Timeline of Helsinki

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Helsinki, Finland.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to 19th century

• 1550 - Trading town established by Gustav I of Sweden.[1]
• 1569 - City privileges granted.[2]
• 1570 - Fire.[2]
• 1616 - "Diet of Finland held in Helsinki."[2]
• 1640 - Helsinki relocated across Kluuvinlahti bay to Vironniemi"[2]
• 1654 - Fire.[2]
• 1695 - Famine begins.[2]
• 1710 - Plague.[2]
• 1713 - Helsinki taken by Russian forces.[3]
• 1727 - Ulrika Eleonora Church built.
• 1742 - Helsinki occupied by Russians again.[3]
• 1743 - Herring fair begins.
• 1748 - Sveaborg fortress construction begins.[3]
• 1757 - Sederholm house built.[2]

19th century

Map of Helsinki, 1837

• 1808
  • Suomenlinna fortress surrenders to Russia.[4]
  • Fire.[2]
• 1810 - Population: 4,065.[5]
• 1812
  • Helsinki becomes capital of Grand Duchy of Finland.[6]
  • Esplanadi park opens.
• 1815 - Helsinki Orthodox Cemetery established.
• 1819 - Sinebrychoff Brewery founded.
• 1822 - Government Palace built.
• 1826 - Helsinki Old Church built.
• 1827 - Engels Teater, the first theatre, is built.[2]
• 1828 - The Royal Academy of Turku relocates to Helsinki.[3]
• 1829 - Hietaniemi cemetery and University of Helsinki Botanical Garden[7] established.
• 1846 - Finnish Art Society[8] and symphony orchestra[9] founded.
• 1847 - Suometar newspaper begins publication.
• 1848 - Drawing school established.[8]
• 1849 - Helsinki University of Technology founded.
• 1852
  • St Nicholas' Church built.[3]
  • "Students Library" established.[10]
• 1860
  • Swedish Theatre built.
  • Population: 22,228.[5]
• 1862 - First Helsinki railway station opens with service to Hämeenlinna.[3]
• 1864 - Hufvudstadsbladet newspaper begins publication.[11]
• 1868 - Uspenski Cathedral built.
• 1870 - St. Petersburg-Helsinki railway built.[3]
• 1871 - University of Arts and Design founded.
• 1872 - Helsinki typesetter strike of 1872.
• 1875 - City Council of Helsinki established.[2]
• 1879 - Alexander Theatre built.
• 1881 - Rikhardinkadun kirjasto (library) opens.[2]
• 1882
  • Helsinki Music Institute[12] and Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra[13] established.
  • Population: 45,919.[14]
• 1884 - Electric power plant begins operating.[2]
• 1886 - Kaivopuisto park established.
• 1887 - Ateneum[8] and Hotel Kämp built.
• 1888 - Kauppahalli built.[15]
• 1889
  • Zoo opens.
  • Päivälehti and Helsingin Sanomat newspapers begin publication.[11]
• 1890 - Population: 61,530.[5]
• 1891
  • Horse-drawn tram begins operating.[2]
  • Fazer in business.
• 1893
  • Helsinki harbour rail begins operating.
  • Winter garden opens.
• 1894 - Statue of Alexander II of Russia erected in Senate Square.
• 1895 - Demari newspaper begins publication.
• 1896 - Population: 77,484.[16]
• 1898 - Kauppalehti newspaper in publication.[11]
• 1900 - Electric tram begins operating.[2]

