Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Russian: Ю́жно-Сахали́нск, tr. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, IPA: [ˈjuʐnə səxɐˈlʲinsk] (listen), literally "South Sakhalin City") is a city in Sakhalin island, and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located in the Far East part of Russia, situated north of Japan. [10] Gas and oil extraction as well as processing are amongst the main industries on the island. It is also a place of working of major US oil companies such as ExxonMobil. It was called Vladimirovka (Влади́мировка) from 1882 to 1905, then Toyohara (Japanese: 豊原市, Hepburn: Toyohara-shi) from 1905 to 1946. Population: 181,728 (2010 Census);[4] 175,085 (2002 Census);[11] 159,299 (1989 Census).[12]

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Южно-Сахалинск
City[1]
Flag
Coat of arms
Location of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Location of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Sakhalin Oblast)
Coordinates: 46°58′N 142°44′E
CountryRussia
Federal subjectSakhalin Oblast[1]
Founded1882
City status since1905[2]
Government
 • HeadSergey Nadsadin[3]
Elevation
50 m (160 ft)
Population
 • Total181,728
 • Estimate 
(2018)[5]
198,973 (+9.5%)
 • Rank99th in 2010
 • Subordinated tocity of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk[1]
 • Capital ofSakhalin Oblast[1], city of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk[1]
 • Urban okrugYuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug[6]
 • Capital ofYuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug[6]
Time zoneUTC+11 (MSK+8 [7])
Postal code(s)[8]
693000
Dialing code(s)+7 4242; +7 424[9]
OKTMO ID64701000001
Websitewww.yuzhno-sakh.ru

History

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk began as a small Russian settlement called Vladimirovka, founded by convicts in 1882.[2] The Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905, which brought an end to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, awarded the southern half of the Sakhalin Island to Japan. Vladimirovka was renamed Toyohara (meaning "bountiful plain"), and was the prefect capital of the Japanese Karafuto Prefecture.

After the end of World War II, the Japanese portion of Sakhalin island was occupied by Soviet troops. Ownership of the city was transferred to the Soviet Union and it was renamed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Town status was granted to it in 1946.[2]

  • Early days of Vladimirovka
  • This Japanese D51 steam locomotive stands outside the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Railway Station
  • Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk's Museum

Administrative and municipal status

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is the administrative center of the oblast.[1] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with ten rural localities, incorporated as the city of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is incorporated as Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug.

Economy and infrastructure

Due to significant investment from oil companies like ExxonMobil and Shell, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk has experienced substantial economic growth. Although this growth has primarily occurred in the northern part of the island, both companies maintain headquarters and residential complexes in the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk itself. The demand for natural resources by the Japanese, Chinese, and South Koreans has ensured continued prosperity in the foreseeable future for the entire island.

There has been significant criticism, including from Presidential Envoy Kamil Iskhakov, that Sakhalin is not caring for its citizens. Despite sizable gas deposits and incoming investments from gas companies, the regional administration does not yet have plans for the installation of gas services on the island. The oblast also continues to have the highest rate of juvenile crime in all of Russia, and more than 40% of its businesses are unprofitable.

Out of the very few remaining Japanese buildings in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, one now functions as the local museum. The building was designed in the Emperor's Crown Style by Japanese architect Yoshio Kaizuka, and completed in 1937.[13]

  • Central part of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
  • Central part of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
  • Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk museum in Japanese days
  • Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk museum in 2012

Transportation

The city is the head office Aurora Airline, subsidiary of Aeroflot. it is served by the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport. The city is also the hub for the island's narrow gauge railway network that has went underwent conversion to Russian broad gauge in August 2019[14].In addition to railways, the town is also a hub for roadways, such as the A-391 (which travels south to Korsakov) and the A-392 (which travels west to Kholmsk).

Education

Institutes of elementary and middle education include: Sakhalin International School

Institutes of higher education in the city include Sakhalin State University and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk institute of economics, law and informatics. Also there are some branches of other high schools:

  • Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk institute (branch) of Russian State trade-economics university
  • Branch of Far East State university of railways
  • Branch of Modern Academy of the humanities
  • Branch of The Pacific State economics university
  • Branch of Russian economics academy named after G.V. Plekhanov
  • Branch of Far East law institute

Mass media

Television
  • 3 - 1TV Russia
  • 5 - Rossiya-24 (Russia-24)
  • 10- Rossiya-1 (Russia-1)
  • 12 - ASTV (Alternative Sakhalin Television)
  • 21 - The first multiplex digital TV DVB T2
  • 23 - Che
  • 27 - Domashny / OTV (Sakhalin Regional Television)
  • 30 - NTV Russia
  • 33 - STS
  • 35 - Ren-TV / Echo of Sakhalin
  • 43 - Match TV Russia (ex. Russia-2)
  • 46 - Petersburg–Channel_5
  • 49 - Rossiya-K (Russia-K)
  • 51 - The second multiplex of digital TV DVB T2

Radio

Population

Demographics

Most residents are ethnic Russians, but there also exists a sizable population of Koreans. Of the 43,000 Sakhalin Koreans, half are estimated to live in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, comprising roughly 12% of the city's population. Also smaller numbers of indigenous minorities, such as Ainu, Nivkhs and Oroks can be found.

Religion

The majority of the population are Russian Orthodox

Geography and climate

The city is located on the Susuya River. It is the largest city on the island, and the only one with more than 100,000 inhabitants. The straight-line distance to Moscow is 10,417 kilometers (6,473 mi).

