White City Greyhounds

White City Greyhounds was the greyhound racing operation held at White City Stadium in London. The venue was regarded as the sport's primary track during its existence.

White City Greyhounds
LocationLondon
Coordinates51°30′48.6″N 0°13′38.5″W
Opened1927
Closed1984

History

Origins

After the 1908 Summer Olympics the White City area was used for further exhibitions but the stadium began to be underused. By 1922 attempts had been made to sell it and it is reputed to have been in a very poor state by 1926. During the Februarys of 1926 and 1927 the stadium was used for the British Industries Fair before the public announcement that the Greyhound Racing Association (GRA) had purchased the stadium following on from the success experienced by the company at the nation's first greyhound meetings in Manchester at Belle Vue Stadium.[1][2]

It would be the GRA’s second stadium and the old running and cycle tracks were grassed over. A new restaurant was built and covered terracing was constructed. The Metropolitan Railway reopened their Wood Lane station in preparation for the race nights.[3]

Opening

The first greyhounds moved into the kennels on 20 May and the first private trial was planned for 30 May with racing starting on 1 June but delays ensued.[4][5] The first meeting finally took place on Monday 20 June 1927 with the first race won by a greyhound called Charlie Cranston. Entry Badge, the 1927 English Greyhound Derby winner, also ran on the opening night. There was a capacity of 93,000 and club house accommodation for 1,000 people more than the original seating capacity in 1908.[6]

The track had a large 498 circumference with long straights of 120 yards described as good sweeping turns suitable for strong galloping type dogs. The hare system was an outside trolley type and the GRA’s finances were helped with the use of an automatic totalisator.[7][8]

1928-1939

The GRA moved its headquarters to White City from Belle Vue and early visitors included the Prince of Wales later King Edward VIII and Prince George, later King George VI.[9]

The English Greyhound Derby was inaugurated in 1927 followed by the Champion Hurdle (renamed the Grand National) the following year. The Oaks (for bitches only) would complete a trio of classic races. The GRA purchased the Hook estate at Northaw some 13 miles from the centre of London. They saw it as the ideal place for GRA trainers to train greyhounds for White City and Harringay Stadium which was their third track to open, and later other London tracks. The 140 acres of park and grassland became famous within the industry.[10]

The Derby competition became the primary target for all greyhound connections. The first winner was Entry Badge who picked up 1,000, he was trained by local trainer Joe Harmon and had won a race on opening night. The following year all qualifying rounds would be held at White City which had not been the case in 1927.[11]

In 1929 Mick the Miller arrived for his first Derby from Ireland and captured the public’s imagination sending greyhound racing into most households in Britain and Ireland. His successful defence of the title one year later drew a 50,000 crowd and the controversial final of 1931 attracted 70,000.[11] Major Percy Brown was installed as Racing Manager (RM) in 1931 arriving from sister track Belle Vue and greyhounds that won the Derby over the following years found fame.

In 1936 the stadium introduced the Wood Lane Stakes and the 'White City', the former would remain an important race throughout the years but the latter was less known despite rewards that came second only to the Derby in terms of prize money. It was an invitation race for the sports top greyhounds but only lasted until the start of the war. In 1937 the Springbok and GRA Stakes was inaugurated for novice hurdlers and stayers respectively. Early track trainers included Leslie Reynolds, William Dixon, Albert Jonas, Les Parry and Harry Buck.[10] A greyhound called Brave Don was the first to be transported to Britain from Ireland by air. He came into the kennels of Leslie Reynolds following a flight from Dublin to Croydon.[12]

In 1938 the track boasted that they had the largest totalisator in the world with 634 issuing machines.[13]

A record 92,000 people attended the 1939 English Greyhound Derby and the tote turnover set new records of £14,341 for a single race and £114,780 for a meeting. Using historic inflation (2015) this equates to £7 million for one meeting.[14][15]

1946-1950

White City was the first track to install a photo finish camera in 1945 and the sport remained a national pastime after the war with the annual tote turnover for White City in 1946 being £17,576,190 (2015 equivalent £661 million).[16]