20th century

Map of Helsinki, c. 1900s

1900s-1940s

• 1902 - Finnish National Theatre building constructed.
• 1904
  • Governor-General Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov assassinated by Eugen Schauman.
  • Population: 111,654.[5]
• 1906
  • 26 February: 1906 Helsinki bank robbery.
  • Helsinki Synagogue built.
• 1908 - Helsinki Workers' House built.
• 1909 - Seurasaari Open-Air Museum and Olympia cinema[17] established.
• 1911
  • Helsinki School of Economics founded.
  • Domestic Opera founded.
  • Helsinki City Museum opens.[18]
• 1912 - Helsinki Stock Exchange founded.
• 1917
  • May: 1917 Helsinki church riot occurs.
  • Helsinki Workers' Council formed.[19]
• 1916 - National Museum of Finland opens.
• 1918
  • Civil war.[3]
  • British submarine flotilla in harbor.
• 1919
  • 16 May: Victory day.
  • Helsinki Central railway station, designed by Eliel Saarinen, opens.[15]
  • Population: 187,544.[20]
• 1922 - Arthur Castrén becomes mayor.[21]
• 1924 - Natural History Museum of Helsinki established.
• 1926
  • Yleisradio begins broadcasting.
  • Citizens' College Helsinki founded.[12]
• 1928 - Merano cinema opens.
• 1930 - Population: 205,833.
• 1931
  • Antti Tulenheimo becomes mayor.[21]
  • Parliament House built.
  • Hotel Torni opens.
• 1932
  • Eläintarhan ajot (motor race) begins.
  • Ilta-Sanomat newspaper begins publication.
• 1936 - Lasipalatsi built.
• 1937 - Savoy hotel founded.[15]
• 1938
  • May: Second International Aeronautic Exhibition held.
  • Helsinki-Malmi Airport and Stadium open.
  • Klaus Kurki hotel established.[22]
  • Tennispalatsi built.
• 1939 - Bombing by Soviets.
• 1944
  • Bombing by Soviets.
  • Eero Rydman becomes mayor.[21]
• 1946 - Haaga, Huopalahti, Kulosaari, and Oulunkylä become part of city.[2]
• 1947 - Helsinki Swimming Stadium built.

1950s-1990s

• 1950
  • Linnanmäki amusement park opens.[2]
  • Population: 368,519.
• 1951 - Marimekko founded.
• 1952
  • Helsinki Airport opens.
  • 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki.[2]
• 1956 - Lauri Aho becomes mayor.[21]
• 1957 - Kansan Uutiset newspaper begins publication.
• 1960
  • Mosque established.[23]
  • Lake Bodom murders occur.
• 1962
  • City hosts World Festival of Youth and Students.
  • Enzo-Gutzeit building constructed.[15]
• 1964 - Orion (cinema) active.[17]
• 1965
  • International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition begins.
  • Helsinki City Theatre established.[24]
• 1966 - Helsinki Ice Hall opens.
• 1967 - Sibelius Monument unveiled.[2]
• 1968
  • Teuvo Aura becomes mayor.[21]
  • Helsinki Festival begins.
• 1969 - Temppeliaukio Church consecrated.
• 1970 - Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council created.[25]
• 1971 - Finlandia Hall built.[15]
• 1973 - Population: 510,614 city; 821,505 urban agglomeration.[26]
• 1975
  • Helsinki Accords.[27]
  • Helsinki Exhibition and Convention Centre built.
• 1979
  • Raimo Ilaskivi becomes mayor.[21]
  • Lepakkoluola formed.
  • Helsinki Theatre Academy founded.
• 1980
  • Iltalehti newspaper begins publication.
  • Ring I highway constructed.
  • Population: 483,675.
• 1982
  • Helsinki Metro begins operating.[2]
  • Sibelius Academy active.[12]
• 1984 - Itäkeskus shopping mall built.[2]
• 1986 - Mosque founded.[28]
• 1989 - Night of the Arts begins.
• 1990 - Finnish National Gallery established.[8]
• 1991
  • Linux software created by university student.
  • Kari Rahkamo becomes mayor.[21]
• 1993
  • Helsinki Opera House opens.[3]
  • National Defence College (Finland) established.[12]
• 1995
  • Spårakoff pub tram begins operating.
  • Population: 515,765.
• 1996
  • Eva-Riitta Siitonen becomes mayor.[21]
  • Helsinki Motor Show begins.
• 1997
  • Taloussanomat newspaper begins publication.
  • Hartwall Areena opens.
• 1998 - Kiasma museum inaugurated.[3]
• 1999 - Finnkino Tennispalatsi (cinema) opens.[17]