Due to restrictions, foreigners wishing to leave Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in order to travel to any other part of the Sakhalin Oblast and its internal and territorial waters are required to seek permission from the Federal Security Service (FSB) and the Border Guard. Scuba diving and recreating on the seacoast is permitted only in places defined by the Border Guard.[15]

The climate is humid continental (Köppen Dfb) with mild summers and cold winters. Maritime influences can be seen in that precipitation is much higher than in interior Russia and that summers are distinctly cooler than in Khabarovsk or Irkutsk, while winters are much milder. Summers are frequently foggy, reducing the amount of sunshine. Considering its southerly marine position winters are very cold, albeit warmer than expected for surrounding inland areas affected by the Siberian High.

Climate data for Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7)		 6.4
(43.5)		 12.5
(54.5)		 22.9
(73.2)		 28.5
(83.3)		 30.8
(87.4)		 34.4
(93.9)		 34.7
(94.5)		 29.0
(84.2)		 23.5
(74.3)		 18.1
(64.6)		 8.4
(47.1)		 34.7
(94.5)
Average high °C (°F) −6.7
(19.9)		 −5.3
(22.5)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 6.9
(44.4)		 13.4
(56.1)		 17.7
(63.9)		 20.8
(69.4)		 22.4
(72.3)		 19.0
(66.2)		 12.3
(54.1)		 3.2
(37.8)		 −3.7
(25.3)		 8.3
(46.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.2
(10.0)		 −11.7
(10.9)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 1.7
(35.1)		 7.2
(45.0)		 11.7
(53.1)		 15.5
(59.9)		 17.3
(63.1)		 13.2
(55.8)		 6.5
(43.7)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 −8.6
(16.5)		 2.8
(37.0)
Average low °C (°F) −17.3
(0.9)		 −17.6
(0.3)		 −10.8
(12.6)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 2.5
(36.5)		 7.4
(45.3)		 12.0
(53.6)		 13.6
(56.5)		 8.4
(47.1)		 1.7
(35.1)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 −13.3
(8.1)		 −1.8
(28.8)
Record low °C (°F) −36.2
(−33.2)		 −34.8
(−30.6)		 −30.5
(−22.9)		 −25.2
(−13.4)		 −6.2
(20.8)		 −2.1
(28.2)		 1.3
(34.3)		 3.6
(38.5)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 −11.8
(10.8)		 −25.7
(−14.3)		 −33.5
(−28.3)		 −36.2
(−33.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 50
(2.0)		 35
(1.4)		 49
(1.9)		 59
(2.3)		 66
(2.6)		 51
(2.0)		 82
(3.2)		 111
(4.4)		 115
(4.5)		 101
(4.0)		 81
(3.2)		 64
(2.5)		 864
(34.0)
Average rainy days 0.3 0.4 2 10 17 17 20 19 19 19 9 2 135
Average snowy days 25 24 24 13 3 0.1 0 0 0 4 20 27 140
Average relative humidity (%) 83 81 78 76 77 83 86 87 83 80 81 83 82
Mean monthly sunshine hours 129 153 181 191 197 198 165 149 187 160 116 102 1,928
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[16]
Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[17]

Twin towns and sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is twinned with:

gollark: The frequency of every word *must* be stored for quick (O(log n) time or something) search, the raw HTML or at least might be needed if I come up with a better way to weight frequency or something, the links are useful for (future) better search ranking algorithms.
gollark: But I suppose I could drop the text bit, that can be reconstructed later™ and search doesn't really need it.
gollark: In case I need the raw HTML later.
gollark: It doesn't ignore robots.txt, I just manually whitelist sites.
gollark: But it's non-evil, so I would set it to 0, silly.

References

Notes
  1. Law #25-ZO
  2. Южно-сахалинск - Исторический словарь - Словари и Энциклопедии
  3. Сергей Надсадин вступил в должность мэра Южно-Сахалинска. astv.ru (in Russian).
  4. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  5. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  6. Law #524
  7. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  8. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  9. Телефонные коды Сахалина - Dialing codes of Sakhalin (in Russian)
  10. "Where is Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia?". WorldAtlas. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
  11. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  12. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  13. http://www.russianmuseums.info/M1096
  14. "Российская колея по всему Сахалину: движение открыто".
  15. Freedom of movement for foreigners on Sakhalin restricted
  16. "Weather and Climate-The Climate of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  17. "Juzno–Sahalinsk (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 29, 2015.

Sources
  • Сахалинская областная Дума. Закон №25-ЗО от 23 марта 2011 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Сахалинской области», в ред. Закона №62-ЗО от 27 июня 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 10 Закона Сахалинской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Сахалинской области"». Вступил в силу 9 апреля 2011 г.. Опубликован: "Губернские ведомости", №55(3742), 29 марта 2011 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #25-ZO of March 23, 2011 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #62-ZO of June 27, 2013 On Amending Article 10 of the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of April 9, 2011.).
  • Сахалинская областная Дума. Закон №524 от 21 июля 2004 г. «О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Сахалинской области», в ред. Закона №45-ЗО от 27 мая 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Сахалинской области "О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Сахалинской области"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Губернские ведомости", №175–176(2111–2112), 31 июля 2004 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #524 of July 21, 2004 On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #45-ZO of May 27, 2013 On Amending the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of January 1, 2005.).

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