In 1946 Bahs Choice went undefeated through the Wood Lane Stakes and on 6 June 1946 in a Derby trial, he recorded 28.99 sec to become the first dog in the world to break 29sec over 525 yards. Quare Times broke the track record twice during the 1946 event which led to Major Brown organising a match race between the pair at White City on August Bank Holiday Monday. Quare Times won the race setting a new world record for the 550 yards. Also in 1946 another new event was introduced called the Longcross Cup.[9]

In 1949, three new sea-food bars attract more than 4,000 customers on race nights and the track employs 14 part time staff to cope with the demand.[17]

1950s

White City was featured in numerous films including the 1950 movie The Blue Lamp and one year later Major Percy Brown had to select 48 greyhounds for the Derby from a record 140 entries.[9]

In December 1955 Spanish Battleship travelled to England for the first time for a special match race with Duet leader and Hi There at White City. Pigalle Wonder and Mile Bush Pride won the Derby during the 1950s and the Gimcrack (later called The Challenge) race was introduced in 1959 with the Oaks moving to sister track Harringay.[10]

1960s

In 1964 trainer Randolph Singleton was transferred to White City from Belle Vue and the GRA extended its board by adding Major Percy Brown, John Cearns (son of W.J Cearns) and Charles Chandler Jr. to the directors. Arthur Aldridge former RM of Powderhall Stadium and Belle Vue was brought in as the new White City RM. Camira Flash owned by the Duke of Edinburgh won the Derby for White City for only the third time.[18]

A story broke in 1969 that the GRA had granted an option to Stock Conversion and Investment Ltd to purchase greyhound racing’s premier track White City for redevelopment. The official line was that a new modern White City stadium would be built in the remaining four acres from the existing sixteen. A greyhound reporter called Neil Martin stated this move must spell death to all sport there in time – and in my opinion greyhound racing too Fellow reporter John Bower had a different view that it would create a wonderful new stadium, a view seemingly given substance by GRA announcing that the architects plans were already drawn up. The future of the stadium was unknown.[18][19]

1970s

Patricias Hope won his second Derby and Sherrys Prince won his third consecutive Grand National victory in 1972, an added bonus for White City was the fact that his trainer Colin West had recently joined the track. West and the Cambridgeshire competition had transferred from the recently closed West Ham Stadium.[11][18] In 1972 GRA Director of racing Major Percy Brown retired after 40 years in the sport, his replacement was the Arthur Aldridge.[20] In 1975 the track switched to metres under the supervision of RM Bob Rowe.

1981-1984

During 1982 Bob Rowe relinquished his position to take up the role of chief racing manager of the GRA with John Collins brought in as the new RM. Also in 1982 trainer Joe Pickering (who joined the track in 1956) retired as did Colin West leaving White City two trainers short. They appointed Graham Mann and Frank Melville. Randy Singleton retired soon after.[18]

Closure

The 1969 option to sell to Stock Conversion and Investment Ltd for redevelopment had almost been forgotten due to the fact that racing had continued for another 15 years but in 1984 the redevelopment plans went ahead without plans to build a new stadium. The final Derby took place in late June before the final meeting on 22 September 1984. Hastings Girl trained by Tommy Foster was the last winner and before the month had passed demolition teams had demolished the historic stadium.

The GRA, the company who introduced greyhound racing to Britain had sold the sports premier track which became a collection of BBC buildings.

Competitions

English Greyhound Derby

The stadium had four home trained Derby winners, Entry Badge (1927), Wild Woolley (1932), Greta Ranee (1935) and Camira Flash (1968).

The Oaks

Grand National

Derby Invitation/Consolation

The Cambridgeshire

Longcross Cup

The Longcross Cup was a competition held from 1946 until the stadium closed.[21]

