acting in the highest standards by which it operates in the UK as it concerns employee rights.[40] In 2015, the Fresh & Easy filed for bankruptcy, and all of the stores were closed.[41]

Bashas'

In 2007, Bashas' filed a lawsuit against UFCW with the Supreme Court of Arizona. The lawsuit accused the UFCW and the union's operatives - including its "false-front" organization, "Hungry for Respect" - of defamation and intentionally interfering with the grocer's operations to extort an agreement for union representation. The company also named Radio Campesina (a project of the United Farm Workers Union founded by Cesar Chavez), Councilman Michael Nowakosky, and Reverend Trina Zelle as defendants.[42]

Stop & Shop
Main article: 2019 Stop & Shop strike

The 2019 Stop & Shop strike began on April 11, 2019 when approximately 31,000 workers, represented by the UFCW, walked off the job and began picketing Stop & Shop locations in the states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. The strike was in response to the company not agreeing, after extensive negotiations, to a contract which did not reduce employee pay and benefits. The strike ended eleven days later on April 21.[43] The tentative agreement preserved health and pension benefits and raised employee pay.[44]

Political activities
UFCW steward registering union members to vote, 2010.

In the United States, the UFCW's political action committee spent $11,145,605 in the 2014 election cycle, 99% of which went to Democratic candidates and 1% of which went to Republican candidates.[45] UFCW’s PAC spent $673,309 in independent expenditures promoting the election of Barack Obama in 2008 and contributed $1.8 million to Democratic federal candidates in 2008 and $1.7 million to Democratic congressional candidates in 2010. In early 2011, the Obama administration granted waivers to 28 different UFCW healthcare plans, allowing them to avoid full compliance with the Affordable Care Act for a year.[46]

UFCW has a political advocacy arm called the Active Ballot Club (ABC). The policy positions that ABC advocates for include increasing the minimum wage and comprehensive immigration reform.[47]

In Canada, the UFCW has a long history with the New Democratic Party (NDP). UFCW predecessor unions, and the United Packinghouse Workers of America in particular, were among the NDP's founding forces, and UFCW activist Huguette Plamondon nominated the party's first leader, Tommy Douglas, at the founding convention in 1961. UFCW has maintained a strong presence at every NDP convention since, having a direct impact on party policy, and election campaign efforts at both the provincial and federal level. In 2012, UFCW Canadian Director Wayne E. Hanley nominated Thomas Mulcair for federal NDP leader at the party's convention in Toronto.[48]

In 2017, UFCW Canada was the first major union to endorse Jagmeet Singh for leader of the federal NDP.[49]

UFCW is also the union for all federal NDP staff, who are members of UFCW Local 232.[50]

International Presidents
Pin from the 2013 UFCW International Convention

The presidents of the United Food and Commercial Workers are:

In leading the union, the president is supported by the international executive committee, which, in addition to the president, includes the international secretary-treasurer, and the union's three international executive vice-presidents, one of whom historically includes the Canadian director.[51]

The international executive committee is a subcommittee of the international executive board, which is the union's highest decision making authority between regular conventions. The international executive board consists of the members of the international executive committee plus 50 international vice presidents, all of whom are elected by regular UFCW international conventions.[52]

Canadian directors

The UFCW Canadian director (also known as the national director and, more recently, the national president) is the union's ranking official based in Canada.

The Canadian director is elected by Canadian delegates to UFCW regular conventions.[53]

As part of his or her duties, the Canadian director serves as the union's chief spokesperson in Canada, presides over the UFCW Canada national council, and represents the union on the CLC Canadian council.[54]

The Canadian director also leads the efforts of the UFCW Canada national office, which involve field staff in every Canadian province, as well as dedicated resources and staff for communications, training and education, political and legislative affairs, and special projects.[54]

As per the UFCW Constitution, the UFCW Canadian director is the union's International Vice President number one for Canada. And in recent years, the UFCW Canadian director has also served on the UFCW International Executive Committee as one of the union's three International Executive Vice Presidents, whom are elected at-large by delegates to regular conventions.

The Canadian directors of the United Food and Commercial Workers are:

Prior to 1988, the UFCW's efforts in Canada were co-directed by the director of region 18 and the director of region 19.[55]

Region 18 included the former members of the Amalgamated Meat Cutters, and its directors were Romeo Mathieu (1979-1983), Frank Benn (1983-1986), and Willard "Bill" Hanley (1986-1988).[55]

Region 19 included the former members of the Retail Clerks Union, and its director was Clifford R. Evans (1979-1988).[55]

Landrum–Griffin Act violations
UFCW union members rally for healthcare, 2011.

The Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (also "LMRDA" or the "Landrum-Griffin Act"), is a United States labor law that regulates labor unions' internal affairs and their officials' relationships with employers.[56]

On October 22, 2013, the Office of Labor-Management Standards (OLMS) of the United States Department of Labor accepted a voluntary compliance agreement with United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) Local 5 (located in San Jose, Calif.), concerning the challenged election of officers conducted on September 4, 2012, as well as the March 22, 2013 re-run election ordered by the International union. The union agreed to conduct a new election, including new nominations, for the offices of president, secretary-treasurer, recorder, and vice-presidents 1 through 31 under OLMS supervision. The investigation of the challenged election disclosed that union resources were used when the UFCW International President sent a campaign letter to various UFCW officers soliciting contributions and his executive assistant obtained the recipients’ addresses while on union time. The agreement follows an investigation by the OLMS San Francisco-Seattle District Office.[57]

A UFCW member in Southern California filed a complaint in 2013 with the OLMS against former UFCW 1036 Trustees for illegally transferring $100,000.00 from the local union (1036) to UFCW International in a violation of Section 303 of the LMRDA.[58]

A statement reported: "The investigation disclosed that on February 26, 2009, the trustee (Shaun Barclay) appointed by the International (UFCW) to manage the affairs of the local (1036) transferred $100,000 of the local's monies to the International...The (UFCW) International... agreed that the transfer was unlawful and should not have occurred". Funds were returned to the appropriate local unions, following the investigation by the Department of Labor, Office of Labor-Management Standards.[59]

Immigration raids

The United Food and Commercial Workers International Union (UFCW), on Wednesday, September 12, 2007, unsuccessfully sought court intervention to enjoin the government from illegally arresting and detaining workers including U.S. citizens and legal residents while at their workplace. The lawsuit—filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas— named the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agency as defendants. The suit came as a response to ICE's Swift raids of December 12, 2006 at six meat packing plants across the United States. The UFCW represents workers at five of the plants including Worthington, Minn.; Greeley, Colo.; Cactus, Tex.; Marshalltown, Ia.; and Grand Island, Neb. UFCW's two lawsuits related to the raids were both dismissed.[60]

2020 COVID-19 pandemic

See Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States

See also
  • UFCW Local 832, Winnipeg
  • UFCW Local 1776, Philadelphia
  • Workers' rights in meat packing industry
  • Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on the meat industry in the United States

References
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