1836 and 1837 United States House of Representatives elections

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 25th Congress were held at various dates in different states from July 1836 to November 1837.

1836 and 1837 United States House of Representatives elections

July 4, 1836 – November 7, 1837[lower-alpha 1]
All 242 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives 122 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader James K. Polk John Bell Party Democratic Whig Leader's seat Tennessee 9th Tennessee 7th Last election 148 seats 80 seats Seats won 132 100 Seat change 12 20 Popular vote 801,767 731,627 Percentage 50.95% 46.50% Swing 1.26% 2.89%   Third party Fourth party   Party Anti-Masonic Nullifier Last election 5 seats 8 seats Seats won 7 2[lower-alpha 2] Seat change 2 6 Popular vote 48,329 1,261 Percentage 3.07% 0.08% Swing 0.05% 1.11%   Fifth party   Party Independent Last election 1 seat Seats won 1[lower-alpha 3] Seat change Popular vote 15,606 Percentage 0.99% Swing 2.23%
Speaker before election James K. Polk Democratic Elected Speaker James K. Polk Democratic

Though Democrat Martin Van Buren was elected President in November 1836, Democrats lost seats. The newly organizing Whigs benefited from regional candidacies and issues and voter fatigue with outgoing two-term President Andrew Jackson. Jackson, a flamboyant public personality with a record of high-profile leadership and historic military success, often clashed with Congress and the Supreme Court. By comparison, Van Buren, a brilliant partisan organizer and political operative, was less charismatic in looks and demeanor. Voter support for the minor Anti-Masonic and Nullifier parties ebbed, but remained significant. One Independent, John Pope, was elected from Kentucky.[1][2][3]

Election summaries

State	Type	↑ Date	Total seats	Anti-Masonic		Democratic [lower-alpha 4]		Independent		Nullifier		Whig [lower-alpha 5]
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Louisiana	Districts	August 1, 1836	3	0		1		0		0		2
Illinois	Districts	August 1, 1836	3	0		3		0		0		0
Missouri	At-large	August 1, 1836	2	0		2	1	0		0		0	1
Vermont	Districts	September 6, 1836	5	0	2	1	1	0		0		4	1
Maine	Districts	September 12, 1836	8	0		6		0		0		2
Georgia	At-large	October 3, 1836	9	0		8	1	0		0		1	1
South Carolina	Districts	October 10–11, 1836	9	0		2		0		6	1	1	1
Ohio	Districts	October 11, 1836	19	0	1	8	1	0		0		11	2
Pennsylvania	Districts	October 11, 1836	28	7	1	18	1	0		0		3
Delaware	At-large	November 8, 1836	1	0		0		0		0		1
New York	Districts	November 7–9, 1836	40	0		30	1	0		0		10	1
Massachusetts	Districts	November 14, 1836	12	0	3	2	1	0		0		10	2
New Jersey	At-large	November 16, 1836	6	0		0	6	0		0		6	6
Late elections (after the March 4, 1837 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire	At-large	March 14, 1837	5	0		5		0		0		0
Connecticut	Districts	April 3, 1837	6	0		6		0		0		0
Virginia	Districts	April 27, 1837	21	0		15	1	0		0		6	1
Maryland	Districts	July 26, 1837	8	0		4		0		0		4
Tennessee	Districts	August 3, 1837	13	0		3	1	0		0		10	1
Indiana	Districts	August 7, 1837	7	0		1	5	0		0		6	5
Kentucky	Districts	August 7, 1837	13	0		1	3	1[lower-alpha 6]	1	0		11	2
Alabama	Districts	August 8, 1837	5	0		3		0		0	1	2	1
North Carolina	Districts	August 10, 1837	13	0		5	2	0		0		8	2
Michigan	At-large	August 22, 1837	1	0		1		0		0		0
Rhode Island	At-large	August 29, 1837	2	0	2	0		0		0		2	2
Later elections (after the September 4, 1837 beginning of special session)
Arkansas	At-large	October 2, 1837	1	0		1		0		0		0
Mississippi	At-large	November 6–7, 1837[lower-alpha 7]	2	0		0	2	0		0		2	2
Total[lower-alpha 8]			242	7 2.9%	9	128 52.9%	15	1 0.4%	1	6 2.5%	2	100 41.3%	25

House seats Anti-Masonic   2.89% Democratic   52.89% Independent   0.41% Nullifier   2.48% Whig   41.32%

Special elections

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

There were special elections in 1836 and 1837 to the 24th United States Congress and 25th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

