1812 and 1813 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 13th Congress were held at various dates in different states between April 1812 and August 1813 as James Madison was re-elected President.
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All 182 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives 92 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Following the 1810 Census, Congress added 39 seats to the House. Most relative population growth was in the West.
After America's entry into the War of 1812 against Britain, the Democratic-Republican and Federalist parties maintained pro-war and anti-war positions, respectively. Democratic-Republican representatives supported by voters in agrarian regions and Southern and Western states promoted war, asserting that Britain had violated American sovereignty and that despite Britain's strength, war was a manageable risk. Federalists and their supporters in New England and more densely populated Eastern districts opposed the war, citing likely damage to American trade and infrastructure.
This election saw significant voter support shift to the declining Federalists for the last time, almost entirely in New England, New York, and New Jersey. Despite this shift, Federalists did not approach national political recovery, House control, or meaningful policy influence.
Election summaries
Following the 1810 Census, the House was reapportioned, adding 39 new seats.[1]
114 | 68 |
Democratic-Republican | Federalist |
State | Type | ↑ Date |
Total seats |
Democratic- Republican |
Federalist | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Kentucky | District | August 3, 1812 | 10 | 10 | 0 | |||
Rhode Island | At-large | August 25, 1812 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
New Hampshire | At-large | August 31, 1812 | 6 | 0 | 6 | |||
Vermont | At-large | September 1, 1812 | 6 | 6 | 0 | |||
Connecticut | At-large | September 21, 1812 | 7 | 0 | 7 | |||
Louisiana | At-large | September 28–30, 1812 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
Georgia | At-large | October 5, 1812 | 6 | 6 | 0 | |||
Delaware | At-large | October 6, 1812 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
Maryland | Districts | October 12, 1812 | 9 | 6 | 3 | |||
South Carolina | Districts | October 12–13, 1812 | 9 | 9 | 0 | |||
Ohio | Districts | October 13, 1812 | 6 | 6 | 0 | |||
Pennsylvania | Districts | 23 | 22 | 1 | ||||
Massachusetts | Districts | November 5, 1812[lower-alpha 1] | 20 | 4 | 16 | |||
New York | Districts | December 15–17, 1812 | 27 | 9 | 18 | |||
New Jersey | Districts | January 12–13, 1813 | 6 | 2 | 4 | |||
Late elections (After the March 4, 1813 beginning of the next Congress) | ||||||||
Virginia | Districts | April 1813 | 23 | 17 | 6 | |||
Tennessee | Districts | April 1–2, 1813 | 6 | 6 | 0 | |||
North Carolina | Districts | April 30, 1813 | 13 | 10 | 3 | |||
Total | 182 | 114 62.6% |
68 37.4% |
Special elections
There were special elections in 1812 and 1813 to the 12th United States Congress and 13th United States Congress.
Special elections are sorted by date then district.
12th Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[lower-alpha 2] | |
Massachusetts 17 | Barzillai Gannett | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent resigned in 1812. New member elected April 6, 1812.[2][lower-alpha 3] Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated June 3, 1812.[3] Successor later lost re-election, see below. |
√ Francis Carr (Democratic-Republican) 57.5% Pitt Dillingham (Federalist) 42.5% |
Louisiana at-large | None (District created) | New district, seat created. New member elected September 28–30, 1812. Democratic-Republican gain. New member seated December 23, 1812.[3] Member also elected the same day to the next term, see below. |
√ Thomas B. Robertson (Democratic-Republican) 35.1% Henry Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 22.8% Stephen Hopkins 18.1% Edward Livingston (Democratic-Republican) 12.0% Elegis Fromentin 11.6%[4] | ||
Georgia at-large | Howell Cobb | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent resigned before October 1812 to accept a captain's commission in the U.S. Army. New member elected October 5, 1812.[lower-alpha 3] Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated November 27, 1812.[3] Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below. |
√ William Barnett (Democratic-Republican) 39.0% John Forsyth (Democratic-Republican) 38.2% Thomas Telfair (Democratic-Republican) 18.6% Thomas Carr (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 4] 4.3% |
New York 6 | Robert L. Livingston | Federalist | 1808 | Incumbent resigned to accept commission as a lieutenant colonel. New member elected December 15–17, 1812. Federalist hold. Successor seated January 29, 1813.[3] Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below. |
√ Thomas P. Grosvenor (Federalist) Unopposed[5] |
North Carolina 3 | Thomas Blount | Democratic-Republican | 1793 1798 (Lost) 1804 1808 (Lost) 1810 |
Incumbent died February 7, 1812. New member elected January 11, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated January 30, 1813.[3] Successor later re-elected, see below. |
√ William Kennedy (Democratic-Republican) 69.5% James West Clark (Democratic-Republican) 30.5% |
Illinois Territory at-large | None (District created) | Illinois Territory had been created in 1809, but was not awarded a delegate until 1812. New delegate elected on an unknown date. Democratic-Republican gain. New delegate seated December 3, 1812.[3] |
√ Shadrach Bond (Democratic-Republican)[6][lower-alpha 5] | ||
Missouri Territory at-large | None (District created) | Missouri Territory was created in 1812 when Louisiana became a state. New delegate elected on an unknown date. Democratic-Republican gain. New delegate seated January 4, 1813.[3] |
√ Edward Hempstead (Democratic-Republican) 40.8% Samuel Hammond (Democratic-Republican) 35.3% Rufus Easton (Democratic-Republican) 23.3% Matthew Lyon 0.7%[7] |
13th Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[lower-alpha 2] | |
Pennsylvania 13 | John Smilie | Democratic-Republican | 1792 1794 (Retired) 1798 |
Incumbent/member-elect died December 30, 1812. New member elected February 16, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated May 24, 1813.[8] |