Year Winner Breeding Trainer Time SP
1946 OvertimeWoodrow – Hardwick ElsiePaddy Fortune (Wimbledon)32.037-2
1947 Highland MelodyHarry Spoor (New Cross)32.5010-11f
1948 SheevaunBellas Prince – Honey GalePaddy Fortune (Wimbledon)31.294-7f
1949 SheevaunBellas Prince – Honey GalePaddy Fortune (Wimbledon)31.084-11f
1950 Despot O'LeerBahs Choice – Baytown NightingaleLeslie Reynolds (Wembley)30.582-1
1951 Derryboy BlackbirdMad Tanist – Swiss MissStan Martin (Wimbledon)31.0011-8f
1952 Seal AstraAstras Son – Atomic SealTom Lightfoot (White City)30.284-5f
1953 Oriel OlgaSlaney Record - JanetDal Hawkesley (West Ham)30.607-2
1954 LizetteMaster Captain – Dorothy AnnPaddy Fortune (Wimbledon)31.328-11f
1955 Midnight ColonistHumming Bee – Midnight CandleReg Bosley (Hackney)31.996-1
1956 Yon CassiusMad Astley – Dusky JewelRonnie Melville (Wembley)30.826-5f
1957 Christmas IslandShaggy Lad – Pair of QueensT Harris (Private)30.6411-4
1958 Knock Hill ChieftainGaltee Cleo – Coolkill MistressStan Martin (Wimbledon)30.554-6f
1959 MervilleThe Grand Champion – Fleeting AshKen Appleton (West Ham)30.9613-8f
1960 Prince of SpeedPrince of Bermuda – Seafield BiddyJimmy Jowett (Clapton)30.44100-8
1961 WorkawayThe Grand Champion – Templenoe FireawayGeorge Waterman (Wimbledon)30.75
1962 Dainty SparkHi There – Wild PrincessFred Taylor (White City)30.38
1963 Lucky Joan IIRecorded Course - AstraeaJohn Bassett (Clapton)30.64
1964 Failte MalWelcome Home - MokoBill Dash (Private)30.6211-4
1965 O'LearySolar Prince – Cracked KateJim Hookway (Owlerton)30.66
1966 Wonder HillClopook – The Ivy BarG.Carrigill (Private)31.03
1967 Monalee ChampionCrazy Parachute – Sheila At LastFrank Conlon (Private)29.82
1968 Switch Hitter [22]Rocket Ship - Lannon Lass
1970 TullyallenHi Frequency – Cremona MaidClare Orton (Wimbledon)30.42
1971 Monas FlashForward Flash – Shee Mone41.42
1972 Brookside PrinceTell Nobody – Brookside LouiseFrank Melville (Harringay)41.371-1f
1973 CommuteringDusty Trail – No MabelFrank Melville (Harringay)40.873-1
1974 Westpark MustardNewdown Heather – April MerryTom Johnston Jr. (Wembley)41.034-11f
1975 Westmead BountyWestmead County - HacksawA J Mobley (Private)42.23
1976 Sallys CobblerCobbler – Pineapple JamJohn Bassett (Private)40.855-4f
1977 Fly By NightMoordyk Champion – Fly SnowdropColin West (White City)42.992-1
1978 Black LegendSpectre II – Nora AgainTed Dickson (Slough)41.81
1979 Beaverwood TonyForeign Exchange – Handy HighPaddy Milligan (Private)42.53
1980 Musical LadySage – Cois Na Gorm41.18
1981 Decoy BoomWestmead County – Ka BoomJoe Cobbold (Ipswich)42.20
1982 Alfa My SonAlfa Boy – Tough JackieLeon Steed - Cambridge42.65
1983 The Italian JobCosmic Orbit – Stylish DoloresGunner Smith (Brighton)41.26
1984 Kasama TracButchers Trac- Lady KasamaGeorge Curtis (Brighton)42.02

1946-1970 (550 yards), 1971-1974 (725 yards), 1977-1984 (680 metres)

Wood Lane Stakes

The Wood Lane Stakes was a competition held from 1936 until the stadium closed.[21]

