2002 Brazilian general election

General elections were held in Brazil on 6 October 2002, with a second round on 27 October. After three previous attempts, Workers' Party leader Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva secured a landslide triumph in a presidential election. Nevertheless, he did not manage to obtain the majority of valid votes in the first round; this led the presidential election to a second round, which Lula won with 52.7 million votes (61.3% of the total), becoming at the time the second most voted-for president in the world after Ronald Reagan in the 1984 United States presidential election.

2002 Brazilian general election
6 October 2002 (first round)
27 October 2002 (second round)
Presidential election
 
Candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva José Serra
Party PT PSDB
Popular vote 52,772,475 33,356,860
Percentage 61.3% 38.7%
Presidential election results map after the second round of voting: Red denotes states won by Lula, and Blue denotes those won by Serra.
President before election

Fernando Henrique Cardoso
PSDB

 Elected President

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
PT

Legislative election
513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
54 seats in the Senate
Party Leader % Seats ±
Chamber of Deputies
PT José Genoíno 18.4 91 +33
PSDB José Aníbal 14.3 71 -28
PFL Jorge Bornhausen 13.4 84 -21
PMDB 13.4 74 -9
PPB 7.8 49 -11
PSB Anthony Garotinho 5.3 22 +3
PDT 5.1 21 -4
PTB Roberto Jefferson 4.6 26 -5
PL Valdemar Costa Neto 4.3 26 +14
PPS 3.1 15 +12
PCdoB 2.2 12 +5
PRONA Enéas Carneiro 2.1 6 +5
PV 1.4 5 +5
PSC 0.6 1 -2
PST 0.6 3 +2
SDP 0.5 4 +1
PSL Luciano Bivar 0.5 1 New
PMN 0.3 1 -1
DC 0.2 1 New
Senate
PT José Genoíno 14 +7
PSDB José Aníbal 11 -5
PFL Jorge Bornhausen 19 -1
PMDB 19 -7
PPB 1 -2
PSB 4 +1
PDT 5 +1
PTB Roberto Jefferson 3 +2
PL Valdemar Costa Neto 3 +3
PPS 1 0
SDP 1 New
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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Background

During the second term of the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration, a serious economic crisis began in Brazil as an impact of the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Commencing shortly after the 1998 elections, when Cardoso was re-elected, as a currency crisis, it resulted in a decrease in growth and employment rates and a rise in public debt. In an environment of distrust and uncertainty for investment, many investors feared the measures that were going to be taken if a left-wing candidate won the election. As a matter of fact, when Lula would rise in the polls, the so-called "Brazil risk" index, which measures the confidence of investors in the country, would also rise. The media called this the "Lula risk", indicating that if Lula was to win the election, the economy would fail. Lula was then forced to sign a text that became known as Carta aos Brasileiros (Letter to the Brazilian people), promising that if he won the election, he would not change the economic policy of Brazil. Many in the left-wing saw this as a shift to the center from Lula and his Workers' Party, which openly defended a transition to socialist economy in the 1989 presidential election.

Presidential candidates
# Presidential candidate Vice-Presidential candidate Party/coalition
13 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) José Alencar (PL)
"Lula President"
PT, PL, PCdoB, PMN, PCB[lower-alpha 1]
16 José Maria de Almeida (PSTU) Dayse de Oliveira (PSTU)
United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU)
23 Ciro Gomes (PPS) Paulo Pereira da Silva (PTB)
"Labour Front"
PPS, PTB, PDT
29 Rui Costa Pimenta (PCO) Pedro Paulo de Abreu (PCO)
Workers' Cause Party (PCO)
40 Anthony Garotinho (PSB) José Antonio Figueiredo (PSB)
"Brazil Hope"
PSB, PGT, PTC, PSC
45 José Serra (PSDB) Rita Camata (PMDB)
"Great Alliance"
PSDB, PMDB[lower-alpha 2]
  1. Unofficially supporting parties: PV and PMDB in some states. In the second round: PPS, PDT, PTB, PSB, PGT, PSC, PTC and PHS.
  2. Supporting parties in the second round: PFL, PPB, PSL, PTN, PSDC, PRTB, PSD, PRP, PAN and PTdoB.