√ Isaac Griffin (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing] |
Ohio 6 | John S. Edwards | Federalist | 1812 | Member-elect died February 22, 1813. New member elected April 20, 1813. Democratic-Republican gain. Successor seated June 8, 1813.[8] |
√ Reasin Beall (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing] |
New York 15 | William Dowse | Federalist | 1812 | Member-elect died February 18, 1813. New member elected April 27–29, 1813. Federalist hold. Successor seated June 21, 1813.[8] Election was later successfully challenged by Isaac Williams Jr. (Democratic-Republican). |
√ John M. Bowers (Federalist) [data unknown/missing] |
Kentucky 8 | John Simpson | Democratic-Republican | 1812 | Member-elect died January 22, 1813. New member elected April 29, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated May 28, 1813.[8] |
√ Stephen Ormsby (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing] |
Pennsylvania 15 | Abner Lacock | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent/member-elect resigned March 3, 1813 to become U.S. Senator. New member elected May 4, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated May 28, 1813.[8] |
√ Thomas Wilson (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing] |
Ohio 3 | Duncan McArthur | Democratic-Republican | 1812 | Member-elect resigned April 5, 1813 to stay in the state militia. New member elected May 10, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated June 15, 1813.[8] |
√ William Creighton (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing] |
Pennsylvania 5 | Robert Whitehill | Democratic-Republican | 1805 (Special) | Member-elect died April 8, 1813. New member elected May 11, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated May 28, 1813.[8] |
√ John Rea (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing] |
Pennsylvania 3 | John Gloninger | Federalist | 1812 | Incumbent resigned August 2, 1813. New member elected October 12, 1813. Democratic-Republican gain. Successor seated December 6, 1813.[8] |
√ Edward Crouch (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing] |
Pennsylvania 7 | John M. Hyneman | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent resigned August 2, 1813. New member elected October 12, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated December 6, 1813.[8] |
√ Daniel Udree (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing] |
Georgia at-large | William W. Bibb | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent resigned after election as U.S. Senator. New member elected December 13, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated February 7, 1814.[8] |
√ Alfred Cuthbert (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing] |
New York 2 | Egbert Benson | Federalist | 1789 1793 (Retired) 1812 |
Incumbent resigned August 2, 1813. New member elected December 28–30, 1813. Democratic-Republican gain. Successor seated January 22, 1814.[8] |
√ William Irving (Democratic-Republican) [data unknown/missing] |
Connecticut
Connecticut elected its members September 21, 1812. Its apportionment was unchanged after the 1810 census.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[lower-alpha 2] | |
Connecticut at-large 7 seats on a general ticket |
Benjamin Tallmadge | Federalist | 1801 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Benjamin Tallmadge (Federalist) 14.6% √ Timothy Pitkin (Federalist) 14.2% √ John Davenport (Federalist) 13.9% √ Lewis B. Sturges (Federalist) 13.8% √ Jonathan O. Moseley (Federalist) 13.5% √ Epaphroditus Champion (Federalist) 13.1% √ Lyman Law (Federalist) 13.0% Nathan Smith (Federalist) 1.0% Sylvanus Backus (Federalist) 0.6% Samuel B. Sherwood (Federalist) 0.6% Nathaniel Terry (Federalist) 0.6% James Gould (Federalist) 0.5% Ebenezer Huntington (Federalist) 0.3% |
Timothy Pitkin | Federalist | 1805 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
John Davenport | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Lewis B. Sturges | Federalist | 1805 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Jonathan O. Moseley | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Epaphroditus Champion | Federalist | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Lyman Law | Federalist | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Delaware
Delaware gained a seat after the 1810 Census, and chose to elect both seats on a general ticket. The ten years between 1813 and 1823 were the only time when Delaware was represented by more than one Representative, and is one of only three states (the other two being Alaska and Wyoming) that have never been divided into districts.
Delaware elected its members October 6, 1812.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Henry M. Ridgely | Federalist | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Henry M. Ridgely (Federalist) 28.3% √ Thomas Cooper (Federalist) 28.2% David Hall (Democratic-Republican) 21.8% Richard Dale (Democratic-Republican) 21.7% |
None (Seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
Georgia
Georgia gained two seats after the 1810 Census.
Georgia elected its members October 5, 1812.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Georgia at-large 6 seats on a general ticket |
William W. Bibb | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William W. Bibb (Democratic-Republican) 18.1% √ George M. Troup (Democratic-Republican) 16.8% √ William Barnett (Democratic-Republican) 15.9% √ Thomas Telfair (Democratic-Republican) 15.9% √ Bolling Hall (Democratic-Republican) 15.1% √ John Forsyth (Democratic-Republican) 14.0% George Dent (Federalist) 4.1% |
George M. Troup | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Howell Cobb | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent resigned before October 1812 to accept a captain's commission in the U.S. Army. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term, see above. | ||
Bolling Hall | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
None (Seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||||
None (Seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
Kentucky
Kentucky gained four seats after the 1810 Census.
