Timeline of sovereign states in Oceania

This timeline lists all sovereign states and dependencies in Oceania, both current and defunct, from the year 1750 onwards.

Timeline
Current Sovereign States / Decades before 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Australia

New South Wales		 Australian Aboriginal nations 1788 Colony of New South Wales ( British Empire)[1] 1901 New South Wales ( Australia)[2]

Queensland		 Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nations 1823 Colony of New South Wales ( British Empire)[1] 1859 Colony of Queensland ( British Empire)[1] 1901 Queensland ( Australia)[2]

South Australia		 Australian Aboriginal nations 1834 Colony of South Australia ( British Empire)[1] 1901 South Australia ( Australia)[2]

Tasmania		 Aboriginal Tasmanian nations 1803 Colony of New South Wales ( British Empire)[1] 1825 Colony of Tasmania ( British Empire)[1] 1901 Tasmania ( Australia)[2]

Victoria		 Aboriginal Australian nations 1803 Colony of New South Wales ( British Empire)[1] 1851 Colony of Victoria ( British Empire)[1] 1901 Victoria ( Australia)[2]

Western Australia		 Aboriginal Australian nations 1829 Colony of Western Australia ( British Empire)[1] 1901 Western Australia ( Australia)[2]

Chile
Easter Island		 Rapa Nui 1888 Easter Island ( Chile)[3]

Fiji		 Fijians 1871 Kingdom of Fiji[4] 1874 Colony of Fiji ( British Empire)[5] 1970 Fiji[5]

France

New Caledonia		 Kanak / 1853 New Caledonia ( France)[6]

French Polynesia		 Polynesians 1788 Kingdom of Tahiti[7] 1842 Kingdom of Tahiti ( French Colonial Empire[notes 1])[8] 1880 French Polynesia ( France)[8]

Indonesia

Maluku		 Dutch East India Company rule ( Dutch Empire)[9] 1800 Dutch East Indies ( Dutch Empire)[10] 1949 Maluku ( Indonesia)[11] 1999 Maluku ( Indonesia)

North Maluku		 1999 North Maluku ( Indonesia)[12]

Papua		 Papuans 1949 Netherlands New Guinea ( Kingdom of the Netherlands)[13] 1963 Irian Jaya ( Indonesia) 2003 Papua ( Indonesia)

West Papua		 2003 West Papua ( Indonesia)[14]

Kiribati		 Micronesian 1892 Gilbert and Ellice Islands ( British Empire)[15] 1979 Kiribati[15]

Marshall Islands		 Spanish East Indies ( Spanish Empire)[16] 1885 German New Guinea ( German Empire) 1919 South Pacific Mandate ( Empire of Japan) 1947 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands ( United States) 1986 Marshall Islands

Micronesia		 Spanish East Indies ( Spanish Empire)[16] 1899 German New Guinea ( German Empire) 1919 South Pacific Mandate ( Empire of Japan) 1947 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands ( United States) 1986 Micronesia[17]

Nauru		 Nauruans 1888 German New Guinea ( German Empire) 1923 Mandate of Nauru (

Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom)

 1947 Trust Territory of Nauru ( Australia [notes 2])[18] 1968 Nauru[19]

Realm of New Zealand
New Zealand		 Maori 1840 Colony of New Zealand ( British Empire) 1907 New Zealand[20]

Tokelau		 Tokelauan 1877 Union Islands ( British Empire) 1916 Gilbert and Ellice Islands ( British Empire) 1926 Tokelau ( New Zealand)

Cook Islands		 Cook Islands Maori 1858 Kingdom of Rarotonga 1888 Kingdom of Rarotonga ( British Empire) 1893 Cook Islands Federation ( British Empire) 1901 Cook Islands ( New Zealand)[21] 1965 Cook Islands[notes 3]

Niue		 Polynesians 1901 Savage Island ( New Zealand) 1974 Niue[notes 4]

Palau		 Spanish East Indies ( Spanish Empire)[16] 1899 German New Guinea ( German Empire) 1919 South Pacific Mandate ( Empire of Japan) 1947 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands ( United States) 1994 Palau[18]

Papua New Guinea		 Papuans 1884 German New Guinea ( German Empire) 1919 Territory of New Guinea ( Australia) 1949 Territory of Papua and New Guinea ( Australia) 1975 Papua New Guinea [18]
1884 Territory of Papua ( British Empire) 1902 Territory of Papua ( Australia)

Samoa		 Pre-colonial Samoa 1900 German Samoa ( German Empire) 1920 Western Samoa Trust Territory ( New Zealand)[18] 1962 Samoa

Solomon Islands		 Melanesians 1885 German New Guinea ( German Empire) 1900 British Solomon Islands ( British Empire) 1978 Solomon Islands

Tonga		 Tu'i Tonga Empire 1865 Kingdom of Tonga 1900 Kingdom of Tonga ( British Empire [notes 5]) 1970 Tonga

Tuvalu		 Polynesian 1892 Gilbert and Ellice Islands ( British Empire)[15] 1978 Tuvalu[22]

United States

American Samoa		 Pre-colonial Samoa 1900 American Samoa ( United States)

Guam		 Spanish East Indies ( Spanish Empire)[16] 1898 Guam ( United States)[23]