Year Winner Breeding Trainer Time SP
1936 Shove HalfpennyTown Treasure-Princess KarlJack Harvey (Wembley)
1937 Lewis of WaterhallPaddy Fortune (Wimbledon)30.416-1
1938 Demotic MackBeef Cutlet – Kaiti HillCharlie Cross (Clapton)29.857-1
1939 BallyjokerBeef Cutlet – Jeanne of WaterhallSidney Orton (Wimbledon)29.287-4
1946 Bahs ChoiceTokio – Chittering DuchessBob Burls (Wembley)29.4811-10f
1947 Dante IIWell Squared – Olives IdolWilf France Harringay)29.922-1
1948 Priceless BorderClonahard Border - Priceless SandillsLeslie Reynolds (Wembley)29.181-5f
1949 Behattan MarquisCountryman - BehattanBob Burls (Wembley)
1950 Red WindDysertmore Prince – Light BiddyFred Trevillion (Private)29.385-6f
1951 Fancy HeroTrabolgan Prince – Carriganea LassJack Harvey (Wembley)30.235-4f
1952 Seal AstraAstras Son – Atomic SealTom Lightfoot (White City)29.154-9f
1953 Midnight CharlotteRimmells Black – Midnight CradleStan Martin (Wimbledon)29.80100-6
1954 Home LuckTrevs Cutter – Queens WoodFrank Johnson (Private)28.334-9f
1955 Coolkill ChieftainCeltic Chief - Coolkill DarkieJack Harvey (Wembley)29.268-1
1956 Duet LeaderChampion Prince - Derryluskin LadyTom Paddy Reilly (Walthamstow)29.008-13f
1957 Racing DonJim Syder Jr. (Wembley)29.277-1
1958 Beware ChampThe Grand Champion – Beware of MePaddy Fortune (Wimbledon)28.934-1
1959 Pigalle WonderChampion Prince – Prairie PegJim Syder Jr. (Wembley)29.474-7f
1960 Long StoryFlash Jack – I'm YoursJim Syder Jr. (Private)28.832-1
1961 Oregon PrinceKnock Hill Chieftain – Burleighs FancyPhil Rees Sr. (Private)28.90
1962 WestparkHi There - FaoideTom Paddy Reilly (Walthamstow)29.00
1963 WestparkHi There - FaoideTom Paddy Reilly (Walthamstow)29.04
1964 Atomic KnockrourKnockrour Again – Atomic TulipJim Irving (Private)29.01100-8
1965 Booked OutKnock Hill Chieftain – Direct LeadEric Adkins (Private)29.90
1966 Morden MistSuper Orange - Denver HettyClare Orton (Wimbledon)29.45
1967 Double RockPrinter's Present – Dolores DaughterPaddy Milligan (Private)28.94
1968 Yellow PrinterPrinter's Prince – Yellow StreakJohn Bassett (Clapton)28.91
1969 Avondhu IronMad Era – Knock RosePaddy Milligan (Private)29.167-1
1970 TullyallenHi Frequency – Cremona MaidClare Orton (Wimbledon)29.4410-1
1971 LinmareeSpectre II - NevascaColin West (White City)28.85
1972 After the ShowDusty Trail – No MabelJim Singleton Harringay)29.2411-4
1973 Skyhawk MonaleeArkle – Little Play GirlTom Johnston Jr. (Wembley)29.058-15f
1974 MyrtownMyross Again – Longstown LassieEddie Moore (White City, Man)28.688-11f
1975 Sampson FlashClomoney Jet – Eyre PrideTom Johnston Jr. (Wembley)29.98
1976 Princeley MomentMotor Light – Star ExpertWally Ginzel (Wembley)29.4113-2
1977 SwiboMonalee Champion – Damsels SpeckTerry Dartnall (Reading)30.17
1978 Instant GamblerItsachampion – SabrinaBarbara Tompkins (Private)30.42
1979 Our RufusRail Ship – Geraldine GoldJohn Coleman (Wembley)30.02
1980 Jon BarrieClashing – Famous HeartRay Andrews (Leeds)29.99
1981 Corrakelly AirSupreme Fun – Quarry StreakerCharlie Coyle (Private)30.589-4
1982 Chimney SweepViolet Hall – Salubrious LadyRay Andrews (Belle Vue)30.1011-10f
1983 Aglish PoacherKnockrour Slave – Aglish PilgrimJerry Fisher (Reading)29.43
1984 Game BallSand Man – Stay In BusinessJerry Fisher (Reading)29.74

1936-1975 (525 yards), 1976-1984 (500 metres)