Georgia elected its members August 3, 1812.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kentucky 1 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James Clark (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed | ||
Kentucky 2 | Henry Clay Redistricted from the 5th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Henry Clay (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed |
Kentucky 3 | Richard M. Johnson Redistricted from the 4th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Richard M. Johnson (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed |
Kentucky 4 | Joseph Desha Redistricted from the 6th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph Desha (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed |
Kentucky 5 | Anthony New Redistricted from the 1st district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Samuel Hopkins (Democratic-Republican) 49.2% Rezin Davidge 31.4% Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican) 19.4% |
Kentucky 6 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Solomon P. Sharp (Democratic-Republican) 69.9% Anthony Butler 30.1% | ||
Kentucky 7 | Samuel McKee Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Samuel McKee (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed |
Kentucky 8 | Stephen Ormsby Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor died January 22, 1813, leading to a special election see above. |
√ John Simpson (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 6] Stephen Ormsby (Democratic-Republican) |
Kentucky 9 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Thomas Montgomery (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 7] Henry James Micah Taul (Democratic-Republican) | ||
Kentucky 10 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ William P. Duval (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] |
Louisiana
Louisiana held its election for the 13th Congress September 28–30, 1812, at the same time as the election for the 12th Congress, with nearly-identical results.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[lower-alpha 2] | |
Louisiana at-large | None | New district, seat created. New member elected September 28–30, 1812. Democratic-Republican gain. Successor elected the same day to finish the current term, see above. |
√ Thomas B. Robertson (Democratic-Republican) 35.3% Henry Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 22.5% Stephen Hopkins 18.3% Edward Livingston (Democratic-Republican) 12.7% Elegis Fromentin 10.4%[9] |
Maryland
Maryland's apportionment was unchanged. It elected its members October 12, 1812.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[lower-alpha 2] | |
Maryland 1 | Philip Stuart | Federalist | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Philip Stuart (Federalist) 98.9% |
Maryland 2 | Joseph Kent | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph Kent (Democratic-Republican) 52.0% Archibald Van Horne (Federalist) 48.0% |
Maryland 3 | Philip Barton Key | Federalist | 1806 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Alexander C. Hanson (Federalist) 60.3% John Linthicum (Democratic-Republican) 39.7% |
Maryland 4 | Samuel Ringgold | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Samuel Ringgold (Democratic-Republican) 53.5% Roger B. Taney (Federalist) 46.5% |
Maryland 5 Plural district with 2 seats |
Alexander McKim | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Alexander McKim (Democratic-Republican) 38.0% √ Nicholas R. Moore (Democratic-Republican) 32.7% Peter Little (Democratic-Republican) 29.2% |
Peter Little | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
Maryland 6 | Stevenson Archer | Democratic-Republican | 1811 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Stevenson Archer (Democratic-Republican) 99.9% |
Maryland 7 | Robert Wright | Democratic-Republican | 1810 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Robert Wright (Democratic-Republican) 53.7% Samuel W. Thomas (Federalist) 46.3% |
Maryland 8 | Charles Goldsborough | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Charles Goldsborough (Federalist) 64.7% Thomas Williams (Democratic-Republican) 35.3% |
Massachusetts
Massachusetts gained three seats after the 1810 Census, all of which were added to the District of Maine. Its elections were held November 5, 1812, but since Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in the 19th district, a second ballot was held there January 6, 1813.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 "Suffolk district" |
Josiah Quincy | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Artemas Ward Jr. (Federalist) 98.7% Others 1.3% |
Massachusetts 2 "Essex South district" |
William Reed | Federalist | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Reed (Federalist) 56.1% Benjamin W. Crowninshield (Democratic-Republican) 43.9% |
Massachusetts 3 "Essex North district" |
Leonard White | Federalist | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Timothy Pickering (Federalist) 95.6% Others 4.4% |
Massachusetts 4 "Middlesex district" |
William M. Richardson | Democratic-Republican | 1811 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William M. Richardson (Democratic-Republican) 51.8% Asahel Stearns (Federalist) 46.8% William Reed (Democratic-Republican) 1.4% |
Massachusetts 5 "Hampshire South district" |
William Ely | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Ely (Federalist) 67.5% Enos Foot (Democratic-Republican) 19.6% Joseph Lyman (Federalist) 11.3% Samuel Fowler (Democratic-Republican) 1.6% |
Massachusetts 6 "Hampshire North district" |
Samuel Taggart | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Samuel Taggart (Federalist) 87.3% Solomon Snead (Democratic-Republican) 9.3% Joseph Rice (Federalist) 3.4% |
Massachusetts 7 "Plymouth district" |
Charles Turner Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ William Baylies (Federalist) 59.0% Charles Turner Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 41.0% |
Massachusetts 8 "Barnstable district" |
Isaiah L. Green | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ John Reed Jr. (Federalist) 67.9% Thomas Hazard Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 26.5% Isaiah L. Green (Democratic-Republican) 5.6% |
Massachusetts 9 "Bristol district" |
Laban Wheaton | Federalist | 1808 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Laban Wheaton (Federalist) 60.2% John Hawes (Democratic-Republican) 39.8% |
Massachusetts 10 "Worcester South district" |
Elijah Brigham | Federalist | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Elijah Brigham (Federalist) 55.1% Estes Howe (Democratic-Republican) 44.4% Jonas Sibley (Democratic-Republican) 0.6% |
Massachusetts 11 "Worcester North district" |
Abijah Bigelow | Federalist | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Abijah Bigelow (Federalist) 76.6% Edmund Cushing (Democratic-Republican) 23.4% |
