Transbrasil

TransBrasil was a Brazilian airline which ceased operations on 3 December 2001. During most of its history, Transbrasil was owned by local entrepreneur Omar Fontana. Its aircraft usually featured a colorful livery, remarkably with a rainbow on the tail fin.[1] Transbrasil base was Brasilia International Airport in Brasilia.[2] From the 1970s and until its demise in 2002, Transbrasil was usually the third largest Brazilian airline after Varig and VASP, serving both domestic and international routes.

Transbrasil
IATA ICAO Callsign
QD (as Sadia)
TR (as Transbrasil)		 TBA TRANSBRASIL
Founded5 January 1955
Commenced operations1956
Ceased operations3 December 2001
HubsSão Paulo, Brazil
Frequent-flyer programTransPass
SubsidiariesAerobrasil
Interbrasil STAR
Fleet size0
HeadquartersBrasília, Brazil
Key peopleOmar Fontana
Websitetransbrasil.com.br/i/index.htm

History

The First Years as Sadia (1955–1972)
A Dart Herald at Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont Airport in 1973

Transbrasil was born in the State of Santa Catarina as a sister company of S/A Indústria e Comércio Concórdia, better known by its acronym Sadia. In 1953 Omar Fontana, one of the sons of the founder of Sadia Attilio Fontana noticed a Douglas DC-3 that remained parked at Joaçaba Airport, near Concórdia, the whole weekend. Omar Fontana came up with the idea of leasing the aircraft for transporting the products of Sadia to São Paulo. In 1954 Sadia acquired its own Douglas DC-3 and flights became daily, having Omar as one of the crew members. However, since it was not an airline with regular schedule, it could not receive subventions from the government. In order to avoid this restriction, on January 5, 1955 he created Sadia S/A – Transportes Aéreos. The first regular flight was operated on March 16, 1956.[3]

TransBrasil BAC 1-11 series 500 at São Paulo Congonhas Airport in 1975

Sadia enlarged Concórdia Airport so that a Douglas DC-3 could operate with full load and created the first route from Concórdia to Videira, Florianópolis, São Paulo-Congonhas. A short time later, Sadia was also operating to Londrina, Bauru, Ribeirão Preto and Brasília.[4]

Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirante of Transbrasil at Rio Santos Dumont airport in 1975

In November 1957, Sadia established a partnership with Real Transportes Aéreos and became a feeder airline at Florianópolis. Whereas Linneu Gomes got 50% of the shares of Sadia, Omar Fontana became part of the board of Real, where he gained airline experience. At this time Sadia moved headquarters to São Paulo and expanded services to Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont and Porto Alegre. This partnership ended in 1961 with the demise of Real and Fontana bought back the shares he had earlier sold to Gomes.[5]

In 1962 Sadia bought TASSA – Transportes Aéreos Salvador and increased its presence in Bahia. In 1967 most of Sadia network was eligible to receive subventions from the Federal government and aiming at those subventions Sadia bought five Handley Page Dart Heralds.[6] In 1968 Sadia joined the shuttle service (Portuguese: Ponte Aérea, meaning "air bridge") between Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont and São Paulo-Congonhas airports, operated since 1959 by Varig, Cruzeiro do Sul and VASP.[7] This service was abandoned only in 1999.

The first jet airliner type to be introduced into the fleet of Sadia, a stretched BAC One-Eleven Series 500, entered into service on September 17, 1970. In 1972 the name of the airline was changed to Transbrasil S/A Linhas Aéreas and its headquarters were moved to Brasília.[8]

Former logo of Transbrasil

Consolidation as Transbrasil (1972–1983)
Boeing 727-100 at Salvador International Airport
  • 1973 - Transbrasil replaces its ageing Dart Heralds by new Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante light transport turboprops.
  • 1974 - Transbrasil starts to phase out its remainder Bandeirantes, Heralds and 1-11s, replacing them with Boeing 727-100. By 1979, its fleet consisted only of 727-100s.
  • 1983 - Its first Boeing 767-200 is delivered, and Transbrasil starts its international operations, initially with charter flights - and from 1989, with regular service - to Miami, Orlando and Washington D.C..