24th Congress

Note: In some sources, parties are listed as "Democrats" and "Whigs." However, they are listed here as "Jacksonian" and "Anti-Jacksonian" (respectively) to conform to the party names as they were regarded during the 24th United States Congress.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut at-large	Zalmon Wildman	Jacksonian	1835	Incumbent died December 10, 1835. New member elected in early 1836. Jacksonian hold. Successor seated April 29, 1836.[5] Successor also later elected to the next term, see below.	Y Thomas T. Whittlesey (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing]
Connecticut at-large	Andrew T. Judson	Jacksonian	1835	Incumbent resigned July 4, 1836 to become judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut. New member elected in mid-to-late 1836. Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 5, 1836.[5] Successor also later elected to the next term, see below.	Y Orrin Holt (Jacksonian) 51.4% John Brockway (Anti-Jacksonian) 48.6%[6]
North Carolina 12	James Graham	Jacksonian	1833	Seat declared vacant March 29, 1836. Incumbent re-elected August 4, 1836.[7] Anti-Jacksonian gain. Incumbent seated December 5, 1836.[5] Incumbent also later elected to the next term, see below.	Y James Graham (Anti-Jacksonian) 60.13% David Newland (Anti-Jacksonian) 39.87%[7]
South Carolina 4	James H. Hammond	Nullifier	1834	Incumbent resigned February 26, 1836 because of ill-health. New member elected October 10, 1836.[8] Nullifier hold. Successor seated December 19, 1836.[5] Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.	Y Franklin H. Elmore (Nullifier) 100% Unopposed[8]
Pennsylvania 24	John Banks	Anti-Masonic	1830	Incumbent resigned March 31, 1836. New member elected October 11, 1836.[9] Anti-Jacksonian gain. Successor seated December 5, 1836.[5] Successor was not a candidate the same day for the next term, see below.	Y John J. Pearson (Anti-Jacksonian) 57.65% John Findley (Jacksonian) 42.35%[9][10]
South Carolina 8	Richard I. Manning	Jacksonian	1834 (Special)	Incumbent died May 1, 1836. New member elected October 11, 1836.[11] Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 19, 1836.[5] Successor elected the same day for the next term, see below.	Y John P. Richardson (Jacksonian) 59.58% J. G. Bowman (Unknown) 40.42%[11]
Georgia at-large	John E. Coffee	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent died September 25, 1836. New member elected October 30, 1836.[12] Nullifier gain. Successor seated December 26, 1836.[5] Successor had already been elected to the next term, see below.	Y William C. Dawson (Nullifier) 53.03% John W. A. Sanford (Jacksonian) 46.97%[12]
Pennsylvania 13	Jesse Miller	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent resigned October 30, 1836. New member elected November 4, 1836.[13] Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 5, 1836.[5] Successor had not been a candidate for the next term, see below.	Y James Black (Jacksonian) 56.62% Robert Elliott (Anti-Jacksonian) 43.38%[13][10]
Mississippi at-large	David Dickson	Jacksonian	1835	Incumbent died July 31, 1836. New member elected November 7, 1836.[14] Jacksonian hold. Successor seated January 7, 1837.[5] Successor was not later elected to the next term, see below.	Y Samuel J. Gholson (Jacksonian) 52.19% John A. Quitman (Anti-Jacksonian) 47.81%[14]
New York 17	Samuel Beardsley	Jacksonian	1830	Incumbent resigned March 29, 1836. New member elected November 7–9, 1836.[15] Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 5, 1836.[5] Successor was not a candidate the same day for the next term, see below.	Y Rutger B. Miller (Jacksonian) 48.84% Joshua A. Spencer (Anti-Jacksonian) 40.57% Elisha Pettibone (Anti-Monopoly)[15]
New York 30	Philo C. Fuller	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent resigned September 2, 1836. New member elected November 9, 1836.[16] Anti-Jacksonian gain. Successor seated December 6, 1836.[5] Successor was not a candidate the same day for the next term, see below.	Y John Young (Anti-Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing]
New Jersey at-large	Philemon Dickerson	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent resigned November 3, 1836 to become Governor of New Jersey. New member elected November 15–16, 1836.[17] Anti-Jacksonian gain. Successor seated December 5, 1836.[5] Successor was not a candidate the same day for the next term, see below.	Y William Chetwood (Anti-Jacksonian) 50.40% John Travers (Jacksonian) 49.60%[17]
Georgia at-large	George W. Towns	Jacksonian	1834	Incumbent resigned September 1, 1836. New member elected January 2, 1837.[18] Anti-Jacksonian gain. Successor seated January 31, 1837.[5] Successor had already lost election to the next term, see below.	Y Julius C. Alford (Anti-Jacksonian) 53.43% James Liddell (Jacksonian) 46.57%[18]
Indiana 6	George L. Kinnard	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent died November 26, 1836. New member elected January 2, 1837. Anti-Jacksonian gain.[19] Successor seated January 25, 1837.[5] Successor also later elected to the next term, see below.	Y William Herod (Anti-Jacksonian) 51.46% William W. Wick (Jacksonian) 48.54%[19]