Massachusetts 12 "Berkshire district" |
Ezekiel Bacon | Democratic-Republican | 1807 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Daniel Dewey (Federalist) 53.4% Samuel Wheeler (Democratic-Republican) 46.6% |
Massachusetts 13 "Norfolk district" |
Ebenezer Seaver | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Nathaniel Ruggles (Federalist) 55.3% Ebenezer Seaver (Democratic-Republican) 44.7% |
Massachusetts 14 "1st Eastern district", District of Maine |
Richard Cutts | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Cyrus King (Federalist) 59.3% Richard Cutts (Democratic-Republican) 37.8% Others 2.9% |
Massachusetts 15 "2nd Eastern district", District of Maine |
William Widgery | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ George Bradbury (Federalist) 58.2% William Widgery (Democratic-Republican) 41.8% |
Massachusetts 16 "3rd Eastern district", District of Maine |
None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Samuel Davis (Federalist) 61.5% Benjamin Ames (Democratic-Republican) 38.5% | ||
Massachusetts 17 "4th Eastern district", District of Maine |
None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Abiel Wood (Democratic-Republican) 85.5% Joshua Head (Federalist) 5.8% Others 8.8% | ||
Massachusetts 18 "5th Eastern district", District of Maine |
Francis Carr Redistricted from the 17th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1812 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ John Wilson (Federalist) 57.7% Francis Carr (Democratic-Republican) 42.3% |
Massachusetts 19 "6th Eastern district", District of Maine |
None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
First ballot (November 5, 1812): James Parker (Democratic-Republican) 49.3% Thomas Rice (Federalist) 49.0% Others 1.7% Second ballot (January 6, 1813): √ James Parker (Democratic-Republican) 54.8% Thomas Rice (Federalist) 45.2% | ||
Massachusetts 20 "7th Eastern district", District of Maine |
None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Levi Hubbard (Democratic-Republican) 52.6% Ebenezer Fessenden (Federalist) 47.4% |
New Hampshire
New Hampshire gained one seat after the 1810 Census. Its elections were held August 31, 1812.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Hampshire at-large 6 seats on a general ticket |
Josiah Bartlett Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Roger Vose (Federalist) 9.0% √ Daniel Webster (Federalist) 9.0% √ Bradbury Cilley (Federalist) 9.0% √ William Hale (Federalist) 9.0% √ Samuel Smith (Federalist) 9.0% √ Jeduthun Wilcox (Federalist) 8.9% David Morrill (Democratic-Republican) 7.7% John Parrott (Democratic-Republican) 7.7% Samuel Dinsmoor (Democratic-Republican) 7.7% John Adams Harper (Democratic-Republican) 7.7% Jesse Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 7.7% Josiah Butler (Democratic-Republican) 7.6% |
Samuel Dinsmoor | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
Obed Hall | Democratic-Republican | 1811 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
John Adams Harper | Democratic-Republican | 1811 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
George Sullivan | Federalist | 1811 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. | ||
None (Seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
New Jersey
New Jersey kept its delegation at six seats but changed from electing its Representatives on a statewide general ticket to using three plural districts of two seats each. These districts were used only for the 1812 election, and the state returned to using a single at-large district in 1814. This was only the second time that New Jersey used districts (the first being in 1798).
There was a statewide at-large election held in November 1812, that was invalidated:
In October 1812, when the Federalists captured the State Legislature, both parties had already nominated their tickets for Presidential Electors and Congress. That election was scheduled for November 1812. However, … the Federalist[s], now controlling the legislature, changed the method of selecting Presidential Electors, from popular vote, to a choice by the Legislature and as a result the election for Presidential Electors was invalidated. In addition to changing the method of choosing Presidential electors, the Federalist also decided to alter the election of congressmen from state wide At-Large to Districts. The scheduled November elections were postponed and three separate Districts were created, each electing two Congressmen. This election was held January 12th and 13th 1813. Some towns, either because word of the these changes did not reach them in time, or most likely in defiance, went ahead and held elections. The Republican ticket received almost all of the votes cast, with the Federalist getting only a single votes in two towns, which suggests they were protesting the changes made by the Legislature. These returns were never reported in the newspapers.
— "New Jersey 1812 U.S. House of Representatives (Note 1)". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Jersey 1 "Northern district" Plural district with 2 seats |
Lewis Condict Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Lewis Condict (Democratic-Republican) 38.8% √ Thomas Ward (Democratic-Republican) 38.3% Jacob S. Thompson (Federalist) 11.3% John M. Cumming (Federalist) 9.7% Adam Boyd (Federalist) 2.0% |
Adam Boyd Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic-Republican | 1803 1804 (Retired) 1808 (Special) |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
New Jersey 2 "Central district" Plural district with 2 seats |
James Morgan Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ James Schureman (Federalist) 27.9% √ Richard Stockton (Federalist) 27.8% Henry Southard (Democratic-Republican) 22.3% James Morgan (Democratic-Republican) 22.0% |
George C. Maxwell Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
New Jersey 3 "Southern district" Plural district with 2 seats |
Thomas Newbold Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ William Coxe Jr. (Federalist) 49.8% √ Jacob Hufty (Federalist) 49.5% Others 0.7% |
Jacob Hufty Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. Federalist gain. |
New York
Ten seats were added after the 1810 Census, bringing New York's representation to 27, the largest of any state at the time. New York would remain the state with the most members until surpassed by California in the 1970 Census. There were two separate House of Representatives elections in 1812. The first was held in April 1812 for an un-reapportioned 17 representatives. This election was subsequently declared void and a new election was held on December 15–17, 1812, in which only three incumbents ran and two of whom were re-elected. New York thereby lost 4 Democratic-Republicans and gained 14 Federalists.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 1 Plural district with 2 seats |
