Wulguru language

Wulguru
	Manbara
Region	Townsville, Queensland
Ethnicity	Manbarra (Wulgurukaba)
Extinct	1900?[1]
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Dyirbalic Nyawaygic Wulguru; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	None (mis)
Linguist List	qgu
Glottolog	wulg1239[2]
AIATSIS[3]	Y135

Wulguru, or Manbara, also spelt Manbarra, is an Australian Aboriginal language, now extinct, that was spoken by the Wulgurukaba (or Manbarra) people around the area around present day Townsville, Queensland, on the east coast of Australia. The range of Wulguru dialects known to have been around the area include two varieties mentioned from Palm Island, two from the Cleveland Bay area, and various dialects from Townsville.

Palm Island and Townsville

Classification

Wulguru seems to be a Pama–Nyungan language that was typical for the sort found on the eastern Australian coast. Wulguru ceased to be spoken before it was properly documented, and as a result much of what linguists know of the language is fragmentary.

Possible dialect names include Mulgu, Buluguyban, Wulgurukaba, Coonambella, Nhawalgaba.[4]

Phonology

Consonants of Wulguru[5]
	Peripheral		Laminal		Apical
	Labial	Velar	Palatal	Dental	Alveolar
Stop	p	k	c	t̪	t
Nasal	m	ŋ	ɲ	n̪	n
Lateral					l
Trill					r
Approximant	w		j		ɹ

Wulguru has three vowels; /i/, /u/, and /a/. Length distinctions exist for all vowels.[5]

Notes

Wulguru at MultiTree on the Linguist List
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Wulguru". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Y135 Wulguru at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxiii.
Donohue, Mark. n.d. Wulguru: A salvage study of the north-eastern Australian language from Townsville. (Languages of the World/Materials.) Lincom Europa.

gollark: Or not?

gollark: It looks for b, e, e in order.

gollark: * 3

gollark: Can I premake esolang for round 2?

gollark: Orbital esolang discussion lasers inbound.

References

Donahue, Mark (2007). "Introduction" (PDF). Wulguru: a salvage study of a north-eastern Australian language from Townsville. Munich: LINCOM. pp. 1–4. ISBN 978-3-89586-327-1.

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[linglist-1] Wulguru at MultiTree on the Linguist List

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Wulguru". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[AIATSIS-3] Y135 Wulguru at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

[4] Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxiii.

[:0-5] Donohue, Mark. n.d. Wulguru: A salvage study of the north-eastern Australian language from Townsville. (Languages of the World/Materials.) Lincom Europa.