Runcorn and Weston Canal

The Runcorn and Weston Canal was a short canal near Runcorn in Cheshire, England, constructed to link the Weston Canal, which is part of the River Weaver Navigation, to the Bridgewater Canal and Runcorn Docks. It was completed in 1859, but was little used. Around half of it became the Arnold Dock in 1876, when it was made wider and deeper, and linked to Fenton Dock by a ship lock. The dock section and some of the remaining canal were filled in during the 1960s, and the remainder is in a derelict state.

Runcorn and Weston Canal
The derelict entrance to the canal from the Weston Canal
Specifications
Maximum boat length	72 ft 3 in (22.02 m)
Maximum boat beam	18 ft 5 in (5.61 m)
Locks	2
Status	Derelict, part infilled
History
Original owner	Earl of Ellesmere
Date of act	1853
Date completed	1859
Date closed	1939
Geography
Start point	Weston Docks
End point	Runcorn Docks
Connects to	Bridgewater Canal, Weaver Navigation

Runcorn and Weston Canal
Manchester Ship Canal Old line of locks... ...Bridgewater Canal Old Dock/Coal basin/Old Basin New line of locks Runcorn Docks (Tidal Dock) Alfred Dock Francis Dock Fenton Dock pre-1876 lock Arnold Dock lock filled in section Arnold Dock post-1876 lock Runcorn Dock railway Runcorn and Weston Canal Dock lock 5 Weston Point Docks derelict section R&W entrance lock Weston Marsh Lock Manchester Ship Canal Weston Canal Weaver Navigation River Weaver and Sutton Weir Frodsham cut and lock (dis)

History

The idea for a canal to link the Bridgewater Canal to the River Weaver Navigation was first proposed in late 1852, when the Bridgewater's general manager, Fereday Smith, met with the trustees of the Weaver. Its purpose was to aid the transfer of salt between the two systems.[1] The canal was authorised by an Act of Parliament passed on 14 June 1853, which specified that the canal was to run from Francis Dock, which was connected to the Duke of Bridgewater's Canal at Runcorn, to a junction with the River Weaver Navigation or Weston Canal at Weston Point.[2] It was to be privately funded by the Earl of Ellesmere, who could sell it to his trustees once it was built and then charge tolls for its use. The Earl died in 1857, when the canal was only partly built, and a new Act of Parliament was required, as the trustees did not have powers to deal with the new Earl. The second Act enabled them to buy the unfinished canal and complete its construction. The cost of this work was restricted to £40,000.[1] The length of the canal was about 1.4 miles (2.3 km), with a lock at either end,[3] suitable for boats which were 72.2 by 18.4 feet (22.0 by 5.6 m). The work was completed in 1859, but the canal seems to have been little used, as traffic figures for 1883 indicate that only 4,400 tons of salt travelled along the canal, out of a total of 36,400 tons which arrived at Runcorn Docks from the River Weaver.[1]

When first built, there was a lock near to the junction with the Weston Canal, and another where the canal joined Francis Dock at Runcorn.[4] This end of the canal was changed as a result of work carried out in 1876. The Bridgewater Canal Company turned the first section into a ship basin, by increasing the depth to 15 feet (4.6 m). They also made it 14 feet (4.3 m) wider and built wharves along the side nearest to the Mersey. Runcorn lock was moved along the canal to the end of the widened section, close to Weston Point Docks. The ship basin was called Arnold Dock, and was connected to Fenton Dock by a large lock with three sets of gates, allowing ships up to 120 by 26 feet (36.6 by 7.9 m) with a draught of 15 feet (4.6 m) to moor and unload in the basin. The docks prospered, handling 500,000 tons in total during 1877, although the proportion moving along the canal was relatively small.[5] The original lock into Francis Dock appears to have been retained for a while[6] but by 1907 the gates had been removed,[7] since Francis Dock and Arnold Dock were maintained at one level, while Fenton Dock, Alfred Dock, Tidal Dock and Old Dock were maintained at a lower level.[8]

With the coming of the Manchester Ship Canal, its function continued, as the large shipping using that canal was also a hazard to the smaller canal boats. The canal remained navigable until the early 1960s: the author John Seymour, in his book Voyage into England, described a difficult 1963 journey up the almost-dry canal at which time a Manchester Ship Canal official commented that it had been "physically, as well as officially" closed for a year.[9] The flights of locks from the Bridgewater Canal down to Runcorn Docks were filled in when the Runcorn-Widnes road bridge was constructed in 1966.[10] About half of the Runcorn and Weston Canal was filled in at the same time. The southern half remains in water, but is in a derelict state.

