Tim Cook

Timothy Donald Cook (born November 1, 1960)[2] is an American business executive, philanthropist and industrial engineer. Cook is the chief executive officer of Apple Inc., and previously served as the company's chief operating officer under its cofounder Steve Jobs.[3]

For other people named Tim Cook, see Tim Cook (disambiguation).

Tim Cook
Born
Timothy Donald Cook

(1960-11-01) November 1, 1960
Mobile, Alabama, U.S.
EducationAuburn University (BS)
Duke University (MBA)
Net worthmore than US$1 billion[1]
TitleCEO of Apple Inc.
Signature

Cook joined Apple in March 1998 as a senior vice president for worldwide operations, and then served as the executive vice president for worldwide sales and operations.[4] He was made the chief executive on August 24, 2011, prior to Jobs' death in October of that year.[5] During his tenure as the chief executive, he has advocated for the political reformation of international and domestic surveillance, cybersecurity, corporate taxation, American manufacturing, and environmental preservation. Since 2011 when he took over Apple, to 2020, Cook doubled the company’s revenue and profit, and increased its market value from $348 billion to $1.9 trillion.[6]

In 2014, Cook became the first chief executive of a Fortune 500 company to publicly come out as gay.[7] Cook also serves on the boards of directors of Nike, Inc.,[5] the National Football Foundation,[8] and is a trustee of Duke University.[9] In March 2015, he said he planned to donate his entire stock fortune to charity.[10]

Early life and education

Cook was born in Mobile, Alabama, United States.[11][12] He was baptized in a Baptist church[13] and grew up in nearby Robertsdale. His father, Donald, was a shipyard worker, and his mother, Geraldine, worked at a pharmacy.[11][14]

Cook graduated from Robertsdale High School in 1978.[15] He earned a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in industrial engineering from Auburn University in 1982,[16] and his Master of Business Administration (MBA) from Duke University's Fuqua School of Business in 1988.[17]

Career

Pre-Apple era

After graduating from Auburn University, Cook spent 12 years in IBM's personal computer business, ultimately serving as the director of North American fulfillment.[18] It was during this time that Cook also earned his MBA from Duke University, becoming a Fuqua Scholar in 1988.[19] Later, he served as the Chief Operating Officer of the computer reseller division of Intelligent Electronics. In 1997, he became the Vice President for Corporate Materials at Compaq for six months, but left the position after being hired by Steve Jobs.[20]

Apple era

Early career

In 1998, Steve Jobs asked Cook to join Apple. In a commencement speech at Auburn University, Cook said he decided to join Apple after meeting Jobs:

Any purely rational consideration of cost and benefits lined up in Compaq's favor, and the people who knew me best advised me to stay at Compaq... On that day in early 1998, I listened to my intuition, not the left side of my brain or for that matter even the people who knew me best... no more than five minutes into my initial interview with Steve, I wanted to throw caution and logic to the wind and join Apple. My intuition already knew that joining Apple was a once in a lifetime opportunity to work for the creative genius and to be on the executive team that could resurrect a great American company.[21]

His first position was Senior Vice President for worldwide operations.[22] Cook closed factories and warehouses, and replaced them with contract manufacturers; this resulted in a reduction of the company's inventory from months to days. Predicting its importance, his group had invested in long-term deals such as advance investment in flash memory since 2005. This guaranteed a stable supply of what became the iPod Nano, then iPhone and iPad. Competitors at Hewlett-Packard described their canceled HP TouchPad tablet computer and later said that it was made from "cast-off, reject iPad parts".[23] Cook's actions were recognized for keeping costs under control and, combined with the rest of the company, generated huge profits.[24]

Cook giving the keynote at the 2012 World Wide Developers Conference.