21st century

• 2002 - 11 October: Myyrmanni bombing occurs in nearby Vantaa.
• 2005 - Jussi Pajunen becomes mayor.[21]
• 2007
  • Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences established.
  • Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences formed.
  • Eurovision Song Contest 2007 held.
• 2009
  • Helsinki Regional Transport Authority formed.
  • Kumpula Garden opens.
  • Prisma Itäkeskus shopping centre built.[29]
• 2010 - Aalto University formed.
• 2011
  • Restaurant Day begins.[29]
  • Sipoonkorpi National Park established.
  • Helsinki Music Centre built.
  • Helsinki Region Infoshare launched.[30]
• 2012
  • Population: 596,233.
  • City designated World Design Capital.
• 2017
  • Jan Vapaavuori becomes mayor.[31]

See also

• History of Helsinki
• Politics of Helsinki

References

1. Richard D. Lewis (2005). "Finnish History: Chronology". Finland, Cultural Lone Wolf. Nicholas Brealey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-931930-49-9.
2. City Museum. "History of Helsinki (timeline)". City of Helsinki. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
3. "Brief history of Helsinki". City of Helsinki. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
4. Haydn 1910.
5. Britannica 1910.
6. "Finland Profile: Timeline", BBC News, retrieved 30 September 2015
7. "Garden Search: Finland". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
8. Finnish National Gallery. "History". Archived from the original on 10 December 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
9. Donna M. Di Grazia, ed. (2013). Nineteenth-Century Choral Music. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-98852-0.
10. "Leading Libraries of the World: Russia and Finland". American Library Annual. New York: R.R. Bowker Co. 1916. pp. 477–478. Helsingfors
11. "Finland". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-254-1.
12. Walter Rüegg, ed. (2011). "Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995". Universities Since 1945. History of the University in Europe. 4. Cambridge University Press. pp. 575–594. ISBN 978-1-139-49425-0.
13. Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
14. "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885.
15. New York Times 2006.
16. Uschakoff 1898.
17. "Movie Theaters in Helsinki, Finland". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
18. City Museum. "Hakasalmi Villa - History of the museum building". City of Helsinki. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
19. Anthony F. Upton (1980). The Finnish Revolution: 1917-1918. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0905-5.
20. "Finland". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via HathiTrust.
21. "City of Helsinki Mayors 1922-". City of Helsinki. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
22. Klaus K Hotel. "History". Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
23. Jørgen S. Nielsen; et al., eds. (2013). "Finland". Yearbook of Muslims in Europe. 5. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25586-9.
24. Don Rubin; et al., eds. (1994). "Finland". World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe. Routledge. pp. 250+. ISBN 9780415251570.
25. Major Cities and Their Peripheries: Co-operation and Co-ordinated Management. Local and Regional Authorities in Europe. Council of Europe Press. 1993. ISBN 978-92-871-2394-7.
26. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
27. Bernard A. Cook, ed. (2013). "Chronology of Major Political Events". Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-17939-7.
28. Göran Larsson, ed. (2009). Islam in the Nordic and Baltic Countries. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-01292-3.
29. Hämäläinen 2014.
30. "How Helsinki mashed up "open data" with regionalism". CitiScope. USA. April 2014.
31. "Kaupunginvaltuusto valitsi pormestarin ja apulaispormestarit". Helsingin kaupunki. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

This article incorporates information from the Finnish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

• "Helsingforss", Hand-book for Northern Europe, London: John Murray, 1849
• "Helsingfors", Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland (New ed.), London: John Murray, 1865
• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Helsingfors". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
• I. Uschakoff, ed. (1898). "Helsinki". Suomi: hakemisto sisältävä maantieteellistilastollisia ja teollisuutta koskevia tietoja [Finland: Directory] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Weilin & Göös.
• P. Nordmann, Bidrag till Helsingfors stads historia [Contributions to Helsinki History] (in Swedish) – via HathiTrust 1905–1908, 5 vols.
• "Helsingfors", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Helsingfors, Finland", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
• "Helsinki: City With its Heart in the Country", National Geographic Magazine, Washington DC, 160, 1981
• R.W. Apple Jr. (16 July 2006). "Helsinki's Shining Season". New York Times.
• Timo Hämäläinen (23 June 2014), "Urbanist's guide to Helsinki", The Guardian, UK

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Helsinki, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Helsinki, various dates