In 2015 the Runcorn Locks Restoration Society launched its Unlock Runcorn campaign, which is dedicated to reopening the flight of locks in Runcorn's Old Town.[11] The society believes that the increase in passing boat trade that would come from reopening the locks has the potential to bring economical, recreational and social benefits to people within the region.[12]

Today

The new flight of locks from the Bridgewater Canal was abandoned in 1966, but the old flight was left in place and covered over. Its line is protected by the local council, and there are plans to re-open the locks.[13] This would almost certainly result in the Runcorn and Weston Canal being reopened, in order to provide somewhere for pleasure craft which have descended the flight to go without having to negotiate passage on the Manchester Ship Canal.[14] Peel Ports, owners of the Manchester Ship Canal, have eased the restrictions on pleasure boats wishing to cruise the Ship Canal, requiring advance notice and a simple 'seaworthiness' survey.[15] Boats on the Shropshire Union Canal can reach Weston Marsh Lock by joining the Ship Canal at Ellesmere Port, or a longer journey is possible from the Bridgewater Canal, which connects to the Ship Canal at the Manchester end by a lock into Pomona No. 3 Dock.[16]

Points of interest

Point	Coordinates (Links to map resources)	OS Grid Ref	Notes a
Pre-1876 lock into Francis Dock	53.3367°N 2.7533°W / 53.3367; -2.7533 (Pre-1876 lock into Francis Dock)	SJ499824
Lock into Fenton Dock	53.3366°N 2.7540°W / 53.3366; -2.7540 (Lock into Fenton Dock)	SJ498824
Post-1876 lock into Arnold Dock	53.3320°N 2.7585°W / 53.3320; -2.7585 (Post-1876 lock into Arnold Dock)	SJ495819
Jn with Weston Canal	53.3243°N 2.7582°W / 53.3243; -2.7582 (Jn with Weston Canal)	SJ495810

See also

• Canals of Great Britain
• History of the British canal system

References

1. Hadfield & Biddle 1970, pp. 358–359
2. Watts 1854
3. Cumberlidge 2009, p. 387
4. Ordnance Survey, 1:2500 map, 1880
5. Hadfield & Biddle 1970, pp. 365–367
6. Ordnance Survey, 1:2500 map, 1893/99
7. Ordnance Survey, 1:2500 map, 1907
8. Hadfield & Biddle 1970, p. 367
9. Seymour 1966, p. 73
10. Nicholson 2006, p. 22
11. "Unlock Runcorn. Be part of it!". Dial2Donate. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
12. "Unlock Runcorn". Retrieved 19 August 2015.
13. "About Us". Runcorn Locks Restoration Society. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
14. Pomfret, John (Spring 2004), A Mersey Waterways Vision: Some Personal Ideas, Canal Cuttings, 5, Sankey Canal Restoration Society, p. 8, archived from the original on 24 May 2011, retrieved 7 March 2010
15. Safety Guidance for Small Boat Passage of the River Mersey (PDF), British Waterways and Peel Ports, November 2009, p. 12, archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2011, retrieved 7 March 2010
16. Cumberlidge 2009, p. 185

Bibliography

• Cumberlidge, Jane (2009). Inland Waterways of Great Britain (8th ed.). Imray Laurie Norie and Wilson. ISBN 0-85288-355-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hadfield, Charles; Biddle, Gordon (1970). The Canals of North West England (Vol 2). David and Charles. ISBN 0-7153-4992-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Nicholson (2006). Nicholson Guides (Vol 5): North West and the Pennines. Harper Collins Publishers. ISBN 978-0-00-721113-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Seymour, John (1966). Voyage into England. David and Charles. ISBN 978-0-7153-4081-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Watts, Francis (1854). Bulletins and Other State Intelligence for the year 1853. Harrison and Sons.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)