1886 United States House of Representatives elections

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1886 for Representatives to the 50th Congress, taking place in the middle of President Grover Cleveland's first term.

1886 United States House of Representatives elections
November 2, 1886[lower-alpha 1]
All 325 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives
163 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader John G. Carlisle Thomas Brackett Reed
Party Democratic Republican
Leader's seat Kentucky 6th Maine 1st
Last election 182 seats 141 seats
Seats won 167[1] 152[1]
Seat change 15 11
Popular vote 4,126,909 3,858,355
Percentage 48.12% 44.99%
Swing 1.93% 2.14%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Labor Greenback
Last election 0 seats 1 seat
Seats won 2[1] 1[1]
Seat change 2
Popular vote 92,851 32,358
Percentage 1.08% 0.38%
Swing Pre-creation 0.69%
  Fifth party
 
Party Independent
Last election 1 seat[lower-alpha 2]
Seats won 2[lower-alpha 3]
Seat change 1
Popular vote 178,314
Percentage 2.08%
Swing 1.28%
Map of U.S. House elections results from 1886 elections for 50th Congress
Speaker before election

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

 Elected Speaker

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

As in many midterm elections, Cleveland's Democratic Party lost seats to the opposition Republican Party, although a narrow majority was retained. Many of these Republican pickups were in the industrializing Midwest states, where the debate over tariffs, which were advocated by Republicans to protect domestic industry but opposed by Democrats to allow for free agricultural trade, led to political change. The small Labor Party, supported by industrial workers, gained one seat each in Virginia (Virginia's 6th congressional district) and Wisconsin (Wisconsin's 4th congressional district), while the Greenback Party maintained its one seat in Iowa (James B. Weaver of Iowa's 6th congressional district). John Nichols was also elected as an Independent to North Carolina's 4th congressional district.

Election summaries
State Type Total
seats		 Democratic Republican Others
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 8 8 0 0
Arkansas District 5 5 0 0
California District 6 2 1 4 1 0
Colorado At-large 1 0 1 0
Connecticut District 4 2 2 0
Delaware At-large 1 1 0 0
Florida District 2 2 0 0
Georgia District 10 10 0 0
Illinois District 20 6 4 14 4 0
Indiana District 13 6 3 7 3 0
Iowa District 11 1 2 9[lower-alpha 4] 2 1[lower-alpha 5]
Kansas District 7 0 7[lower-alpha 4] 0
Kentucky District 11 8 2 3 2 0
Louisiana District 6 6 1 0 1 0
Maine[lower-alpha 6] District 4 0 4 0
Maryland District 6 5 1 0
Massachusetts District 12 4 2 8 2 0
Michigan District 11 5 2 6 2 0
Minnesota District 5 3 3 2 3 0
Mississippi District 7 7 0 0
Missouri District 14 12 2 0
Nebraska District 3 1 1 2 1 0
Nevada At-large 1 0 1 0
New Hampshire District 2 1 1 1 1 0
New Jersey District 7 2 1 5 1 0
New York District 34 16 1 18 1 0
North Carolina District 9 7 1 1 1[lower-alpha 7] 1
Ohio District 21 6 5 15 5 0
Oregon[lower-alpha 6] At-large 1 0 1 0
Pennsylvania District
+ at-large		 28 8 20 0
Rhode Island District 2 0 2 0
South Carolina District 7 7 1 0 1 0
Tennessee District 10 8 1 2 1 0
Texas District 11 11 0 0
Vermont[lower-alpha 6] District 2 0 2 0
Virginia District 10 3 5 6 5 1[lower-alpha 8] 1
West Virginia District 4 3 1 0
Wisconsin District 9 1 1 7 1[lower-alpha 8] 1
Total 325 167[1]
51.4%		 16 154[1][lower-alpha 3]
47.4%		 13 4[1]
1.2%		 3
House seats
Democratic
 
 51.38%
Greenback
 
 0.31%
Labor
 
 0.62%
Republican
 
 47.38%
Others
 
 0.31%

There were 2 Labor Party and 1 Independent members elected, and 1 Greenback Party member re-elected in Iowa. The previous election saw just the Greenback elected.