25th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Pennsylvania 3	Francis J. Harper	Democratic	1836	Incumbent died March 18, 1837, having just been seated as a new member. New member elected June 29, 1837. Whig gain. Successor seated September 4, 1837.[20]	Y Charles Naylor (Whig) 51.2% Charles J. Ingersoll (Democratic) 48.8%[21]
Mississippi at-large	John F. H. Claiborne	Democratic	1835	Mississippi elected its members in November of odd numbered years (after the beginning of the congressional term). As Congress had been called to meet in September, the governor issued writs for a special election to fill vacancies until the regular election. Incumbents re-elected July 18, 1837. Democratic hold. Incumbent successors presented their credentials and were seated September 4, 1837.[20] At their request the question of the validity of their election was referred to the Committee on Elections. The House decided October 3, 1837 they had been elected for the full term.[lower-alpha 9]	Y John F. H. Claiborne (Democratic) Y Samuel J. Gholson (Democratic) Sergeant S. Prentiss (Whig) Thomas J. Word (Whig)
	Samuel J. Gholson	Democratic	1836 (Special)
Tennessee 4	James I. Standifer	Whig	1823 1825 (Lost) 1827 (Lost) 1829	Incumbent died August 20, 1837. New member elected September 14, 1837.[22] Whig hold. Successor seated October 6, 1837.[20]	Y William Stone (Whig) 27.01% Thomas Brown (Unknown) 20.60% Miles Vernon (Unknown) 17.84% T. Nixon Vandyke (Unknown) 13.51% John Rice (Democratic) 9.85% John Miller (Democratic) 7.28% Archibald R. Turk (Unknown) 3.92%[22]
Ohio 17	Andrew W. Loomis	Whig	1836	Incumbent resigned October 20, 1837. New member elected November 30, 1837.[23] Whig hold. Successor seated December 20, 1837.[20]	Y Charles D. Coffin (Whig) 50.62% George McCook (Democratic) 49.38%[23]

Alabama

See also: List of United States Representatives from Alabama

Arkansas

See also: List of United States Representatives from Arkansas

24th Congress

The new state of Arkansas was admitted to the Union on June 15, 1836 and elected its sole at-large member August 1, 1836. He was seated December 5, 1836,[5] to finish the term that would end the following March.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arkansas at-large	New seat			New member elected.[24] Jacksonian gain. Same member also later elected to the next term, see below.	Y Archibald Yell (Jacksonian) 71.92% William Cummins (Whig) 28.08%[24]

25th Congress

Arkansas elected its member October 2, 1837, this time for a full term.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arkansas at-large	Archibald Yell	1836	Jacksonian	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Archibald Yell (Jacksonian) 62.38% John Ringgold (Whig) 37.62%[25]

Connecticut

See also: List of United States Representatives from Connecticut

Connecticut went from six at-large seats to six districts for the first time. Elections were held April 3, 1837, after the new term began but before the Congress convened. All incumbents from the at-large district were re-elected in districts. [data unknown/missing]

Delaware

See also: List of United States Representatives from Delaware

Georgia

See also: List of United States Representatives from Georgia

Illinois

See also: List of United States Representatives from Illinois

Indiana

See also: List of United States Representatives from Indiana

Kentucky

See also: List of United States Representatives from Kentucky

Louisiana

See also: List of United States Representatives from Louisiana

Maine

See also: List of United States Representatives from Maine

Maryland

See also: List of United States Representatives from Maryland

Massachusetts

See also: List of United States Representatives from Massachusetts

Michigan

See also: List of United States Representatives from Michigan

Mississippi

See also: 1837 Mississippi's at-large congressional district special election, 1838 Mississippi's at-large congressional district special election, and List of United States Representatives from Mississippi

A special election was held in Mississippi on July 17–18, 1837. Its winners were Democrats John F. H. Claiborne and Samuel J. Gholson. The first session of the 25th Congress was a special session beginning on September 4, 1837, extending to October 16. In November, Mississippi held the regular election. Seargent Smith Prentiss, a Vicksburg lawyer and Whig, unexpectedly launched a vigorous, partisan campaign. He and fellow Whig Thomas J. Word won in an upset. Claiborne and Gholson then argued that the July result entitled them to serve full terms. With the Whig Party newly organizing, the closely divided House, in which Anti-Masons, Nullifiers, and the Independent tended to align more with Whigs and to oppose Democrats, agreed to hear Prentiss. He spoke for nine hours over three days, packing the gallery, drawing Senators, and earning a national reputation for oratory and public admiration from leading Whigs including Senators Clay and Webster. The Elections Committee then required a third election. Scheduled for April 1838, it confirmed the November result. Both Whigs were seated in May late in the second session, also serving for the third session.

