Yōgaiyama Castle

Yōgaiyama Castle (要害山城, Yōgaiyama-jō) was a Sengoku period yamajiro located in Kai Province (present day Yamanashi Prefecture), constructed in the 1520s by the Takeda clan. Since 1991, the site has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1938.[1]

Yōgaiyama castle
要害山城
Kōfu, Yamanashi, Japan
Yōgaiyama
Coordinates	35°42′10.93″N 138°35′53.61″E
Type	Yamashiro-style Japanese castle
Site information
Condition	ruins
Site history
Built	1520
Built by	Takeda Nobutora
In use	1520-1600
Materials	Wood, earthwork

Background

The Takeda clan was a cadet branch of the Minamoto clan, and gradually gained control over Kai Province from the late Heian period from their bases at Hakusan Castle and Yato Castle. From the Kamakura period to the Sengoku period, they were the shugo of Kai Province, and Takeda Nobutora (1493-1573) selected a location near the center of the province to build his fortified residence and jōkamachi in 1519. This was the Tsutsujigasaki in what is now the city of Kōfu. Although a strongly-fortified manor house, its primary defenses were moats, and it was considered unsuitable to withstanding a siege. Nobutora therefore fortified a nearby 770 metres (2,530 ft) mountain, Yōgaiyama, as a supporting castle and final redoubt with wooden ramparts and earthenworks defenses and built a signal tower on its summit.

Description

Yōgaiyama Castle occupies a narrow ridge, and consists of 20 terraces cut into the hillside. The route does not climb directly between terraces, but wanders back-and-forth, so as to expose any enemy to attack by defenders in the terrace above. The inner bailey is a rectangular area 80 x 30 meters at the highest point of the mountain, and was surrounded by clay walls. The enclosure has gates on its eastern and western sides. The total length of the castle is over 500 meters.

History

On 16 October 1521, Takeda Nobutora defeated Fukushima Hyōgo, Imagawa Ujichika's general, at the Battle of Iidagawara.[2] Nobutora faced an invasion of a 15,000-man army from neighboring Suruga Province led by Imagawa clan general Fukushima Masanari in support of the rebellion of the Ōi clan against Takeda rule. Nobutora sent his wife, the daughter of Ōi Nobusato, to the Yogaiyama Castle for safekeeping. She gave birth to a son the day before Nobutora defeated the invasion at the Battle of Iidagawara, and in celebration of the event, Nobutora named the son, the future Takeda Shingen, “Katsuchiyo”.

In 1576, Takeda Shigen ordered that the fortifications be repaired. After the fall of the Takeda clan, the castle was controlled by a succession of retainers of Tokugawa Ieyasu, followed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, one of whom, Katō Mitsuyasu, made some further modifications to the defenses. However, after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, the castle was abandoned.

At present, all that remains of the castle are some foundation stones and remnants of earthenworks of the motte-and-bailey structures. The castle was listed as one of the Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles in 2017.[3]

See also

• List of Historic Sites of Japan (Yamanashi)

References

1. "要害山". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
2. Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. Cassell & Co. p. 208. ISBN 1854095234.
3. "続日本100名城" (in Japanese). 日本城郭協会. Retrieved 25 July 2019.

• Motoo, Hinago (1986). Japanese Castles. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 200 pages. ISBN 0-87011-766-1.
• Inoue Munekazu. Nihon no Meijo. Yuzankaku publishing (1992). ISBN 4639011075