In January 2007, Cook was promoted to lead operations[25] and served as chief executive in 2009, while Jobs was away on a leave of absence for health related issues. In January 2011, Apple's board of directors approved a third medical leave of absence requested by Jobs. During that time, Cook was responsible for most of Apple's day-to-day operations, while Jobs made most major decisions.[26][27]

Apple chief executive (2011–present)

After Jobs resigned as CEO and became chairman of the board, Cook was named the new chief executive officer of Apple Inc. on August 24, 2011.[28][29] Six weeks later, on October 5, 2011, Jobs died due to complications from pancreatic cancer.[30] Forbes contributor Robin Ferracone wrote in September 2011: "Jobs and Cook proceeded to forge a strong partnership, and rescued the company from its death spiral, which took it from $11 billion in revenue in 1995 down to less than $6 billion in 1998 ... Under their leadership, the company went from its nadir to a remarkable $100 billion today".[27][31] In April 2012, Time included Cook on its annual "100 Most Influential People in the World" list.[32]

On October 29, 2012, Cook made major changes to the company's executive team. Scott Forstall resigned as senior vice president of iOS, and became an advisor to Cook until he eventually departed from the company in 2013. John Browett, who was Senior VP of retail, was dismissed six months after he commenced at Apple, when he received 100,000 shares worth US$60 million.[33] Forstall's duties were divided among four other Apple executives: design SVP Sir Jonathan Ive assumed leadership of Apple's human interface team; Craig Federighi became the new head of iOS software engineering; services chief Eddy Cue became responsible for Maps and Siri; and Bob Mansfield, previously SVP of hardware engineering, became the head of a new technology group.[34]

Cook with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi

Cook's executive changes occurred after the third quarter of the fiscal year, when revenues and profits grew less than predicted.[35] One commentator said that Forstall was forced to step down, as Cook "decided to lance the boil as internal politics and dissent reached a key pitch". Since becoming CEO, Cook focused upon building a harmonious culture that meant "weeding out people with disagreeable personalities—people Jobs tolerated and even held close, like Forstall";[36] although, another journalist said that "Apple's ability to innovate came from tension and disagreement."[37] On February 28, 2014, Cook made headlines when he challenged shareholders to "get out of the stock" if they didn't share the company's views on sustainability and climate change.[38] In May 2016, Cook traveled to China to meet with government officials there after the closure of Apple's online iTunes Store and Apple Books store by the Chinese government.[39]

Cook with Chongqing Mayor Huang in Apple Store Jiefangbei, China, August 17, 2016

In 2016, some analysts compared Cook to former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer, claiming that innovation had died down since he replaced Jobs, similar to when Ballmer became Microsoft CEO in 2000.[40][41] In December 2017, Cook was a speaker at the World Internet Conference in China.[42][43]

Cook was appointed chairman of the advisory board for Tsinghua University's economics school in October 2019. The length of his term will be 3 years.[44]

Cyber security

Alongside Google vice-president Vint Cerf and AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson, Cook attended a summit held by President Barack Obama, on August 8, 2013, in regard to government surveillance and the Internet in the wake of the Edward Snowden NSA incident.[45][46]

Following the December 2015 terrorist attack in San Bernardino, California, in which 14 people were killed by Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, the Federal Bureau of Investigation solicited Apple to assist in "unlock[ing]" an iPhone 5C used by Farook.[47] On February 16, 2016, in response to a request by the Department of Justice, a federal magistrate judge ordered Apple to create a custom iOS firmware version that would allow investigators to circumvent the phone's security features.[48] Cook responded in an open letter, wherein he denounced the government's demands as constituting a "breach of privacy" with "chilling" consequences.[47][49]

Public image

Leadership style

As Apple Inc. CEO, Cook regularly begins sending emails at 4:30 a.m. and previously held Sunday-night staff meetings by telephone to prepare for the next week.[50] Cook shared in May 2013 that his leadership focused on people, strategy, and execution; he explained, "If you get those three right the world is a great place."[51] Under Cook's leadership, Apple has increased its donations to charity, and in 2013, he hired Lisa Jackson, formerly the head of the Environmental Protection Agency, to assist Apple with the development of its renewable energy activities.[52][53][54]

Public affiliations
Cook with President Donald Trump in the Oval Office at the White House, April 25, 2018

During the 2008 election cycle, Cook donated to Barack Obama's first White House election.[55]

