Hermes da Fonseca

Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɛʁmis ʁoˈdɾigis dɐ fõˈsekɐ]), (São Gabriel, 12 May 1855 - Petrópolis, 9 September 1923 ) was a Brazilian military and political, president of Brazil between 1910 and 1914. Nephew of Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, 1st President of Brazil, General João Severiano da Fonseca, Patron of the Army Health Service, and son of Marshal Hermes Ernesto da Fonseca and Rita Rodrigues Barbosa.

This name uses Portuguese naming customs: the first or maternal family name is Rodrigues and the second or paternal family name is Fonseca.
His Excellency Marshal

Hermes da Fonseca
President of Brazil
In office
15 November 1910 – 14 November 1914
Vice PresidentVenceslau Brás
Preceded byNilo Peçanha
Succeeded byVenceslau Brás
Minister of the Superior Military Court
In office
18 December 1908 – 27 May 1909
Appointed byAfonso Pena
Preceded byAlexandrino Faria de Alencar
Succeeded byJosé Maria Marinho da Silva
Minister of War
In office
15 November 1906 – 27 May 1908
PresidentAfonso Pena
Preceded byFrancisco Argolo
Succeeded byLuís de Morais
Personal details
Born(1855-05-12)12 May 1855
São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Empire of Brazil
Died9 September 1923(1923-09-09) (aged 68)
Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
NationalityBrazilian
Political partyConservative Republican
Spouse(s)Orsina Francioni
(m. 1878–1912; her death)
Nair de Tefé
(m. 1913–1923; his death)
Children5
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Empire of Brazil (1871–89)
Brazil (1889–1906)
Branch/service Brazilian Army
Years of service1871–1906
Rank Field Marshal
CommandsPolice Brigade of Rio de Janeiro
Battles/warsBrazilian Naval Revolts

Biography

His father was a native of Alagoas and, being military, was transferred to Gabriel (São Gabriel), where Hermes was born, in 1855. When his father was sent for the Paraguayan War, the family returned to Rio de Janeiro.

Military career

In 1871, at the age of 16, he graduated with a degree in science and letters and joined the Military School of Praia Vermelha where he was a student of Benjamin Constant Botelho de Benjamin Constant, one of the introducers of the ideas of Auguste Comte in Brazil, and thus did not escape the influence of the master, although he did not become an orthodox positivist. When he graduated, he served as an assistant to the Gaston de Orléans, Count d'Eu, Prince Gaston of Orléans, Count d'Eu.

He supported the proclaimed republic by his uncle Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca, and was invited by him to be a field assistant and military secretary after the seizure of power. In ten months it went from captain to lieutenant colonel.[1]

On the occasion of the revolt of the squadron (1893), it stood out, in Niterói, in the command of the defense of the government of Floriano Peixoto. From 1894, when he was promoted to colonel, in 1896 he commanded the 2nd Mounted Artillery Regiment, then was appointed head of the Presidential Military House.[1] He commanded the current Federal Capital Police Brigade Military Police of the State of Rio de Janeiro, between 1899 and 1904, when he took command of the Realengo Military School, which formed the officers of the army.

As commander of the Realengo Preparatory School in 1904, he repressed the Vaccine Uprising, a movement that, in the name of individual freedom, protested against the compulsion of the variolic smallpox. , also translating the broader popular dissatisfaction against the regime. President Rodrigues Alves promoted him to marshal.

He held various government positions until he became Minister of War during the government of Afonso Pena (1906-1909), from November 15, 1906 to May 27, 1908. At the suggestion of the Baron of Rio Branco, sent officers for training in the German Empire, who returning to Brazil, became known as the "[Young Turks (Brazil) | Young Turks]" .[2] Reformed Army and Ministry with the creation of technical and administrative services. Of these innovations, the most important was the institution of compulsory military service, although this law was only legitimized in 1964, Law No. 4,375 of August 17, 1964. Due to the discussion in the Chamber about the participation of the military in the political life of the country, he resigned. He was later minister of the STM (Supreme Military Court).

The 1910 election
The party during the inauguration in 1910.

In November 1908, after returning from a trip to Germany, where he had witnessed military maneuvers as a guest of William II, he was nominated for presidential succession. It had the support of President Nilo Peçanha, who replaced Afonso Pena, and state representations at the National Congress, except for the benches of São Paulo and Bahia, who supported the name of Senator Rui Barbosa and the president of São Paulo Albuquerque Lins as a vice-presidential candidate, and began the civilist campaign. It is strongly speculated by some historians that the Elections were Forged by the TSE, and that in fact the one who won this election was Ruy Barbosa according to them this was the result of that election.

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References
  1. MCCANN, Frank D., Soldiers of the Fatherland: History of the Brazilian Army, 1889-1937 Editora Companhia das Letras, 1999, ISBN 8535910840, ISBN 9788535910841, 744 pp.
  2. Contested: the cabocla war. Author: Aureliano Pinto de Moura. Army Library, 2003, p. 61. ISBN 9788570113269 Added on 31/03/2018.
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