The White City

Year Winner Breeding Trainer Time SP
1936 Safe RockDanielli-ABCFred Wilson (Rochester)31.2115-2
1937 Ballyhennessy SandillsWhite Sandills – Soraca DeasSidney Orton (Wimbledon)28.399-4jf
1938 Quarter DayLawyers Fee - House KeeperJoe Harmon (Wimbledon)29.582-1f

1936 (550 yards), 1937 (500 yards), 1937 (525 yards)

G.R.A Stakes

The G.R.A (Greyhound Racing Association) Stakes was a competition held from 1937 until the stadium closed.[23]

Year Winner Breeding Trainer Time SP
1937 Maidens DelightMaidens Boy – Springfield SalJim Syder Sr. (Wembley)42.0311-10f
1939 Gretas RosaryMick The Miller - Greta RaneeEddie Wright Harringay)41.7011-8f
1946 Coynes CastleCastledown Lad – Unequalled LadyKen Newham (Warrington)40.535-2
1949 Alvaston MuirModel Dasher – Alvaston Heather BlueStan Martin (Wimbledon)42.107-4f
1950 Nervous PaddyPaddy The Champion – Elusive BessL M Hiscock (Stamford Bridge)41.093-1
1952 Pass On ExpressTom Lightfoot (White City)45.858-11f
1953 Border LadWally Hancox (Hall Green)47.107-1
1954 Sundown Silver StreamSandown Champion- Knight ShadeJim Syder Jr. (Wembley)46.166-1
1955 Oriel OlgaSlaney Record - JanetDal Hawkesley (West Ham)46.321-4f
1956 Speir BheanMaddest Neighbour - My DreamlandJack Harvey (Wembley)45.867-4
1957 Rathmore RainbowApril Tanist – Rathmore TutsyIvor Morse (Harringay)46.602-7f
1958 Holystone MischiefHolystone Lifelong – Elphin GirlJimmy Purnell (Private)46.9711-4
1959 Noras JewelImperial Dancer – Noras BirthdayJack Harvey (Wembley)46.257-2
1960 Chinese RoseThe Grand Champion – Rose ConfectionTim Forster Harringay)45.48100-8
1961 The Cherry TreeCheeky Tippy – Clonbrick RoseHarry Tasker (Private)50.09
1962 The Cherry TreeCheeky Tippy – Clonbrick RoseHarry Tasker (Private)50.79
1963 HillstrideKnockhill Chieftain – Miss LorraineTom Perry (Private)51.522-9f
1964 Ballymotey BoySolar Prince – July FlowerDal Hawkesley (West Ham)51.50
1965 Boothroyden FlashCrazy Parachute – Knockmullagh LadyHarry Bamford (Private)51.86
1966 Ballyloo HindHi There – Craan MajesticSid Ryall (Private)50.42
1967 Come on DoloresKnock Hill Chieftain – Sultry PeachErnie Gaskin Sr. (Private)50.30
1968 Poor MickCrazy Parachute - DearnsideRandy Singleton (White City)50.429-2
1969 Farma ZoraMad Era – Rorys SallyPhil Rees Sr. (Wimbledon)51.0411-4
1970 Hiver WhitenoseCrazy Society – Hiver SwankyJim Morgan (Private)50.85
1972 The MarchionessFaithful Hope – Trojan SilverReg Young (Private)51.374-6f
1973 Balliniska GunRussian Gun - ParlandoArthur Hancock (Brighton)45.0925-1
1974 Westpark MustardNewdown Heather – April MerryTommy Johnston Jr. (Wembley)44.731-5f
1975 Westmead BountyWestmead County – Hack SawA J Mobley (Private)45.86
1977 MontreenMoordyke Spot – AvondaleHarry Bamford (Belle Vue)44.687-4
1981 Decoy BoomWestmead County – Ka BoomJoe Cobbold (Ipswich)
1982 Paradise LostParadise Spectre – Gerards SallyGeorge Curtis (Brighton)44.679-2

1937-50 (725 yards), 1938 & 1940-45 (not held), 1952-60 & 1973-1975 (800 yards), 1961-72 (880 yards) 1976-1982 (730 metres)

Gimcrack/Challenge

The Gimcrack was renamed The Challenge in 1967 and was a competition held from 1959 until 1972.