Hawaii		 Ancient Hawaii 1810 Kingdom of Hawaii[24] 1894 Republic of Hawaii 1898 Territory of Hawaii ( United States of America)[25] 1959 Hawaii ( United States)[25]

Northern Mariana Islands		 Spanish East Indies ( Spanish Empire)[16] 1899 German New Guinea ( German Empire) 1919 South Pacific Mandate ( Empire of Japan) 1947 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands ( United States) 1986 Northern Marianas Islands ( United States)

Wake Island		 1899 Wake Island ( United States)

Vanuatu		 Melanesian 1887 Anglo-French Joint Naval Commission ( French Colonial Empire / British Empire) 1906 New Hebrides ( French Colonial Empire / British Empire)[26] 1980 Vanuatu
Current Sovereign States / Decades before 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Empires/Colonialists/Trustees
Australia
British Empire/United Kingdom
French Colonial Empire/France
German Empire/Germany
Empire of Japan/Japan
Dutch Empire/Netherlands
New Zealand
Spanish Empire/Spain
United States of America

Notes
  1. The Kingdom of Tahiti became a French protectorate during this period, with France formally annexing French Polynesia in 1880.
  2. Officially, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom were co-trustees, but in practice Australia administered the territory.
  3. The Cook Islands became a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand in 1965. New Zealand is responsible for defense and most of the Cook Islands' foreign relations, and both countries share a Head of State.
  4. Niue became a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand in 1974. New Zealand is responsible for defense and most of Niue's foreign relations, and both countries share a Head of State.
  5. The Kingdom of Tonga was a British protectorate during this period, and never relinquished independence. Thus, the Kingdom formed in 1865 is the same as today, with no breaks.
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See also

References
  1. "Convicts and the British colonies in Australia". australia.gov.au. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
  2. "Federation". australia.gov.au. Retrieved 19 June 2016. Australia became an independent nation on 1 January 1901 when the British Parliament passed legislation allowing the six Australian colonies to govern in their own right as part of the Commonwealth of Australia.
  3. "Easter Island Timeline". worldatlas. worldatlas.com. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
  4. "Fiji's Chiefs and Rulers 1700s to date". FijiBure.com. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
  5. "About Fiji". Fiji High Commission to the United Kingdom. Fiji High Commission to the United Kingdom. Retrieved 19 June 2016. After Fiji was ceded to Great Britain in 1874, epidemics nearly wiped out the population and it seemed as if the natives were doomed. But the colonial government took the Fijians side. Land sales were forbidden, health campaigns implemented and the population picked up again. Theirs was not, of course, the culture of the heathen ‘golden age’, but one modified by the new religion and increasingly the new economic order. Yet in today’s Fiji, independent since 1970, a surprising amount has survived.
  6. "History". Nouvelle Caledonia. Tourism New Caledonia. Retrieved 19 June 2016. On the orders of Napoleon III, and carried out by Counter-Admiral Febvrier Despointes, New Caledonia became a French colony on September 24, 1853.
  7. Muscato, Christopher. "History of Tahiti". Study.com. Retrieved 22 June 2016. The Kingdom of Tahiti would last almost a century, from roughly 1788 to 1880.
  8. West, Francis James (2016). "French Polynesia - History". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
  9. "The Dutch East India Company (VOC): Indonesian Chapter". INDONEO. Tiket2. Retrieved 22 June 2016. By 1699, VOC lands claimed stretched from Sumatra and Ternate to Maluku and beyond.
  10. "Colonial Period of Indonesia". Indonesia Investments. Van der Schaar Investments B.V. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  11. "History of Indonesia". Lonely Planet. Lonely Planet. Retrieved 22 June 2016. On 27 December 1949 the Indonesian flag was raised at Jakarta’s Istana Merdeka (Freedom Palace) as power was officially handed over.
  12. Alhadar, Smith (July 2000). "The forgotten war in North Maluku". Inside Indonesia. Indonesian Resources and Information Program (IRIP). Retrieved 22 June 2016. Just as the administrative wheels began to turn in mid-1999 to split off North Maluku as a province of its own, the conflict began to escalate.
  13. Sebastian, Leonard C.; Syailendra, Emirza Adi (12 June 2015). "Can Jokowi Bring Peace to West Papua?". The Diplomat. James Pach. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  14. Resosudarmo, Budy P.; Mollet, Julius Ary; Kaiwai, Hans; Raya, Umbu Reku. "Development in Papua after Special Autonomy" (PDF). Crawford School of Public Policy ANU College of Asia & the Pacific. The Australian National University. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  15. Luscombe, Stephen. "Gilbert Islands". The British Empire. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  16. "Spanish East Indies, 1565-1898". World History at KMLA. 10 December 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  17. "FSM History". Government of the Federated States of Micronesia. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  18. "Trust Territories that have achieved self-determination". United Nations. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  19. Phillips, Keri (11 March 2014). "How Nauru threw it all away". ABC Radio National. ABC. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  20. "Dominion status". New Zealand History. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  21. "History of the Cook Islands". Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  22. "Tuvalu : History". The Commonwealth. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  23. "Culture of Guam". Countries and their Cultures. Advameg, Inc. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  24. "Political History". Hawaiian Kingdom. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  25. "Hawaii". HISTORY.com. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  26. "Vanuatu : History". The Commonwealth. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
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