↓
167 6 152
Democratic [lower-alpha 9] Republican
[[File:50 us house membership.png|thumb|450px|
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
  80+% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
]]		 [[File:50 us house changes.png|thumb|450px|
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Labor gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  1-2 Independent gain
  no net change
]]

Special elections
District Incumbent Party First
elected		 Result Candidates
New York 15 Lewis Beach Democratic 1880 Incumbent died August 10, 1886.
New member elected November 2, 1886.
Democratic hold.
Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.

Early election dates

In 1886, three states, with 7 seats among them, held elections early:

California
Main article: 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in California
See also: List of United States Representatives from California, 1886 United States Senate special election in California, and 1887 United States Senate election in California
District Incumbent Party First
elected		 Result Candidates
California 1 Barclay Henley Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold
  • Y Thomas Larkin Thompson (Democratic) 50.2%
  • Charles A. Garter (Republican) 47.2%
  • L. W. Simmons (Prohibition) 2.6%
California 2 James A. Louttit Republican 1884 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • Y Marion Biggs (Democratic) 50%
  • J. C. Campbell (Republican) 47%
  • W. O. Clark (Prohibition) 3%
California 3 Joseph McKenna Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Joseph McKenna (Republican) 53.1%
  • Henry C. McPike (Democratic) 44.6%
  • W. W. Smith (Prohibition) 2.4%
California 4 William W. Morrow Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y William W. Morrow (Republican) 48.7%
  • Frank McCoppin (Democratic) 42%
  • Charles A. Sumner (Independent) 9%
  • Robert Thompson (Prohibition) 0.4%
California 5 Charles N. Felton Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Charles N. Felton (Republican) 48.8%
  • Frank J. Sullivan (Democratic) 48.4%
  • C. Henderson (Prohibition) 1.4%
  • A. E. Redstone (Independent) 1.4%
California 6 Henry Markham Republican 1884 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold
  • Y William Vandever (Republican) 47.3%
  • Joseph D. Lynch (Democratic) 47.1%
  • W. A. Harris (Prohibition) 5.6%

Florida
Main article: 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
See also: List of United States Representatives from Florida and 1887 United States Senate election in Florida
District Incumbent Party First
elected		 Result Candidates
Florida 1 Robert H. M. Davidson Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Charles Dougherty Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Charles Dougherty (Democratic) 53.9%
  • J. C. Greeley (Republican) 44.9%
  • R. B. Norment (Prohibition) 1.2%

New York
See also: List of United States Representatives from New York and 1887 United States Senate election in New York
District Incumbent Party First
elected		 Result Candidates
New York 15 Lewis Beach Democratic 1880 Incumbent died August 10, 1886.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term.

South Carolina
Main article: 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also: List of United States Representatives from South Carolina
District Incumbent Party First
elected		 Result Candidates
South Carolina 1 Samuel Dibble Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 2 George D. Tillman Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 D. Wyatt Aiken Democratic 1876 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 4 William H. Perry Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 5 John J. Hemphill Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6 George W. Dargan Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 7 Robert Smalls Republican 1884 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Non-voting members

Montana Territory
District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Montana Territory at-large Joseph K. Toole Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Joseph K. Toole (Democratic) 55.76%
  • Wilbur Fiske Sanders (Republican) 44.24%[5]

See also

Notes
  1. Three states held early elections between June 7 and September 10.
  2. Including 1 Independent Democrat.
  3. Including 2 Independent Republicans, John Alexander Anderson elected to Kansas's 5th congressional district, and Albert R. Anderson to Iowa's 8th congressional district.
  4. Includes 1 Independent Republican.
  5. Greenback Party
  6. Elections held early.
  7. John Nichols was elected as an Independent to North Carolina's 4th congressional district.
  8. Labor Party
  9. There were 2 Labor members, 2 Independent Republicans, 1 Independent, and 1 Greenback members elected.

References
  1. Martis, pp. 140–141.
  2. https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=732471
  3. Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections. 1975. p. 566.
  4. https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=732469
  5. https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=300406

Bibliography
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