Tulcea County

Tulcea County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtult͡ʃe̯a]) is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Dobruja, with the capital city at Tulcea.

Tulcea County

Județul Tulcea
County
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 44.98°N 28.77°E / 44.98; 28.77
CountryRomania
Development regionSud-Est
Historical regionDobruja
CapitalTulcea
Area
 • Total8,499 km2 (3,281 sq mi)
Area rank4th
Population
 (2011)
 • Total201,462
 • Rank40th
 • Density24/km2 (61/sq mi)
Telephone code(+40) 240 or (+40) 340[1]
ISO 3166 codeRO-TL
GDP (nominal)US$ 1.378 billion (2015)
GDP/capitaUS$ 6,838 (2015)
WebsiteCounty Council
Prefecture
Map of Tulcea County.

Demographics

In 2011, Tulcea County had a population of 201,462. The population density was 23.7/km², the lowest among the counties of Romania.

In the Danube Delta there is an important community of Russians and Lipovans. In the south of the county there are communities of Turks. The region once was a centre of Islam in Romania.

Year County population[3]
1948 192,228
1956 223,719
1966 236,709
1977 254,531
1992 270,197
2002 256,492
2011 201,462
Ethnicity 2002[4]
All 256,492
Romanian 230,843 (90%)
Lipovan 16,350 (6.4%)
Turkish 3,334 (1.3%)
Roma/Gypsy 2,272 (0.9%)
Greek 1,680 (0.7%)
Ukrainian 1,279 (0.5%)
Tatar 179 (0.1%)
Others 555

Geography

The county has a total area of 8,499 km².

The Palace of the Danube Commission in Sulina, Tulcea County, Romania, from 1868 to 1921
Ruins of the Noviodunum fortress

The most significant feature of Tulcea County is the Danube Delta, which occupies about 1/3 of the entire surface and is located in the North-East side of the county. The Delta has three main branches: the Sulina branch (the only one navigable by large ships) in the middle, the Chilia branch in the North (the border with Ukraine) and the Sfântu Gheorghe branch (Saint George) in the South.

In the South-East of the county there are two lagoons: Razelm Lake and Sinoe Lake. In the Danube Delta and in the South—in the area between the Sfântu Gheorghe Channel and Razelm Lake—there are countless channels and small lakes. The entire area is included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites and Biosphere reserves.

The Danube River flows around the county in the West and North side. In the West, there is the Măcin Branch which flows on the East side of the Great Brăila Island. From Smârdan (on the opposite side from Brăila) to Pătlăgeanca (close to Tulcea), the Danube has only one big flow of water, around which there are an immense number of lakes and small channels.

In the center of the county, there is the Casincea Plateau and the Măcin Mountains—the remains of a prehistorical mountains range (more than 400 million years old), with the greatest height at about 400 m.

Neighbours

Economy

Agriculture and fishing are the main occupations, involving about 48% of the population. Industry is concentrated in the large towns only.

The predominant industries in the county are:

  • Food industry.
  • Textile industry.
  • Ship building industry.
  • Metallurgy - aluminium.
  • Chemical industry.
  • Construction materials.

Tourism

Tourism is an important activity in the county, the Danube Delta being one of the most visited areas in Romania.

The main destinations for tourists are:

Politics

The Tulcea County Council, elected at the 2016 local government elections, is made up of 31 counselors, with the following party composition:[5]

    Party Seats Current County Council
  Social Democratic Party 14                            
  National Liberal Party 12                            
  Alliance of Liberals and Democrats 3                            
  People's Movement Party 2                            

Administrative divisions
Tulcea harbour

Tulcea County has 1 municipality, 4 towns and 46 communes.

Municipalities
  • Tulcea - capital city; population: 92,379 (as of 2007)
Towns
Communes

Historical county
Județul Tulcea
County (Județ)
The Tulcea prefecture building from the interwar period, now the Tulcea Art Museum.
Coat of arms
Country Romania
Historic regionDobrogea
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Tulcea
Area
 • Total8,628 km2 (3,331 sq mi)
Population
 (1930)
 • Total184,038
 • Density21/km2 (55/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Historically, the county was located in the southeastern part of Greater Romania, in the region of north Dobruja. The borders of the historic county coincide with those of the present county. It bordered on the west with Brăila County, northwest with Covurlui County, to the north with Ismail County, to the south by Constanța County, and to the east and south-east with the Black Sea.

Administration
Map of Tulcea County as constituted in 1938.

The county was originally divided administratively into four districts (plăṣi):[6]

  1. Plasa Babadag, headquartered at Babadag
  2. Plasa Gurile Dunării, headquartered at Tulcea
  3. Plasa Măcin, headquartered at Măcin
  4. Plasa Topolog, headquartered at Topolog

As in the present day there were five towns (cities): Tulcea (county headquarters), Babadag, Măcin, Isaccea and Sulina.

Population
Map of Tulcea County's ethnic groups as reported in the 1930 census.

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 184,038 inhabitants, ethnically divided as follows: 62.6% Romanians, 12.2% Russians, 10.6% Bulgarians, 2.5% Turks, 1.7% Greeks, 1.3% Germans, as well as other minorities.[7] From the religious point of view, the population was 85.8% Eastern Orthodox, 8.3% Old-Rite Lipovan Orthodox, 2.8% Muslim, 1.5% Roman Catholic, 0.6% Lutheran, as well as other minorities.

Urban population

In 1930, the county's urban population was 41,632 inhabitants, comprising 64.7% Romanians, 12.8% Russians, 5.5% Turks, 4.4% Greeks, 3.3% Bulgarians, 2.5% Jews, 0.8% Germans, as well as other minorities. Mother tongues among the urban population were Romanian (69.4%), followed by Russian (15.0%), Turkish (5.5%), Greek (3.9%), Yiddish (1.5%), as well as other minorities.[7] From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of 87.5% Eastern Orthodox, 5.7% Muslim, 2.6% Jewish, 1.9% Roman Catholic, as well as other minorities.

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References
  1. The number used depends on the numbering system employed by the phone companies on the market.
  2. National Institute of Statistics, "Populația după etnie" Archived 2009-08-16 at the Wayback Machine
  3. National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 și 2002"
  4. National Institute of Statistics, 2002 census: Ethnic structure per county
  5. "Mandate de CJ pe judete si competitori" (in Romanian). Biroul Electoral Central. 10 June 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  6. Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Tulcea
  7. Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 480
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