Year Winner Breeding Trainer Time SP
1959 Miss CheerfulCheerful Chariot – Miss MinkDave Geggus (Walthamstow)29.33100-30
1960 Wheatfield CountessOur Viscount – Wheatfield SatelliteStan Martin (Wimbledon)29.88100-30
1961 The Grand CanalChampion Prince – The Grand DuchessPaddy Dunphy (Ireland)29.30
1962 Dromin GloryHi There – Dromin JetJohn Bassett (Clapton)29.19
1963 Fairys ChumKnockhill Chieftain – Fairy JuliaBob Burls (Wembley)29.15
1964 Hack Up ChieftainKnockhill Chieftain – Bunclody QueenRandy Singleton (White City)29.369-1
1965 Clonmannon FlashPrairie Flash - Dainty SisterJim Hookway (Owlerton)29.37
1966 Dusty TrailPrinters Present - Dolores DaughterPaddy Milligan (Private)29.12
1967 Shady ParachuteCrazy Parachute – Shady ContemperaPhil Rees Sr. (Wimbledon)28.94
1969 Kilbelin StylePrairie Flash – Clomoney GrandTom Johnston Jr. (Wembley)29.0710-11f
1970 LinmareeSpectre - NevascaLes Parry (White City)29.02
1972 Priory HiMaryville Hi - Miss Hi LandPen Andrews (Private)29.047-2
  • 1959-72 (525 yards)

Track records

Pre-metric

Distance Greyhound Time Date Notes
500yOutside Left27.5512.07.1958
525yMick the Miller29.8216.07.1929Derby heats, world record
525yRyland R29.6916.07.1931Derby heats
525yFuture Cutlet29.6207.1932Derby heats
525yShove Halfpenny29.471936
525yFine Jubilee29.471936
525yWattle Bark29.3606.1937Derby heats
525yShove Halfpenny29.3619.06.1937Derby semi-finals
525yWattle Bark29.2626.06.1937Derby final
525yQuare Times28.9506.1946Derby heats, world record
525yQuare Times28.8229.06.1946Derby consolation, world record
525yPriceless Border28.??1947/48
525yPriceless Border28.6406.1948Derby heats
525yPauls Fun [24]28.6419.06.1954Derby semi-finals
525yKilcaskin Kern28.6306.1958Derby heats
525yMile Bush Pride28.6006.1958Derby semi finals
525yPigalle Wonder28.4421.06.1958Derby semi finals
525yYellow Printer28.3003.06.1968Derby heats, world record
525ySuper Rory28.2617.06.1972Derby semi-finals
550yQuare Times30.3805.08.1946Match v Bahs Choice
550yBallymac Ball30.3010.12.1949
550yBallymac Ball30.2726.12.1949
550yFearless Mac29.9303.08.1959
550yMonalee Champion29.8207.01.1967
700yMick The Moocher40.6830.03.1935
725yShaggy Lass41.4306.05.1946
725yFearless Mac40.6411.07.1959
725yMurray Grant40.6327.07.1963
725yCash For Dan40.1628.06.1969
800yRyans Rose45.691950
800yWestern Stream??1954
800yJockey Club45.3030.05.1956
800yBella Bambino45.1531.10.1964
800yPoor Mick44.901970
800yLively Mandy44.8902.10.1971
880yThe Cherry Tree49.9917.03.1962
880yCash For Dan [25]49.4416.10.1969TV Trophy final
1025yGentle Charmer60.891954
1025yYason60.8821.08.1954
1025yRimmell's Pearl59.7523.10.1954
1025yRozels Blue Girl59.5227.06.1964
1025yGreenville Fauna58.6018.07.1968
525yHBarrowside29.4307.05.1955Grand National final
525yHLucky Orange29.341970
525yHSherrys Prince29.108.05.1971
550yHBarrowside31.3523.04.1955
550yHSpotless O'Leer31.3504.06.1955=equalled
550yHIndoor Sport31.1628.07.1962
550yHSherrys Prince30.6216.10.1969
725yHGypsy Boy41.8427.06.1959
550yCFodda Champion31.1829.05.1957Chase