Missouri

See also: List of United States Representatives from Missouri

New Hampshire

See also: List of United States Representatives from New Hampshire

New Jersey

See also: List of United States Representatives from New Jersey

New York

See also: List of United States Representatives from New York

North Carolina

See also: List of United States Representatives from North Carolina

Ohio

See also: List of United States Representatives from Ohio

Pennsylvania

See also: 1837 Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district special election and List of United States Representatives from Pennsylvania

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[lower-alpha 10][26]
Pennsylvania 1	Joel B. Sutherland	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y Lemuel Paynter (Democratic) 55.3% Joel B. Sutherland (Whig)[lower-alpha 11] 44.7%
Pennsylvania 2 Plural district with 2 seats	Joseph R. Ingersoll	Anti-Jacksonian	1834	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain.	Y John Sergeant (Whig) 63.1% Y George W. Toland (Whig) 63.0% Read Longstreth (Democratic) 37.7% John M. Morris (Democratic) 36.3%
	James Harper	Anti-Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain.
Pennsylvania 3	Michael W. Ash	Jacksonian	1834	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. Harper died March 18, 1837, leading to a special election, which was won by Naylor.	Y Francis J. Harper (Democratic) 50.5% Charles Naylor (Whig) 49.5%
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 3 seats	William Hiester	Anti-Masonic	1830	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Masonic hold.	Y David Potts Jr. (Anti-Masonic)[lower-alpha 12] 53.8% Y Edward Darlington (Anti-Masonic)[lower-alpha 12] 53.6% Y Edward Davies (Anti-Masonic)[lower-alpha 12] 53.6% Samuel Leiper (Democratic) 46.4% John K. Findley (Democratic) 46.3% John W. Cunningham (Democratic) 46.3%
	Edward Darlington	Anti-Masonic	1832	Incumbent re-elected.
	David Potts Jr.	Anti-Masonic	1830	Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 5	Jacob Fry Jr.	Jacksonian	1834	Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.	Y Jacob Fry Jr. (Democratic) 61.9% Daniel M. Mulvaney (Whig) 38.1%
Pennsylvania 6	Mathias Morris	Anti-Jacksonian	1834	Incumbent re-elected as a Whig.	Y Mathias Morris (Whig) 51.4% John Rockman (Democratic) 48.6%
Pennsylvania 7	David D. Wagener	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.	Y David D. Wagener (Democratic) 73.7% Jacob Weygandt (Whig) 26.3%
Pennsylvania 8	Edward B. Hubley	Jacksonian	1834	Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.	Y Edward B. Hubley (Democratic) 54.2% William Audenried (Anti-Masonic) 45.8%
Pennsylvania 9	Henry A. P. Muhlenberg	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.	Y Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (Democratic) 57.5% Henry W. Smith (Whig) 42.5%
Pennsylvania 10	William Clark	Anti-Masonic	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y Luther Reily (Democratic) 50.8% George W. Harris (Whig) 49.2%
Pennsylvania 11	Henry Logan	Jacksonian	1834	Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.	Y Henry Logan (Democratic) 58.2% Jacob Kirk (Whig) 41.8%
Pennsylvania 12	George Chambers	Anti-Masonic	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y Daniel Sheffer (Democratic) 50.5% G. James McSherry (Anti-Masonic) 49.5%
Pennsylvania 13	Jesse Miller	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y Charles McClure (Democratic) 57.5% William Sharon (Whig) 42.5%
Pennsylvania 14	Joseph Henderson	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y William W. Potter (Democratic) 59.6% John Williamson (Anti-Masonic) 38.2% John Ashman (Anti-Masonic) 2.2%
Pennsylvania 15	Andrew Beaumont	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y David Petrikin (Democratic) 52.1% John McReynolds (Whig) 47.9%
Pennsylvania 16	Joseph B. Anthony	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y Robert H. Hammond (Democratic) 59.1% Ebenezer Greenough (A) 40.9%
Pennsylvania 17	John Laporte	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y Samuel W. Morris (Democratic) 60.2% William Jessup (Whig) 39.8%
Pennsylvania 18	Job Mann	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.	Y Charles Ogle (Anti-Masonic) 51.7% Job Mann (Democratic) 48.3%
Pennsylvania 19	John Klingensmith Jr.	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.	Y John Klingensmith Jr. (Democratic) 58.0% James Moorhead (Whig) 42.0%
Pennsylvania 20	Andrew Buchanan	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.	Y Andrew Buchanan (Democratic) 100%
Pennsylvania 21	Thomas M. T. McKennan	Anti-Masonic	1830	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Thomas M. T. McKennan (Anti-Masonic) 52.2% Thomas Ringland (Democratic) 47.8%
Pennsylvania 22	Harmar Denny	Anti-Masonic	1829 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Masonic hold.	Y Richard Biddle (Anti-Masonic) 51.4% Trevanion B. Dallas (Democratic) 48.6%
Pennsylvania 23	Samuel S. Harrison	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y William Beatty (Democratic) 56.5% Joseph Buffington (Whig) 43.5%
Pennsylvania 24	John Banks	Anti-Masonic	1830	Incumbent resigned April 2, 1836. New member elected. Anti-Masonic hold.	Y Thomas Henry (Anti-Masonic) 56.1% John R. Shannon (Democratic) 43.9%
Pennsylvania 25	John Galbraith	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y Arnold Plumer (Democratic) 54.4% David Dick (Whig) 45.6%