Apogee and Downturn (1983–2003)
Boeing 737-300 Transbrasil.
Boeing 727-100 Transbrasil

In 1990 Transbrasil fleet consisted of three 767-200, three Boeing 707 for cargo and passenger service (operated by its affiliated company, Aerobrasil) and 15 leased Boeing 737-300 and -400. In addition to domestic flights to most of the larger Brazilian cities, Transbrasil offered regular and charter service to Miami, Orlando, New York, Washington, Buenos Aires, Vienna, Amsterdam, London and even Beijing. During some time, due to discounted ticket prices and an aggressive commercial strategy Transbrasil surpassed VASP as the second largest Brazilian airline.

Despite its growing market share, Transbrasil was already experiencing financial problems. In 1987 after a formal request of its chairman Omar Fontana, Brazilian government took over Transbrasil management. However, soon Fontana started to disagree with the Brazilian Air Force officers nominated to run the company and in 1989 the intervention was cancelled. After Fontana stepped out from Transbrasil management due to health issues, the company was run by his son-in-law Celso Cipriani - a former police officer with no previous experience on airline management. Cipriani tenure on Transbrasil was controversial, and he has been formally charged with fraud, embezzlement of funds and property and mismanagement since then.[9]

On January 14, 1994, Transbrasil created its regional subsidiary Interbrasil STAR to operate as feeder-carrier. Services started on July 3, 1995.

In addition to the management problems, Transbrasil was also facing other difficulties, specially the reduced or no profit from its international routes, severe competition from other companies in the domestic front (specially TAM, a former air taxi company with a growing fleet) and growing expenses. By late 2001, despite several government loans, Transbrasil was amassing huge debts with several suppliers. When Shell refused to further supply fuel without payment, Transbrasil's then aging and reduced fleet was grounded on 3 December 2001. It never returned to the air, and was declared bankrupt in 2003 at the request of one of its major debtors - GE Capital Aviation Services.[10]

After Bankruptcy (2003–2010)
TransBrasil planes abandoned at Brasília International Airport since 2001

On 16 September 2009 the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court began the analysis of the legality of the bankruptcy of Transbrasil.[11] The bankruptcy was confirmed on 2 October 2009.[12]

That same year, the Public Ministry was preparing to file charges against the senior management of the company. The main accused being Celso Cipriani, who allegedly committed crimes that hastened the company's demise.[13]

In 2010, the debt which caused the bankruptcy of Transbrasil was invalidated by the Court of Justice of São Paulo.[14]

Destinations
Main article: List of Transbrasil destinations

Fleet
A Transbrasil Boeing 767-200ER at John F. Kennedy International Airport (1994)
SADIA and TRANSBRASIL FLEETS[15][16]
Aircraft Total Years of Operation Notes
Douglas DC-3 12 1955–1968
Curtiss C-46 3 1956–1967
Handley Page Dart Herald 10 1963–1976
BAC One-Eleven series 500 10 1971–1978
Embraer EMB 110 6 1973–1976
Boeing 727-100 22 1974–1989
Boeing 707 10 1982–1991
Boeing 767-200 9 1983–2001
Boeing 737-300 13 1986–2001
Boeing 737-400 5 1989–2001
Boeing 767-300 5 1991–2001

Airline Affinity Program

TransPass was Transbrasil's Frequent-flyer program. Points could be used on Transbrasil and Interbrasil STAR services. Points held at the time of the airline's collapse lost their value as no other airline took over the program.

Accidents and incidents

As Sadia
  • 4 August 1963: a Douglas C-49E registration PP-SLL en route from Joaçaba to Videira crashed into a hill when approaching Videira under poor visibility. All 10 occupants died.[17]
  • 3 November 1967: a Handley Page Dart Herald 214 registration PP-SDJ flying from São Paulo-Congonhas to Curitiba-Afonso Pena collided with a hill during approach to land at Curitiba. All crew and 21 passengers died, 4 passengers survived.[18][19]
  • 16 March 1968: Douglas C-47A-35-DL (DC-3) registrationPP-AST en route from Miami to Arica Chile crashed near Tacna. All 4 occupants died.[20]