While it had been reported in early 2011 that Cook was gay,[56][57] at the time, and prior to his Oct. 2014 public statement, Cook chose to keep his personal life private.[58] He did publicly support LGBT rights.[59] In October 2014, the Alabama Academy of Honor inducted Cook, who spoke about his home state's record of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights.[60] The Academy of Honor is the highest honor Alabama gives its citizens.[61]

In 2015, Cook said he donated to Democratic senators Chuck Schumer and Patrick Leahy for their stances on eBook pricing and surveillance reform, respectively.[62] During the same election cycle he hosted a fundraiser for Senator Rob Portman.[62]

In early March 2016, he said he donated to the election campaign of Democratic representative Zoe Lofgren of California. In early June, Cook hosted a private fundraiser along with Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives Paul Ryan, described by Politico as "a joint fundraising committee aimed at helping to elect other House Republicans".[62]

In the 2016 election, Cook raised funds for the presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton.[63] At one point, Clinton's campaign considered Cook as a candidate for vice-president.[64]

In September 2017 at Bloomberg's Global Business Forum, Cook defended the DACA immigration program. He expressed his dissatisfaction with the direction of Donald Trump's administration, stating: "This is unacceptable. This is not who we are as a country. I am personally shocked that there is even a discussion of this."[65][66]

In 2018, at a privacy conference in Brussels, Cook expressed his opinions on the stockpiling of personal data by tech firms, suggesting that it amounted to surveillance and should make the public "very uncomfortable."[67]

Personal life

Cook is a fitness enthusiast and enjoys hiking, cycling, and going to the gym. He is known for being solitary, using an off-campus fitness center for privacy, and little is publicly shared about his personal life. He explained in October 2014 that he has sought to achieve a "basic level of privacy".[50][54]

Cook was misdiagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1996, an incident he said made him "see the world in a different way". He has since taken part in charity fundraising, such as cycle races to raise money for the disease. He later told the Auburn alumni magazine that his symptoms came from "lugging a lot of incredibly heavy luggage around".[68]

Cook has said that in 2009 he offered a portion of his liver to Jobs since they share a rare blood type. Cook said that Jobs responded by yelling, "I'll never let you do that. I'll never do that."[69]

While delivering the 2010 commencement speech at Auburn, Cook emphasized the importance of intuition during significant decision-making processes, and explained that preparation and hard work are also necessary to execute on intuition.[70]

In June 2014, Cook attended San Francisco's gay pride parade along with a delegation of Apple staff.[71] On October 30, Cook came out as gay in an editorial for Bloomberg Business saying "I'm proud to be gay, and I consider being gay among the greatest gifts God has given me."[72] He consulted with Anderson Cooper, who had publicly come out himself, on aspects of the statement, and cleared the timing to ensure it would not distract from business interests.[73] Cook had been open about his sexuality "for years" and, while many people at the company were aware of his sexual orientation, he sought to focus on Apple's products and customers rather than his personal life. He ended his op-ed writing "We pave the sunlit path toward justice together, brick by brick. This is my brick."[72] Cook became the first and only openly gay CEO on the Fortune 500 list.[73] In September 2015, Cook clarified on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, "Where I valued my privacy significantly, I felt that I was valuing it too far above what I could do for other people, so I wanted to tell everyone my truth."[74] In October 2019, he talked about the decision and remarked on how it was thanks to LGBTQ people who had fought for their rights before him that paved the way for his success; and that he needed to let younger generations know that—in a coding analogy—he saw being gay as a feature his life had to offer rather than any problem.[73] He hoped his openness could help LGBTQ youth dealing with homelessness, and suicide hope that their situation could get better.[73]

Awards and honors
gollark: Formal education often LITERAL apioform.
gollark: Prove it by induction.
gollark: Something seems to repeatedly be sending me this.
gollark: I'm really worried about why I'm getting these emails.
gollark: This sort of thing is, of course, why more effective law enforcement is actually bad.

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Business positions
Preceded by
Steve Jobs		 CEO of Apple
2011–present		 Incumbent
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