Zakhring language

Zahkring (also Eastern Mishmi, Zaiwa, or Meyor) is a small language of Arunachal Pradesh in India.

Not to be confused with Zaiwa language.
Zakhring
Meyor
Native toIndia
RegionArunachal
EthnicityZekhring people
Native speakers
900 (2002–2007)
possibly Sino-Tibetan (Midzuish or East Bodish), or a language isolate
  • Zakhring
Language codes
ISO 639-3zkr
Glottologzakh1243[1]

Zakhring has been classified as a Midzuish language.[2] Blench and Post (2011) consider Zakhring to be an East Bodish language that has been influenced by Midzu (classified as a language isolate in this paper) or other divergent languages of the region.[3] In 2015, Blench suggests that Zakhring may be a language isolate.[4] Blench argues that Zakhring had borrowed heavily from Midzu and Tibetic, and then later borrowed from Naga languages and Jingpho as well.

A closely related language called Zha (Zhahua 扎话) is spoken in China.[5]

Classification within Sino-Tibetan

Scott DeLancey (2015)[6] considers Meyor to be part of a wider Central Tibeto-Burman group.

Names

Li & Jiang (2001)[5] reports that the Zakhring have no actual autonym, but are referred to by the neighboring Taraon, Kaman language, Idu, and Tibetan peoples by various names.

  • tɕa31 kʰreŋ55 (Taraon exonym)
  • tɕa31 kʰɹɯn55 (Kaman exonym)
  • tsa35 tɕoŋ55 (Tibetan exonym)
  • mi31 si55 pu53 (Idu exonym; the Idu are located in Upper Zayü Township 上察隅乡)

According to Li & Jiang (2001), the Kaman exonym for the Tibetan people of Bomi County 波密县 is si31 dut55 pu55. The Taraon refer to the Tibetans as la31 ma35, while the Kaman refer to the Tibetans as de31 loŋ55.

Distribution

In China, Zakhring is spoken in Songgu 松古村, Lading 拉丁村, and Tama 塔玛村 villages in Lower Zayü Township 下察隅乡, Zayü County 察隅县, Tibet (Li & Jiang 2001).

In India, Meyor communities are found in the following 15 villages of Kibthoo Circle and Walong Circle of Anjaw District, Arunachal Pradesh. The total population of the villages numbered 376 as of May 2001 (Landi 2005:1).

  • Kibthoo Circle
    • 1. Kahao
    • 2. Mosai
    • 3. Danbari
    • 4. Kundan
    • 5. Khroti
    • 6. Yaikung
    • 7. Bara Kundan 8.Kunjuk
  • Walong Circle
    • 1.Walong
    • 2. Tinai
    • 3. Dong
    • 4. Tilam
    • 5. Sapkung
    • 6. Pangung
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See also

References
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Zakhring". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. George van Driem (2001) Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill.
  3. Blench, Roger; Post, Mark (2011), (De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconstructing the evidence (PDF)
  4. Blench, Roger (2013-05-26), The classification of Meyor
  5. Li Daqin [李大勤] & Jiang Huo [江获]. 2001. "A sketch of Zha" [扎话概况]. Minzu Yuwen 民族语文 2001(6): 61-75.
  6. DeLancey, Scott. 2015. "Morphological Evidence for a Central Branch of Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan)." Cahiers de linguistique - Asie oriental 44(2):122-149. December 2015. doi:10.1163/19606028-00442p02
  • Landi, Victor. 2005. The Meyors and their language. Itanagar: Directorate of Research, Arunachal Pradesh Government.
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