Rhode Island

See also: List of United States Representatives from Rhode Island

South Carolina

See also: List of United States Representatives from South Carolina

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 1
South Carolina 2
South Carolina 3
South Carolina 4	James H. Hammond	Nullifier	1834	Incumbent resigned February 26, 1836 because of ill-health. New member elected October 10, 1836. Nullifier hold. Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term.	Y Franklin H. Elmore (Nullifier) 100% Unopposed[27]
South Carolina 5
South Carolina 6
South Carolina 7
South Carolina 8
South Carolina 9

Tennessee

See also: List of United States Representatives from Tennessee

Vermont

See also: List of United States Representatives from Vermont

Virginia

See also: List of United States Representatives from Virginia

See also

• 1836 United States elections
  • List of United States House of Representatives elections, 1824–54
  • 1836 United States presidential election
  • 1836 and 1837 United States Senate elections
• 24th United States Congress
• 25th United States Congress

Notes

1. Not including special elections
2. Ran under the Southern Rights label.
3. Elected as an Independent: John Pope, member from Kentucky.
4. Previously Jacksonian
5. Previously Anti-Jacksonian
6. John Pope won as an Independent and would run later as a Whig.
7. After a disputed result, an April 23–24, 1838 second election confirmed the result of regular election.
8. Does not include state results listed above due to special election and Independent Representative.[4]
9. The decision was later recinded, leading to a new special election.
10. For plural districts, percent is based on assumption that each voter cast as many votes as there are seats.
11. Changed parties
12. Joint Whig/Anti-Masonic ticket

References

1. Dubin, p. 117.
2. Martis, p. 94.
3. Moore, p. 966.
4. "Error Document". history.house.gov.
5. "Twenty-Fourth Congress March 4, 1835, to March 3, 1837". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
6. Guide to U.S. Elections, p. 566
7. "NC District 12 - Special Election". December 15, 2006. Retrieved August 13, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
8. "SC - District 04 Special Election". November 17, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
9. "PA District 24 - Special Election". June 2, 2007. Retrieved August 13, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
10. Dubin, p. 113.
11. "SC - District 09 Special Election". November 19, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
12. "GA At-Large - Special Election". February 15, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
13. "PA District 13 - Special Election". January 10, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
14. "MS - At Large Special Election". February 5, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
15. "NY District 17 - Special Election". April 22, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
16. "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details". bioguideretro.congress.gov.
17. "NJ At-Large - Special Election". February 13, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
18. "GA At-Large - Special Election". February 15, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
19. "IN - District 06 Special Election". January 23, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
20. "Twenty-fifth Congress March 4, 1837, to March 3, 1839". Historian of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
21. http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/rep/Congress%201836.pdf
22. "TN - District 04 Special Election". February 10, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
23. "OH District 17 - Special Election". May 8, 2006. Retrieved August 14, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
24. "AR - At Large - Initial Election". October 28, 2007. Retrieved August 13, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
25. "AR At-Large". Retrieved May 18, 2020 – via OurCampaigns.com.
26. "Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project" (PDF).
27. "SC - District 04". November 17, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.

Bibliography

• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)