Wombridge Canal

The Wombridge Canal was a tub-boat canal in Shropshire, England, built to carry coal and iron ore from mines in the area to the furnaces where the iron was extracted. It opened in 1788, and parts of it were taken over by the Shrewsbury Canal Company in 1792, who built an inclined plane at Trench. It lowered tub boats 75 feet (23 m), and remained in operation until 1921, becoming the last operational canal inclined plane in the country. The canal had been little used since 1919, and closed with the closure of the plane.

Stourbridge Extension Canal
Remains of a bridge over the infilled canal at Wrockwardine Wood in 1963
Specifications
Statusdestroyed
History
Principal engineerWilliam Reynolds
Date completed1788
Date closed1921
Geography
Connects toShrewsbury Canal, Donnington Wood Canal
Shropshire Tub Boat Canals
 Shropshire Union Canal
 Pave Lane
 Lilleshall limeworks
 Donnington Wood Canal
 Lilleshall Branch
 Humber Branch
 Newport Canal
 Old Yard Junction
 Wrockwardine Wood plane
 Wombridge Canal
 Trench Branch
 Wombridge mines
 Ketley Canal
 Snedshill Tunnel
 Shrewsbury Canal
 Stirchley Tunnel
 Horsehay Branch
 Windmill inclined plane
 Shropshire Canal
 Hay Inclined Plane
 Coalport wharf
 River Severn

History

Iron ore and coal were mined at Wombridge,[1] near to the church. In order to transport it to the furnaces at Donnington Wood, William Reynolds started to build a tub-boat canal in 1787. It was completed in 1788, at a cost of £1,640 and was 1.75 miles (2.82 km) long, connecting with both the furnaces and the Donnington Wood Canal.[2] A curious feature of the canal was the tunnel which was constructed near to the church. There is no obvious reason for it, and it has been suggested that it was built to placate a local landowner.[3] Another feature was an iron bridge, built in sections, which carried Teague's Bridge Lane over the canal.[4] In 1792, an Act of Parliament created the Shrewsbury Canal Company, with powers to build a canal from Wombridge to Shrewsbury. The company bought 1,848 yards (1.690 km) of the canal at a cost of £840. Although this price was considerably less than the cost of construction, Reynolds was both a shareholder and a director of the new company, and the Act specifically waived any tolls for his own internal traffic.[2] It is also likely that he had exhausted the supplies at minerals at Wombridge by this time.[5]

The new company constructed an inclined plane, to transport tub boats from the level of the Wombridge canal, down to that of the Shrewsbury canal. It was 243 feet (74 m) long, with a fall of 75 feet (23 m). It consisted of twin railway tracks, each with a cradle in which a single tub-boat was carried. Power was provided by an engine supplied by the Coalbrookdale Company. This was replaced in 1842 by a new engine that lasted for 79 years, until the final demise of the incline on 31 August 1921. Most of the working traffic was in the downward direction of the incline, and was counterbalanced by empty tub-boats returning up to the top level.[6] The inclined plane was the last operational canal plane in the country.[7]

A prominent feature near the top of the incline was the Wombridge Pumping Engine house. This was a Cornish type, with a tall chimney, and was erected in 1858, to pump water from the mines. The main cylinder was 60 inches (150 cm) in diameter, with a 10-foot (3.0 m) stroke, and it lifted water from a depth of around 600 feet (180 m). The engine developed 250 hp (190 kW) and normally ran slowly, raising 3,338 imperial gallons (15.17 m3) of water per minute, in three strokes. When running at maximum speed, it could achieve eleven strokes per minute.[8]

Industry
Bullock's Mill, built beside the canal in 1818, has now been converted into apartments. The canal ran behind the building.

Prior to selling the canal to the Shrewsbury Canal company, Reynolds' sons, William and Joseph, erected a glass house near to Church Road Bridge, just to the south of the current Wrockwardine Wood church building. They made a variety of objects from dark green glass, including door-stops, rolling pins, jugs and bottles for French wine manufacturers. They flourished for over 40 years, until the factory closed between 1835 and 1842. Less than 300 yards (270 m) to the west, John Bullock erected a corn mill by the side of the canal in 1818. It produced flour, and the company continued to be run by the Bullock family until the 1940s, after which it was run by new owners.[5] The building was constructed of red brick, and powered by a steam engine. The original building had two storeys, but a new four-storey structure was added to the rear in 1891.[9] The business closed in the 1970s and the mill has since been converted into apartments.[10]

The third industrial enterprise was owned by James Foster, who built two furnaces at Wombridge in 1818. He added a third furnace sometime before 1843, when he closed the operation and moved it to Madeley Court. In 1854, John Bennett, working for the Wombridge Iron Company, reopened it, and added a forge. It continued in use until 1900, producing wire and wire rods.[11]

Decline

In 1919, new furnaces were built at Wombridge and most of the rest of the canal fell into decline from then onwards. The canal was abandoned in 1921 when the inclined plane was closed. In 1968, material from the embankment and docks of the inclined plane was used to fill in the basin, destroying what remained.[2] The Wombridge engine house survived the demise of the inclined plane, but was destroyed on 27 December 1964, when 82 pounds (37 kg) of gelignite were used to demolish it.[8]

Points of interest

Bibliography
  • Baggs, A P; et al. (1985). "Wombridge: Communications". A History of the County of Shropshire. Victoria County History. Vol. 11. Telford.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Brown, Ivor (2010). "Some Notes on the Mines of the Lilleshall Company, No.5" (PDF) (Autumn Issue No. 2010.3). Journal of the Shropshire Caving & Mining Club. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Ware, Michael E (1989). Britain's Lost Waterways. Moorland Publishing. ISBN 978-0-86190-327-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Williams, W Howard (1980). Shropshire Canals (A collection of articles). Shropshire Libraries. ISBN 978-0-903802-11-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

References
  1. 52.697°N 2.455°W / 52.697; -2.455 (Wombridge Iron ore mine)
  2. "Wombridge Canal". Shropshire History. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
  3. "Wombridge to Donnington Wood". Oakengates History. Archived from the original on 5 July 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
  4. Baggs 1985, pp. 284-285.
  5. Williams 1980, p. 61.
  6. "Trench Inclined Plane". Shropshire History. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
  7. Ware 1989, p. 75.
  8. Brown 2010, p. 7.
  9. Historic England. "The Mill (1292872)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  10. "Wappenshall Church" (PDF). Shrewsbury & Newport Canals Trust. 2009. p. 10. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  11. Williams 1980, pp. 61-62.
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