Ebenezer Sage | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. Results of the election were contested but no action was taken by the House. |
√ John Lefferts (Democratic-Republican) 25.3% √ Ebenezer Sage (Democratic-Republican) 25.2% Peter A. Jay (Federalist) 24.8% Benjamin B. Blydenburgh (Federalist) 24.7% |
None (Second seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||||
New York 2 Plural district with 2 seats |
Samuel L. Mitchill | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Egbert Benson (Federalist) 25.9% √ Jotham Post Jr. (Federalist) 25.5% John Ferguson (Democratic-Republican) 24.3% William Irving (Democratic-Republican) 24.2% |
William Paulding Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
New York 3 | Pierre Van Cortlandt Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Peter Denoyelles (Democratic-Republican) 43.3% Richard V. Morris (Federalist) 39.1% Pierre Van Cortlandt Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 17.6% |
New York 4 | James Emott | Federalist | 1808 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Thomas J. Oakley (Federalist) 57.3% Theodorus R. Van Wyck (Democratic-Republican) 42.7% |
New York 5 | Robert L. Livingston Redistricted from the 6th district (Second seat) |
Federalist | 1808 | Incumbent resigned May 6, 1812 to accept a commission as a lieutenant colonel. Federalist hold. Successor also elected the same day to finish the term, see above. |
√ Thomas P. Grosvenor (Federalist) |
Thomas B. Cooke | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican loss. | ||
New York 6 | Asa Fitch | Federalist | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Jonathan Fisk (Democratic-Republican) 51.4% John Bradner (Federalist)28.4% Anthony Davis (Federalist) 20.1% |
New York 7 | Harmanus Bleecker | Federalist | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Abraham J. Hasbrouck (Democratic-Republican) 52.3% Abraham T. E. De Witt (Federalist) 47.7% |
New York 8 | Benjamin Pond | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Samuel Sherwood (Federalist) 53.6% John Ely (Democratic-Republican) 46.4% |
New York 9 | Thomas Sammons | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ John Lovett (Federalist) |
New York 10 | Silas Stow | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Hosea Moffitt (Federalist) |
New York 11 | Thomas R. Gold | Federalist | 1808 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John W. Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 52.8% Samuel Stewart (Federalist) 47.2% |
New York 12 Plural district with 2 seats |
Arunah Metcalf | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Zebulon R. Shipherd (Federalist) 27.0% √ Elisha I. Winter (Federalist) 26.5% Melancton Smith (Democratic-Republican) 22.0% Roger Skinner (Democratic-Republican) 21.8% William Livingston 2.8% |
None (Second seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||||
New York 13 | Uri Tracy | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Alexander Boyd (Federalist) 51.2% John Gebhard (Democratic-Republican) 42.6% Jesse Shepherd (Democratic-Republican) 6.2% |
New York 14 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Jacob Markell (Federalist) 55.6% James McIntyre (Democratic-Republican) 44.4% | ||
New York 15 Plural district with 2 seats |
Peter B. Porter | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Joel Thompson (Federalist) 26.7% √ William Dowse (Federalist) 26.4% Robert Roseboom (Democratic-Republican) 23.5% Amos Patterson (Democratic-Republican) 23.4% |
None (second seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||||
New York 16 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Morris S. Miller (Federalist) 63.3% George Brayton (Democratic-Republican) 36.7% | ||
New York 17 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ William S. Smith (Federalist) 56.9% Hubbard Smith (Democratic-Republican) 43.1% | ||
New York 18 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Moss Kent (Federalist) 61.2% Jacob Brown (Democratic-Republican) 38.8% | ||
New York 19 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ James Geddes (Federalist) 55.7% John Miller (Democratic-Republican) 44.3% | ||
New York 20 Plural district with 2 seats |
Daniel Avery Redistricted from 14th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Oliver C. Comstock (Democratic-Republican) 32.4% √ Daniel Avery (Democratic-Republican) 32.2% Elijah Miller (Federalist) 17.7% Vincent Mathews (Federalist) 17.7% |
None (Second seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||||
New York 21 Plural district with 2 seats |
None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Nathaniel W. Howell (Federalist) 27.6% √ Samuel M. Hopkins (Federalist) 27.6% Chauncey Lewis (Democratic-Republican) 22.5% Stephen Bates (Democratic-Republican) 21.9% Micah Brooks (Democratic-Republican) 0.5% | ||
None (Second seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
North Carolina
North Carolina gained one representative as a result of the Census of 1810. Its elections were held April 30, 1813, after the term began but before Congress's first meeting.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Carolina 1 | Lemuel Sawyer | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William H. Murfree (Democratic-Republican) 45.6% Joseph Riddick (Democratic-Republican) 22.1% Lemuel Sawyer (Democratic-Republican) 20.4% William Hinton (Democratic-Republican) 11.8% |
North Carolina 2 | Willis Alston | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Willis Alston (Democratic-Republican) 56.0% Daniel Mason (Federalist) 44.0% |
North Carolina 3 | William Kennedy | Democratic-Republican | 1803 1813 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Kennedy (Democratic-Republican) 56.5% Robert Williams (Democratic-Republican) 43.5% |
North Carolina 4 | William Blackledge | Democratic-Republican | 1803 1810 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ William Gaston (Federalist) 74.6% William Blackledge (Democratic-Republican) 25.4% |
North Carolina 5 | William R. King | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William R. King (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed |
North Carolina 6 | Nathaniel Macon | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] |
North Carolina 7 | Archibald McBryde | Federalist | 1808 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ John Culpepper (Federalist) 52.1% John A. Cameron (Federalist) 38.0% Duncan McFarlan (Democratic-Republican) 9.9% |
North Carolina 8 | Richard Stanford | Democratic-Republican | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Richard Stanford (Democratic-Republican) 61.7% James Mebane (Democratic-Republican) 38.2% |
North Carolina 9 | James Cochran | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Bartlett Yancey (Democratic-Republican) 61.1% James Martin (Federalist) 38.9% |
North Carolina 10 | Joseph Pearson | Federalist | 1808 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph Pearson (Federalist) 54.1% Alexander Gary (Democratic-Republican) 45.9% |