Results

President
Candidate Party First round Second round
Votes % Votes %
Luis Inácio Lula da SilvaWorkers' Party39,454,69246.4452,793,36461.27
José SerraParty of the Brazilian Social Democracy19,705,06123.1933,370,73938.72
Anthony GarotinhoBrazilian Socialist Party15,179,87917.86
Ciro GomesSocialist People's Party10,170,66611.97
José Maria de AlmeidaUnited Socialist Workers' Party402,2320.47
Rui Costa PimentaWorkers' Cause Party38,6190.04
Invalid/blank votes9,852,977–5,500,156–
Total94,804,12610091,664,259100
Registered voters/turnout115,253,81682.26115,253,44779.53
Source: TRE, TRE

Congress
 Summary of the 6 October 2002 National Congress of Brazil election results
Parties Chamber of Deputies Federal Senate
Votes % Seats % Total seats elected in 2002
Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores) 16,093,987 18.4 91 . 14 10
Brazilian Social Democracy Party (Partido da Social-Democracia Brasileira) 12,534,774 14.3 71 . 11 8
Liberal Front Party (Partido da Frente Liberal) 11,706,231 13.4 84 . 19 14
Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro) 11,692,011 13.4 74 . 19 9
Progressive Party (Partido Progresista) 6,840,041 7.8 49 . 1 -
Brazilian Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Brasileiro) 4,616,860 5.3 22 . 4 3
Democratic Labour Party (Partido Democrático Trabalhista) 4,482,528 5.1 21 . 5 4
Brazilian Labour Party (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro) 4,052,107 4.6 26 . 3 2
Liberal Party (Partido Liberal) 3,780,259 4.3 26 . 3 2
Socialist People's Party (Partido Popular Socialista) 2,682,339 3.1 15 . 1 1
Communist Party of Brazil (Partido Comunista do Brasil) 1,967,833 2.2 12 . - -
Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order (Partido da Reedificação da Ordem Nacional) 1,804,655 2.1 6 . - -
Green Party (Partido Verde) 1,182,364 1.4 5 . - -
Social Christian Party (Partido Social Cristão) 504,611 0.6 1 . - -
Social Labour Party (Partido Social Trabalhista) 504,044 0.6 3 . - -
Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrático) 452,386 0.5 4 . 1 1
Social Liberal Party (Partido Social Liberal) 408,512 0.5 1 . - -
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro) 304,092 0.3 - . - -
Humanist Party of Solidarity (Partido Humanista de Solidaridade) 294,920 0.3 - . - -
Party of National Mobilization (Partido da Mobilização Nacional) 282,875 0.3 1 . - -
Progressive Republican Party (Partido Republicano Progresista) 251,970 0.2 - . - -
General Party of the Workers (Partido Geral dos Trabalhadores) 194,686 0.2 - . - -
Christian Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata Cristão) 192,545 0.2 1 . - -
Labour Party of Brazil (Partido Trabalhista do Brasil ) 168,639 0.2 - . - -
United Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores) 159,251 0.2 - . - -
Party of the Nation's Retirees (Partido dos Aposentados da Naçao) 126,663 0.1 - . - -
National Labor Party (Partido Trabalhista Nacional) 118,471 0.1 - . - -
Christian Labour Party (Partido Trabalhista Cristão) 74,955 0.1 - . - -
Brazilian Communist Party (Partido Comunista Brasileiro) 45,963 0.1 - . - -
Party of the Working Class's Cause (Partido da Causa Operária) 29,351 0.1 - . - -
Total (turnout 82.3 %) 87,549,923 100 513 81 54
Source: Banco de Dados Eleitorais do Brasil
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References
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