Post-metric

Distance Greyhound Time Date Notes
268mMutts Silver15.701976
268mTravara Rock [26]15.671981
500mSallys Cobbler29.3106.1975Derby heats
500mSlippery Slave29.2606.1975Derby Heats
500mMyrtown29.2321.06.1975Derby semi finals
500mBallybeg Prim29.231976
500mShamrock Point29.1806.1976
500mGlen Rock29.161977World record
500mBalliniska Band29.1625.06.1977Derby final
500mParkdown Jet [26]29.0920.06.1981Derby semi-finals
500mHay Maker Mack28.9525.06.1983
680mSallys Cobbler40.851975
680mBrampton Badger [26]40.8027.06.1981
730mGlin Bridge44.031980
730mFair Reward [26]43.9327.06.1981
962mWestown Adam59.811980
962mPortland Dusty59.811980
730mWestown Adam [26]59.811981=track record
500mHMoon View30.091980
680mHTopofthetide42.561979
gollark: Wizards.
gollark: Apparently in ye olden times they didn't ship with the wall plug actually connected.
gollark: Electrons are a government LIE!
gollark: Perhaps. Weird that they stopped, though, it's not like electronics became significantly less useful.
gollark: The closest thing is that we had to learn about UK plugs and how to wire them in Physics for some reason.

References

  1. Ash, Edward C (1933). The Book of the Greyhound. Hutchinson & Co. p. 303.
  2. ""Greyhound Racing." Times [London, England] 20 Apr. 1927". The Times Digital Archive.
  3. Tarter, P Howard (1949). Greyhound Racing Encyclopedia. Fleet Publishing Company Ltd.
  4. ""Greyhound Racing." Times [London, England] 12 May 1927". The Times Digital Archive.
  5. ""Greyhound Racing." Times [London, England] 21 May 1927". The Times Digital Archive.
  6. Barnes, Julia (1988). Daily Mirror Greyhound Fact File. Ringpress Books. ISBN 0-948955-15-5.
  7. ""Greyhound Racing." Times [London, England] 17 June 1927". The Times Digital Archive.
  8. ""Greyhound Racing." Times [London, England] 21 June 1927". The Times Digital Archive.
  9. Genders, Roy. The Encyclopedia of Greyhound Racing. Pelham Books Ltd. ISBN 07207-1106-1.
  10. Genders, Roy (1975). The Greyhound and Racing Greyhound. Page Brothers (Norwich). ISBN 0-85020-0474.
  11. Dack, Barrie (1990). Greyhound Derby, the first 60 years. Ringpress Books. ISBN 0-948955-36-8.
  12. "Remember When - July 1937". Greyhound Star. 2012.
  13. ""Greyhound Racing Association Trust." Times, 1 Feb. 1938". The Times Digital Archive.
  14. "Historic inflation calculator: how the value of money has changed since 1900". This is money.
  15. "OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT. "Athletics." Times [London, England] 26 June 1939". The Times Digital Archive.
  16. Particulars of Licensed tracks, table 1 Licensed Dog Racecourses. Licensing Authorities. 1946.
  17. "Remember When - October 1949". Greyhound Star.
  18. Genders, Roy (1990). NGRC book of Greyhound Racing. Pelham Books Ltd. ISBN 0-7207-1804-X.
  19. "White City Stock Conversion". Greyhound Magazine. 1969.
  20. "Greyhound Star (Remember When - June)". Greyhound Star.
  21. Genders, Roy (1981). The Encyclopedia of Greyhound Racing. Pelham Books Ltd. p. 88. ISBN 07207-1106-1.
  22. "Remember When Series - January 2020". Greyhound Star.
  23. Genders, Roy (1981). The Encyclopedia of Greyhound Racing. Pelham Books Ltd. p. 88. ISBN 07207-1106-1.
  24. "Monthly Greyhound Star (Remember When 1957) January edition". Greyhound Star.
  25. "Monthly Greyhound Star (Remember When 1969) October edition". Greyhound Star.
  26. "Monthly Greyhound Star (Remember When 1981) December edition". Greyhound Star.
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