North Carolina 11 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Peter Forney (Democratic-Republican) 50.5% John Phifer (Federalist) 49.5% | ||
North Carolina 12 | Israel Pickens Redistricted from the 11th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Israel Pickens (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] Felix Walker (Democratic-Republican) Joseph Hamilton R. H. Burton Joseph Carson |
North Carolina 13 | Meshack Franklin Redistricted from the 12th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Meshack Franklin (Democratic-Republican) 38.0% Edmund Jones (Federalist) 31.8% Lewis Williams (Democratic-Republican) 30.2% |
Ohio
The 1810 Census revealed dramatic population growth in Ohio since 1800, resulting in its representation increasing from a single Representative to six, resulting in the State being broken up into 6 districts, abolishing the at-large district. Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican), who had served since Ohio achieved statehood in 1803, retired to run for U.S. Senator, so that all six seats were open. Its elections were held October 13, 1812.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[lower-alpha 2] | |
Ohio 1 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John McLean (Democratic-Republican) 71.3% Ethan Stone (Federalist) 16.6% John Bigger (Federalist) 10.7% Othneil Looker (Democratic-Republican) 1.4% | ||
Ohio 2 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Alexander (Democratic-Republican) 38.5% John W. Campbell (Democratic-Republican) 35.6% Thomas Morris (Democratic-Republican) 25.9% | ||
Ohio 3 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. Successor resigned April 5, 1813, after the new Congress began but before it first met, leading to a special election, see above. |
√ Duncan McArthur (Democratic-Republican) 99.9% | ||
Ohio 4 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James Caldwell (Democratic-Republican) 51.5% Bazaleel Wells (Federalist) 43.1% James Pritchard (Democratic-Republican) 5.4% | ||
Ohio 5 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James Kilbourne (Democratic-Republican) 24.5% Robert J. Slaughter 23.3% Robert Cloud 17.3% Joseph Foos 13.2% William W. Irvin 12.5% Joseph H. Crane 8.9% | ||
Ohio 6 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John S. Edwards (Federalist) 60.0% Reasin Beall (Democratic-Republican) 38.4% |
There was aspecial election in the 6th district, held due to the death of Representative-elect John S. Edward before Congress met. That election was won by Reasin Beall.
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania gained five seats in the House of Representatives as a result of the Census of 1810, which awarded it a total of 23 seats. Pennsylvania was re-districted into 15 districts, one with 4 seats, five with 2, and the remaining nine with 1 seat each. There were seven open seats for this election, five resulting from the increase in apportionment, and two resulting from the retirement of incumbents. Its elections were held October 13, 1812.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[10] | |
Pennsylvania 1 Plural district with 4 seats |
Adam Seybert | Democratic-Republican | 1809 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Adam Seybert (Democratic-Republican) 13.7% √ William Anderson (Democratic-Republican) 13.7% √ Charles J. Ingersoll (Democratic-Republican) 13.6% √ John Conard (Democratic-Republican) 13.5% Joseph Hopkinson (Federalist) 11.4% Joseph S. Lewis (Federalist) 11.4% Samuel Harvey (Federalist) 11.4% William Pennock (Federalist) 11.3% |
William Anderson | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
James Milnor | Federalist | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
None (Seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||||
Pennsylvania 2 Plural district with 2 seats |
Roger Davis Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Roger Davis (Democratic-Republican) 26.2% √ Jonathan Roberts (Democratic-Republican) 26.1% Samuel Henderson (Federalist) 23.8% Francis Gardner (Federalist) 23.8% |
Jonathan Roberts | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Pennsylvania 3 Plural district with 2 seats |
Joseph Lefever | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor later resigned, leading to a special election. |
√ James Whitehill (Democratic-Republican) 27.6% √ John Gloninger (Federalist) 26.1% Jacob Bucher (Democratic-Republican) 23.9% Amos Slaymaker (Federalist) 22.4% |
None (Seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. Successor later resigned, leading to a special election. | ||||
Pennsylvania 4 | None (Seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Hugh Glasgow (Democratic-Republican) 58.6% Jacob Eichelberger (Federalist) 41.4% | ||
Pennsylvania 5 Plural district with 2 seats |
Robert Whitehill Redistricted from the 4th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1805 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Robert Whitehill (Democratic-Republican) 27.5% √ William Crawford (Democratic-Republican) 26.9% Edward Crawford (Federalist) 22.9% James Duncan (Federalist) 22.7% |
William Crawford Redistricted from the 6th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Pennsylvania 6 Plural district with 2 seats |
Robert Brown Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Democratic-Republican | 1798 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Robert Brown (Democratic-Republican) 30.5% √ Samuel D. Ingham (Democratic-Republican) 30.4% William Rodman (Federalist) 19.2%[lower-alpha 8] William Lattimore (Federalist) 18.3% Samuel Sitgreaves (Federalist) 1.7% |
William Rodman Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
Pennsylvania 7 | John M. Hyneman Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John M. Hyneman (Democratic-Republican) 59.4% Daniel Rose (Federalist) 40.6% |
Pennsylvania 8 | William Piper Redistricted from the 7th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Piper (Democratic-Republican) 63.5% Samuel Riddle (Federalist) 36.5% |
Pennsylvania 9 | David Bard Redistricted from the 4th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ David Bard (Democratic-Republican) 76.0% John Blair (Federalist) 24.0% |
Pennsylvania 10 Plural district with 2 seats |
George Smith Redistricted from the 5th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Jared Irwin (Democratic-Republican) 23.4% √ Isaac Smith (Democratic-Republican) 22.2% George Smith (Democratic-Republican) 18.8% Daniel Montgomery (Democratic-Republican) 18.3% Nathan Beach (Federalist) 8.6% Enoch Smith (Federalist) 8.6% |
None (Seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||||
Pennsylvania 11 | William Findley Redistricted from the 8th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Findley (Democratic-Republican) 55.3% Thomas Pollock (Federalist) 44.7% |
