Wilton, Wiltshire

Wilton is a town and civil parish in Wiltshire (of which it was once the county town), England, with a rich heritage dating back to the Anglo-Saxons. Carpets have been manufactured at Wilton since the 18th century. Today it is overshadowed by its larger neighbour, Salisbury, but it still has a range of notable shops and attractions, including Wilton House.

Wilton

St Mary & St Nicholas' parish church
Wilton
Location within Wiltshire
Population3,579 (2011 census)[1]
OS grid referenceSU096312
Civil parish
  • Wilton
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townSalisbury
Postcode districtSP2
Dialling code01722
PoliceWiltshire
FireDorset and Wiltshire
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
WebsiteTown Council

The confluence of the rivers Wylye and Nadder is at Wilton.

History

The history of Wilton dates back to the Anglo-Saxons in the 8th century AD, and by the late 9th century it was the capital of Wiltunscire, a shire of the Kingdom of Wessex. It remained the administrative centre of Wiltshire until the 11th century. Wilton was of significant importance to the church, with the founding of Wilton Abbey in AD 771 amongst other establishments. In AD 871 Alfred the Great fought and lost an important battle here against the Danish armies, leaving him in retreat for several years.[2]

Despite further attacks, Wilton remained a prosperous town, as recorded in the Domesday book.[3] The building of Salisbury Cathedral nearby, however, caused Wilton's decline, as the new site of Salisbury, with a new bridge over the River Avon, provided a convenient bypass around Wilton on the trade routes.

Wilton Abbey was surrendered to Henry VIII in 1539 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and in 1541 much of the estate was granted to Earl William Herbert of Pembroke, who began to build Wilton House.

The Old Courtyard, Wilton Shopping Village. Part of the former Wilton carpet factory site now used as a shopping outlet

By the 17th century, weaving had become a busy trade, and the carpet industry began in 1741 when two French weavers were brought in by Earl Henry Herbert of Pembroke to teach the local people new skills. Carpet weaving prospered until 1815, when peace following the Napoleonic Wars introduced European competition. Machinery to produce Axminster carpets was installed in 1835.[4] The Wilton Royal Carpet Factory was founded at the turn of the century, with the help of the then Lord Pembroke, to rescue the previous carpet factory that had fallen into financial difficulty. The factory continued to operate until 1995, when it closed temporarily after a takeover. The factory re-opened, although it was unable to retain the Wilton Royal prefix.[2]

An outbreak of smallpox in 1737 killed 132 people.[2]

Wilton had two railway stations. One (later known as Wilton North) was opened by the Great Western Railway in 1856 on their line from Westbury to Salisbury, and another (later known as Wilton South) was opened by the Salisbury and Yeovil Railway in 1859 on the West of England Main Line from London to Exeter. The arrival of the railways led to increased prosperity. The stations closed in 1955 and 1966 respectively; the nearest is now at Salisbury.

Military connections

The headquarters of Land Forces (and predecessors) was at Erskine Barracks, northeast of Wilton, from 1949 to 2010. After the headquarters moved to Marlborough Lines near Andover the site was sold for housing. The site of the headquarters has recently been developed into accommodation for ex-service personnel.

Governance

The boundaries of the modern civil parish originate with the Borough of Wilton defined in 1885.[5] The parish includes the villages of Bulbridge and Ditchampton. In 1894 Wilton absorbed the western part of the neighbouring parish of Fugglestone St Peter, the rest going into a new parish of Bemerton.[6]

The parish elects a town council. It is in the area of Wiltshire Council unitary authority, which is responsible for all significant local government functions.

Wilton is in the 'Wilton and Lower Wylye' electoral division. This division stretches north from Wilton to South Newton. The total division population taken at the 2011 census was 4,806.[7]

Parish church
St Mary and St Nicholas' parish church

The Grade I listed[8] Church of England parish church of St Mary and St Nicholas was built as a replacement for St Mary's Church between 1841 and 1844 at the instigation of the Countess Alexina Sophia Gallot of Pembroke and her younger son, Baron Sidney Herbert of Lea, designed by the architect Thomas Henry Wyatt in the Romanesque style, with considerable Byzantine influences.[9] For a small town, the church is enormous, representing the wealth of its benefactors.

The most notable external feature of the church is the 105 feet (32 m) campanile. Many of the materials used in the church's construction were imported from Europe, including marble columns from Italy and 12th and 13th century stained glass from France.

Bordering areas

Notable people
  • Dudley Cockle (1907–1986), cricketer
  • Edith Olivier (1872–1948), first woman mayor of Wilton, writer
  • Sydney Olivier (1870–1932), cricketer
  • Edward Slow (1841–1925), poet and carriage builder[10]
  • A. G. Street, country author, farmed at Ditchampton Farm, Wilton
gollark: Being able to break the encryption on stuff is less obvious and can be done in bulk on intercepted data.
gollark: I'm an expert on this because I read *multiple* Wikipedia articles.
gollark: People are not idiots, and realized that that could be an issue, so there's work on designing asymmetric encryption schemes (symmetric is mostly safe as far as I know, except for Grover's algorithm) which cannot be broken by quantum computing.
gollark: Which breaks RSA and elliptic curve stuff.
gollark: Quantum computers *cannot* do anything ever a trillion times faster, or something ridiculous like that; they can accelerate some algorithms, for example factoring integers fast and something something discrete logarithm problem.

References
  1. "Parish population 2015". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  2. "Wilton". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  3. Wilton in the Domesday Book
  4. "About Us". Wilton Carpets Commercial. The Wilton Carpet Factory Ltd. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  5. "Victoria County History – Wiltshire – Vol 6 – Wilton: Modern town government and poor relief". British History Online. University of London. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  6. "Victoria County History – Wiltshire – Vol 6 – Fugglestone St Peter". British History Online. University of London. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  7. "Wilton and Lower Wylye ward 2011". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  8. Historic England. "Church of St Mary and St Nicholas (1365914)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  9. "Church of St. Mary and St. Nicholas, Wilton". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  10. Figgetty Pooden, The Dialect Verse of Edward Slow, Ed. John Chandler, Wiltshire Library & Museum Service, 1982, ISBN 0-86080-095-4.
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