As Transbrasil
  • 22 January 1976: an Embraer EMB 110C Bandeirante registration PT-TBD operating flight 107 from Chapecó to Erechim, crashed upon take-off from Chapecó. Seven of the nine passengers and crew on board died.[21][22]
  • 12 April 1980: a Boeing 727-27C registration PT-TYS operating flight 303 flying from São Paulo-Congonhas to Florianópolis was on a night instrumental approach to Florianópolis Airport under a severe thunderstorm. The aircraft went off course, struck a hill and exploded. Probable causes are misjudgment of speed and distance, inadequate flight supervision, failure to initiate a go-around and improper operation of the engines. Of the 58 passengers and crew aboard, 3 passengers survived.[23][24]
  • 21 March 1989: Flight 801, a cargo Boeing 707-349C registration PT-TCS, flying from Manaus to São Paulo-Guarulhos, crashed at the district of Vila Barros in Guarulhos, shortly before touch-down at runway 09R. That day, at 12:00 the runway was going to be closed for maintenance and the crew decided to speed up procedures to touch-down before closure (it was already 11:54). In a hurry, one of the crew members, by mistake, activated the air-dynamic brakes and the aircraft lost too much speed to have enough aerodynamic support (Stall). As a consequence the aircraft crashed at approximately 2 km from the airport. There were 25 fatalities which of these three were crew members and 22 were civilians on the accident site. As well as the 22 fatalities,[25] there were also over 200 injured on the ground.[26] This aircraft was used in the filming of the movie Airport (1970 film) [27]
gollark: It would no longer be possible for humans to cut many of them down.
gollark: Also deforestation. There are so many upsides.
gollark: Which would also fix flooding.
gollark: Also, rising sea levels. This could be eliminated as an issue by breaking all the various feedback loops enough that the oceans boil.
gollark: For example: apparently climate change is causing more/worse hurricanes or something. But if we heat the Earth by something like ~~10~~ 30 degrees, there will be hypercanes instead.

See also

References
  1. "Aviation Design"." Retrieved on October 12, 2011.
  2. "World Airline Directory." Flight International. March 30, 1985. 127." Retrieved on June 17, 2009.
  3. Instituto Histórico-Cultural da Aeronáutica (2005). História Geral da Aeronáutica Brasileira: de janeiro de 1946 a janeiro de 1956 após o término da Segunda Guerra Mundial até a posse do Dr. Juscelino Kubitschek como Presidente da República (in Portuguese). 4. Rio de Janeiro: GR3 Comunicação & Design. p. 348.
  4. Pereira, Aldo (1987). Breve História da Aviação Comercial Brasileira (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Europa. p. 219.
  5. Pereira, Aldo (1987). Breve História da Aviação Comercial Brasileira (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Europa. pp. 219–220.
  6. Pereira, Aldo (1987). Breve História da Aviação Comercial Brasileira (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Europa. p. 220.
  7. Beting, Gianfranco; Beting, Joelmir (2009). Varig: Eterna Pioneira (in Portuguese). Porto Alegre and São Paulo: EDIPUCRS and Beting Books. pp. 83–84. ISBN 978-85-7430-901-9.
  8. Pereira, Aldo (1987). Breve História da Aviação Comercial Brasileira (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Europa. pp. 220–221.
  9. "Transbrasil News 10 {in Portuguese}". Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  10. "Transbrasil Secret Files {in Portuguese}". Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  11. "STJ inicia análise de falência da Transbrasil". Valor Econômico (on line). 16 September 2009. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
  12. "STJ confirma falência da Transbrasil". Valor Econômico (on line). 2 October 2009. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
  13. "Ministério Público vai denunciar ex-administradores da Transbrasil". O Estadao de S.Paulo. 27 April 2009. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  14. "Falência turbinada". Istoé Dinheiro. 28 May 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  15. Pereira, Aldo (1987). Breve História da Aviação Comercial Brasileira (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Europa. pp. 229–231.
  16. Davies, R. E. G. (1997). Transbrasil: An Airline and its Aircraft. McLean: Paladwr Press. pp. passim.
  17. "Accident description PP-SLL". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  18. "Accident description PP-SDJ". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  19. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Serra da Graciosa". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928-1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 256–261. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  20. "Accident description PP-AST". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  21. "Accident description PT-TBD". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  22. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Estouro de pneu na decolagem". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928-1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 302–307. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  23. "Accident description PT-TYS". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  24. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Transbrasil 303". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928-1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 313–317. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  25. "Accident description PT-TCS". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  26. "At Least 16 Die as Brazilian Jet Hits Shantytown". The New York Times. AP. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  27. "Accident description PT-TCS". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
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