Pennsylvania 12 | Aaron Lyle Redistricted from the 10th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Aaron Lyle (Democratic-Republican) 73.5% Joseph Pentecost (Federalist) 25.1% Thomas L. Burch (Democratic-Republican) 1.5% |
Pennsylvania 13 | John Smilie Redistricted from the 9th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1792 1794 (Retired) 1798 |
Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Smilie (Democratic-Republican) 60.4% Thomas Meason (Federalist) 39.6% |
Pennsylvania 14 | None (Seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Adamson Tannehill (Democratic-Republican) 48.0% John Woods (Federalist) 39.3% John Wilson (?) 12.7% | ||
Pennsylvania 15 | Abner Lacock Redistricted from the 11th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Abner Lacock (Democratic-Republican) 62.8% Roger Alden (Federalist) 24.8% Robert Moore (Democratic-Republican) 12.4% |
Rhode Island
Rhode Island's apportionment was unchanged. Its elections were held August 25, 1812.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Rhode Island at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Richard Jackson Jr. | Federalist | 1808 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Richard Jackson Jr. (Federalist) 29.3% √ Elisha R. Potter (Federalist) 29.2% Jonathan Russell (Democratic-Republican) 20.8% Isaac Wilbour (Democratic-Republican) 20.7% |
Elisha R. Potter | Federalist | 1808 | Incumbent re-elected. |
South Carolina
South Carolina gained one representative as a result of the 1810 Census, increasing from 8 seats to 9. Its elections were held October 12–13, 1812.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 "Charleston district" |
Langdon Cheves | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Langdon Cheves (Democratic-Republican) 65.3% John Rutledge Jr. (Federalist) 34.7% |
South Carolina 2 "Beaufort district" |
William Lowndes Redistricted from the 4th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Lowndes (Democratic-Republican) 84.5%[lower-alpha 9] Stephen Elliot (Federalist) 15.5%[11] |
South Carolina 3 "Georgetown district" |
None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Theodore Gourdin (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 10] James Ervin (Democratic-Republican) Benjamin Huger (Federalist) | ||
South Carolina 4 "Orangeburgh district" |
None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John J. Chappell (Democratic-Republican) 63.1% Edmund Bacon (Democratic-Republican) 29.5% John Bynum (Democratic-Republican) 7.4% | ||
South Carolina 5 "Newberry district" |
None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ David R. Evans (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed | ||
South Carolina 6 "Abbeville district" |
John C. Calhoun | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed |
South Carolina 7 "Pendleton district" |
Elias Earle Redistricted from the 8th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1805 (Special) 1806 (Lost) 1810 |
Incumbent re-elected. | √ Elias Earle (Democratic-Republican) William Hunter (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] |
South Carolina 8 "Chester district" |
Thomas Moore Redistricted from the 7th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Samuel Farrow (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] James Duff (Federalist) |
South Carolina 9 "Sumter district" |
None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John Kershaw (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] William Mayrant (Democratic-Republican) Charles Richardson (Democratic-Republican) |
Tennessee
Tennessee's representation increased from 3 seats to 6 as a result of the 1810 Census.
Its elections were held April 1–2, 1813, after the term began but before Congress's first meeting.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[lower-alpha 2] | |
Tennessee 1 | John Rhea | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Rhea (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed |
Tennessee 2 | John Sevier | Democratic-Republican | 1790 (in North Carolina) 1790 (Retired) 1811 |
Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Sevier (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed |
Tennessee 3 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. The difference between the top two candidates was a single vote. William Kelly unsuccessfully contested the election. |
√ Thomas K. Harris (Democratic-Republican) 31.3% William Kelly 31.3% James Rogers 21.9% Bird Smith 11.9% James R. Rogers 3.5% | ||
Tennessee 4 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John H. Bowen (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] | ||
Tennessee 5 | Felix Grundy Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Democratic-Republican | 1811 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Felix Grundy (Democratic-Republican) 81.2% Newton Cannon (Democratic-Republican) 18.8% |
Tennessee 6 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Parry W. Humphreys (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] James B. Reynolds (Democratic-Republican) J. B. Wynn[lower-alpha 11] |
Vermont
Vermont gained two seats after the 1810 Census. Rather than re-district, however, Vermont replaced its districts with a single at-large district. It would continue to use an at-large district in 1814, 1816, and 1818, then one more time in 1822 (with 5 seats).
Its elections were held September 1, 1812.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Vermont at-large 6 seats on a general ticket |
Samuel Shaw Redistricted from the 1st district |
Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Richard Skinner (Democratic-Republican) 8.4% √ Ezra Butler (Democratic-Republican) 8.4% √ James Fisk (Democratic-Republican) 8.4% √ Charles Rich 8.4% √ William Strong (Democratic-Republican) 8.4% √ William Czar Bradley (Democratic-Republican) 8.4% Martin Chittenden (Federalist) 8.3% Chauncey Langdon (Federalist) 8.3% Daniel Chipman (Federalist) 8.3% William Chamberlain (Federalist) 8.3% John Noyes (Federalist) 8.3% Jonathan H. Hubbard (Federalist) 8.2% |
William Strong Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
James Fisk Redistricted from the 3rd district |
Democratic-Republican | 1805 1808 (Lost) 1810 |
Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Martin Chittenden Redistricted from the 4th district |
Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold | ||
None (Seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||||
None (Seat created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
Virginia
Virginia gained one seat after the 1810 Census, bringing its representation in the House of Representatives to 23 seats, the largest number Virginia would ever have. Virginia went from having the most representatives to having the second-most tied with Pennsylvania. New York, with its 27 seats, surpassed Virginia and remained the most populous state until the late 1960s.
Its elections were held in April 1813, after the term began but before Congress's first meeting.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[lower-alpha 2] | |
Virginia 1 | Thomas Wilson | Federalist | 1811 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ John G. Jackson (Democratic-Republican) 60.2% Thomas Wilson (Federalist) 39.8% |
Virginia 2 | John Baker | Federalist | 1811 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
√ Francis White (Federalist)[lower-alpha 5] |
Virginia 3 | John Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 82.8% Robert Page (Federalist) 17.2% |
Virginia 4 | William McCoy | Democratic-Republican | 1811 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William McCoy (Democratic-Republican) 57.1% Samuel Blackburn (Federalist) 42.9% |
Virginia 5 | James Breckinridge | Federalist | 1809 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ James Breckinridge (Federalist) 53.5% Martin MacFerrand (Democratic-Republican) 46.5% |
Virginia 6 | Daniel Sheffey | Federalist | 1809 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Daniel Sheffey (Federalist) 74.3% Edward Campbell (Democratic-Republican) 25.7% |
Virginia 7 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Hugh Caperton (Federalist) 53.8% Ballard Smith (Democratic-Republican) 46.2% | ||
Virginia 8 | Joseph Lewis Jr. Redistricted from the 7th district |
Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph Lewis Jr. (Federalist) 57.8% John Love (Democratic-Republican) 42.2% |
Virginia 9 | John Taliaferro Redistricted from the 8th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1801 1803 (Retired) 1811 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Incumbent later unsuccessfully challenged the results. |
√ John P. Hungerford (Democratic-Republican) 50.9% John Taliaferro (Democratic-Republican) 49.1% |
Virginia 10 | Aylett Hawes Redistricted from the 9th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1811 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Aylett Hawes (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] Philip R. Thompson (Democratic-Republican) |
Virginia 11 | John Dawson Redistricted from the 10th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Dawson (Democratic-Republican) 97.7% Stapleton Crutchfield 1.2% |
Virginia 12 | John Roane Redistricted from the 11th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1809 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Roane (Democratic-Republican) 73.0% James Hunter (Federalist) 26.8% |
Virginia 13 | Burwell Bassett Redistricted from the 12th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1805 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
√ Thomas M. Bayly (Federalist) 51.4% Burwell Bassett (Democratic-Republican) 48.6% |
Virginia 14 | William A. Burwell Redistricted from the 13th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1806 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William A. Burwell (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] |
Virginia 15 | Matthew Clay Redistricted from the 14th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Kerr (Democratic-Republican) 46.4% Matthew Clay (Democratic-Republican) 34.0% William Rice (Federalist) 19.6% |
Virginia 16 | John Randolph Redistricted from the 15th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1799 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John W. Eppes (Democratic-Republican) 54.3% John Randolph (Democratic-Republican) 45.7% |
Virginia 17 | James Pleasants Redistricted from the 16th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1811 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ James Pleasants (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] |
Virginia 18 | Thomas Gholson Jr. Redistricted from the 17th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1808 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Thomas Gholson Jr. (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] |
Virginia 19 | Peterson Goodwyn Redistricted from the 18th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Peterson Goodwyn (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] |
Virginia 20 | Edwin Gray Redistricted from the 19th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1799 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 67.3% Edwin Gray (Democratic-Republican) 32.7% |
Virginia 21 | Thomas Newton Jr. Redistricted from the 20th district |
Democratic-Republican | 1799 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Thomas Newton Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 64.8% Swepson Whitehead (Federalist) 35.2% |
Virginia 22 | Hugh Nelson Redistricted from the 21st district |
Democratic-Republican | 1811 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Hugh Nelson (Democratic-Republican)[lower-alpha 5] |
Virginia 23 | John Clopton Redistricted from the 22nd district |
Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Clopton (Democratic-Republican) 63.2% Richard M. Morris (Federalist) |
Non-voting delegates
Four territories had delegates in the 13th Congress: Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi, and Missouri. Illinois Territory and Missouri Territory elected their delegates in 1812 for both the end of the 12th and the start of the 13th Congresses.
District | Incumbent | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|
Indiana Territory at-large | Jonathan Jennings | 1809 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Jonathan Jennings 63.4% Waller Taylor 36.6% |
Mississippi Territory at-large | George Poindexter | 1806 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. |
√ William Lattimore 44.9% Cowles Mead 33.1% Thomas B. Reed 21.9% |
See also
- United States elections, 1812
- List of United States House of Representatives elections, 1789–1822
- 1812 United States presidential election
- United States Senate elections, 1812 and 1813
- 12th United States Congress
- 13th United States Congress
Notes
- Massachusetts law required a majority to elect, which was not met in the 19th district, so a second election was held January 6, 1813.
- Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
- Date given for the start of the term, of the person elected at the special election (source: Congressional Biographical Directory). In some cases this is clearly wrong as the date of the legal start of the Congress is given, even though the member was elected at a later date.
- Party affiliation not listed in source.
- Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source.
- Detailed records not available, said to have won "by a small margin."
- Vote counts not available, won by a margin of 62 votes.
- Changed parties
- Percent based on partial returns.
- Vote totals unavailable, source states that Gourdin won by 174 votes.
- Source does not give full name.
References
- 2 Stat. 669
- Dubin, Michael J. (1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788–1997: The Official Results. McFarland and Company.
- "12th Congress March 4, 1811, to March 3, 1813". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
- "Louisiana 1812 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
- Election details from Ourcampaigns.com
- Sobel, Robert; Raimo, John (1978). Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1789–1978. 1. Westport, Connecticut: Meckler Books. p. 365.
- "Missouri 1812 U.S. House of Representatives (Territorial Delegate)". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
- "Thirteenth Congress March 4, 1813, to March 3, 1815". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
- "Louisiana 1812 U.S. House of Representatives". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
- Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project
- South Carolina-Beaufort 1812
Bibliography
- "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788–1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789–1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)